TRANSFORMER MVA SIZING USING ETAP

By Waqar Hussain
Electrical Dept.
INTRODUCTION
 In p y , transformer is one of manyy
power systems,
devices whose proper size is critical to the
design of a power delivery system.

 ETAP has complied

p the information contained
on standards ANSI – IEEE C57, IEC 60076-2
and IEC 60726 into a program that can easily
determine the proper size of a power
transformer
FACTORS FOR TRAFO MVA SIZING IN ETAP

ETAP takes into consideration the following factors

for trafo MVA sizing
Ambient temperature

Altitude

Cooling Stage

Type (dry or liquid fill)

Expected future growth

Short circuit requirement (trafo impedence and BIL)

2 WINDING TRAFO MVA SIZING
The two winding transformer MVA sizing calculation sizes the following
parameters of a transfomer

Rated MVA
Maximum MVA

Percentage impedance

Maximum MVA is 1.25 times the

rated MVA for ONAN – ONAF
trafo.
2 WINDING TRAFO MVA SIZING (CONTD.)
(CONTD )
Transformer Loading

 This section allows you to find the operating load

( l l t d from
(calculated f load
l d flow
fl analysis)
l i ) or connected
t d
load to this transformer and then use either load
for sizingg p
purposes
p
 Also you can manually enter the loading for the
transformer
 While sizing transformer based on connected load,
spares can also be included
2 WINDING TRAFO MVA SIZING (CONTD.)
(CONTD )
Load Variation

 Growth Factor – For allowance for future growth. Growth

factor is used for calculating the rated MVA of a
transformer. If “Use growth factor for max MVA” is
checked, then it is used for calculating the max MVA
 Load Factor – is 100 % if the transformer carries
required load continuously all the time
2 WINDING TRAFO MVA SIZING (CONTD.)
(CONTD )
Installation

 ETAP adjusts the calculated required Rated MVA

based on trafo’s altitude value. For example
p for Liquid
q
Immersed Forced Air Cooled trafo, the MVA rating is
derated by factor 0.5 % for every 330 ft above 3300
ft.
ft
 Ambient Temp. ETAP adjusts the required Rated MVA
based on ambient temperature value
2 WINDING TRAFO MVA SIZING (CONTD.)
(CONTD )
p
Impedance

 Basic Impulse
p Level ((BIL)) Limit - ETAP utilizes this
value for determining the trafo minimum impedance
according to ANSI – IEC standards
 Limit Short Circuit kA – If this option is checked, then
ETAP calculates % impedance based on short circuit
kA, trafo type and BIL Limit
2 WINDING TRAFO MVA SIZING (CONTD.)
(CONTD )

Results

Any one of the three results can be selected:

Larger size, Required size or smaller size
OTHER REQUIRED DATA FOR TRAFO SIZING ON ETAP

 Standard (IEC or ANSI)

 Type (Liquid fill or Dry)
 Sub type (mineral oiloil, synthetic liquid etc …))
 Class (ONAN, ONAN-ONAF, OFAF etc …)
 Temperature rize
 Primary Winding kV rating
REGULATION OF TRAFO ON MOTOR START
 One of the factors to be considered while sizing a trafo is the voltage drop on
the terminals of the largest motor (connected to trafo secondary) during motor
start.

 According to IEEE Brown Book, the voltage at terminals of starting motor

should not fall below 80% of rated voltage for typical NEMA design B motors

 This voltage drop is proportional to the regulation of trafo during motor start

 The voltage drop at trafo secondary (regulation) during motor start is inversely
proportional to trafo short circuit kVA and directly proportional to motor
starting kVA

 The Transformer MVA Sizing Module of ETAP does not take into account this
factor. The regulation of trafo can be checked by Motor Starting Study on ETAP
REGULATION OF TRAFO ON MOTOR START
pp g p y
Approximate voltage drop on the transformer secondary  
can be calculated by the following formula

Where
D = % Voltage drop on secondary side
D  % Voltage drop on secondary side
P = Peak Load on trafo in kVA other than largest Motor 
M = Starting kVA of largest Motor
M = Starting kVA of largest Motor
S = Short circuit capacity of trafo in kVA
EXAMPLE

UCH2 Unit Auxiliary Transformer sizing using ETAP

INPUT DATA – TRAFO PARAMETERS

Type: Liquid Fill

Standard: IEC
Sub type: mineral oil

Cl
Class: ONAN - ONAF T
Temp. rise:
i 65

Primary V = 14.5 kV
Sec. V = 6.6 kV
INPUT DATA – UCH2 ETAP MODEL
 Plant ETAP model
is required to
evaluate connected
and operating load
on a transformer

Unit Auxiliary
transformer to
be sized

u p of
Lump1 o 13869
3869 kVA
represents the UCH2
operating BOP load other
than 1 No. circulation
water pump motor. The
lump load contains all
the plant cable losses
and loading factors of
different loads
SIZING MODULE
 Based on Operating
transformer
t f load,
l d 120 %
growth factor (for max MVA
or ONAF) and 28 degree C
ambient temp.p , the
recommended size by
ETAP is 20-25 MVA at
ONAN-ONAF

 Here worst case load is

considered for GT, HRSG
and ST MCC
MCC, as provided
by HET. (This load is
included as “lump 1” in
ETAP model)
UCH2 LOAD FLOW AT 3 DIFFERENT UNIT AUX. TRAFO
RATINGS – WORST CASE LOADING
16‐20 MVA trafo 20‐25 MVA trafo 25‐31.5 MVA trafo
% Z = 10, X\R = 22.2 % Z = 10, X\R = 22.2 % Z = 10, X\R = 22.2
Trafo Input kVA 16198 16046 15932
Trafo Output kVA 15217 15286 15339

Increase in trafo Decrease in trafo

output kVA as input kVA as trafo
trafo ratingg is ratingg is increased. For ONAN – ONAF
increased. ? ? rated trafo, ETAP
performs Load flow
20 % of the lump
Trafo % Z is taken
at ONAN rating
load in UCH2 ETAP
as contant at 10 %
model is static

For good voltage

regulation at trafo
sec. the static load
consumes more
kVA
ETAP MOTOR START STUDY AT 3 DIFFERENT TRAFO
RATINGS – NORMAL CASE LOADING
Trafo Input MVA
Motor Starting Analysis
Load Flow after
Load Flow after
For Circulation Water  Load Flow before  Load Flow at 
Motor start (steady 
Pump Motor Motor start Motor start
state)

16‐20 MVA trafo
13 607
13.607 20 865
20.865 15 277
15.277
% Z = 8, X\R = 22.2

20‐25 MVA trafo
13.655 21.345 15.333
% Z = 8, X\R = 22.2

20‐25 MVA trafo
13.632 20.865 15.277
% Z = 10, X\R = 22.2

If Normal loading is considered

(i e lump 1 = 13600 kVA ),
(i.e ) then
the sizing module recommends
16 – 20 MVA trafo
 ETAP MOTOR START STUDY AT 3 DIFFERENT TRAFO
RATINGS – NORMAL CASE LOADING ….. CONTD
Motor Starting Analysis Motor Terminal  Motor Terminal 
Trafo sec. Voltage at 
For Circulation Water 
For Circulation Water Voltage at Motor 
Voltage at Motor Voltage at Steady 
Voltage at Steady
Motor Start
Pump Motor Start State

16‐20 MVA trafo
88.35% 92.09% 98.38%
% Z = 8, X\R = 22.2

20‐25 MVA trafo
90.34% 94.18% 99.49%
% Z = 8, X\R = 22.2

20‐25 MVA trafo
20 25 MVA trafo
88.35% 92.09% 98.38%
% Z = 10, X\R = 22.2

Motor Rated Voltage:

Please note that the motor rated
As per IEEE Standard 399-1997, IEEE Recommended Practice voltage is 6.3 kA where as the MV bus
for Industrial and Commercial Power System Analysis (Brown and trafo sec. rated voltage is 6.6 kV
Book), the Voltage at terminal of Motor
duringg startingg shall not fall below 80 % of rated voltage.
g
For ONAN – ONAF rated
Hence this condition is satistfied for all the three trafo, ETAP performs
different trafo ratings Motor Start at ONAN
rating
CALCULATION OF TRAFO SEC. VOLTAGE AT MOTOR
START USING FORMULA …… COMPARISON
Motor Starting Analysis Trafo sec. Voltage at Motor Start
For Circulation Water 
For Circulation Water calculated using 
calculated using
calculated using ETAP
Pump Motor Formula
Almost same results using
16‐20 MVA trafo formula and ETAP, confirms
88.35% 87.36%
% Z = 8, X\R = 22.2 the validity of the formula
used in UCH2 trafo sizing
20‐25 MVA trafo
90.34% 89.89% calculations
% Z = 8, X\R = 22.2

20‐25 MVA trafo
88.35% 87.35%
% Z = 10 X\R = 22 2
% Z = 10, X\R = 22.2

Starting kVA of motor = Full Load kVA x 6 = 11412 kVA

Peak load on trafo excluding motor load = 13869 kVA
SUMMARY ……. UCH2 UAT SIZING
Growth
16 – 20
Factor at
Normal load ONAF MVA
for GT, ST,
HRSG Growth
20 – 25
ETAP Factor at
ONAN MVA
Transformer
Sizing Module
Worst load
20 – 25
for GT, ST,
HRSG MVA

AT Normal Load for GT, ST, HRSG – Total BOP Load including UAT losses = 15.9 MVA approx

AT Worst Load for GT, ST, HRSG – Total BOP Load including UAT losses = 15.3 – 15.6 MVA approx

The Motor starting Condition is satisfied for both transformer ratings as indicated in previous slides
SUMMARY ……. UPSIZING OF UCH2 UAT FROM 16 -20
MVA TO 20 – 25 MVA

Before addition of 1 MW For 16 – 20 MVA trafo, at

colony feeder and two motor start the voltage at
825 kW HSD Electric MV bus was greater than
Heaters 90 %

After addition of 1 MW For 16 – 20 MVA trafo, at

Mushtaq Sb. (from PMT)
colony feeder and two motor start the voltage at
required the voltage to
825 kW HSD Electric MV bus became lesser
be greater than 90 %
Heaters than 90 %

To incorporate this
comment, UAT rating was
increased to 20 – 25
MVA trafo at 8 % Z
STANDARDIZATION ON ETAP FOR TRAFO SIZING

 Havingg witnessed the harmonyy between ETAP

transformer sizing module and manual sizing
through formulae, the sizing calculations can
be standardized on ETAP

 Following documents can be issued if sizing is

done using ETAP

ETAP Load Flow Snapshot of ETAP ETAP Motor Start

analysis Report sizing Module Study Report
THANK YOU
OU

Q&A