Instruments of the study

Generally, there are various procedures of collecting data. The main instruments used
in the mixed method researches consist of closed-ended, open-ended questionnaires,
interviews and classroom observations. These different ways of gathering information
can supplement each other and hence boost the validity and dependability of the data
. In the main, the quantitative data are obtained through closed-ended questionnaires
and the qualitative data through open-ended questionnaires, interviews and classroom
observations. The items of the questionnaires are mainly developed based on the
research objectives and research questions.
Three instruments were used in this study. The first one was a questionnaire. As a
quantitative research instrument, this an attitude scale was aimed to measure self-
esteem within pupils' of the sixth grade at the first stage of the research.
Then qualitative method tools, namely interviews and classroom observations, were
utilized to collect qualitative data. In this research, the researcher was considered to be
the basic instrument in the process of collecting data for she represents the "human
instrument" since she collected data and implemented the instruments herself.