Earth & Space Science

Final Exam Review Packet

Date of Exam:____________________________

Time of Exam:____________________________

Classroom: C218
Name____________________________ Block_______
Date_____________________________ Earth Science
FINAL EXAM: Study Guide

NATURE OF SCIENCE (CH.1)

List what each branch of the Earth Science studies:

1. Geology-

2. Astronomy-

3. Meteorology-

4. Oceanography-

Describe the following areas of the earth:

5. Hydrosphere-

6. Lithosphere-

7. Asthenosphere-

8. Atmosphere-

9. Biosphere-

METRIC MEASUREMENT

10. International System of Units (SI)-

Define the following words. Then, list the basic metric unit of measurement for each.

Distance –

Mass –

Volume –

Temperature -
 SCIENTIFIC METHOD (CH. 1)

11.Hypothesis-

Label the diagram below using the steps of the scientific method:

CHEMISTRY (CH. 3)

18. Atom-

19.Element-

20.Atomic Mass-

21.Atomic Number-

22.Proton-

23.Neutron-

24.Electron-

25.Valence Electron-
 Label the atomic #, atomic mass, and symbol.

In the periodic cell for Boron: how many protons? ____________

How many electrons? ___________

How many neutrons? ____________

Draw an atom model for Boron.

26.Covalent Bond-

27.Ionic Bond-

MINERALS AND ROCKS (CH. 4,5,6)

28.Mineral-

Mineral Properties – Describe these mineral characteristics:

Cleavage-

Fracture-

Hardness-

Luster-

Streak-
 Color-

29.Clastic-

30.Lithification-

Define each rock group. Then list and describe the specific types of each rock group.

31.Igneous Rock –

a. ___________________

b. ___________________

32.Sedimentary Rock –

a. ____________________

b. ____________________

c. ____________________

33.Metamorphic Rock –

a. _______________________

b. ______________________

Draw and label ALL parts of the Rock Cycle:

 WEATHERING, SOILS, AND MASS MOVEMENT (CH. 7&8)

Define chemical and mechanical weathering. Then list and describe the specific
types of each weathering group.

34.Chemical Weathering-

a. ___________________

b. ___________________

c. ___________________

35.Mechanical Weathering-

a. ___________________

b. ___________________

c. ___________________

d. ___________________

36.Delta-

37.Soil-

Label the soil profile with topsoil, subsoil, weathered bedrock, and bedrock. Briefly
describe each horizon.
 Define mass movement. Then describe the specific types of each mass movement.

38.Mass Movement-

Creep –

Slump -

Landslide -

Mudflow -

Avalanche -

Rock Fall –

THE ATMOSPHERE (CH 11)

Label the diagram of the atmosphere using Mesosphere, Troposphere, Stratosphere,

Ozone Layer, and Thermosphere. Briefly state what happens in each layer.

39.Conduction-

40.Convection-
41.Radiation-

42.Ozone-

a. Natural causes of ozone depletion-

b. Human impact on ozone depletion-

43.Dew Point-

44.Relative Humidity-

45.Water Cycle-

46.Barometer-

CLIMATE (CH. 14)

47.Climate -

48.What causes climates?

49.Greenhouse Effect –

50.Global Warming -

a. Natural causes of global warming –

b. Human impact on global warming -

 PLATE TECTONICS (CH. 17)

51.Continental Drift-

52.What is the evidence for Pangaea?

53.Sea Floor Spreading-

54.Subduction-

55.Theory of Plate Tectonics-

56.Convergent Boundary(what happens to Earth/what is formed?)-

57.Divergent Boundary(what happens to Earth/what is formed?)-

58.Transform Boundary(what happens to Earth/what is formed?)-

VOLCANOES (CH 18)

Define and draw the three types of volcanoes. What erupts out of each?

59.Cinder cone Volcano-

60.Composite Volcano-

61.Shield Volcano-
62.Hot Spot-

63.Ring of Fire-

EARTHQUAKES (CH 19)

64.Epicenter-

65.Focus-

Define and draw the three types of faults. What happens at each?

66.Normal Fault-

67.Reverse Fault-

68.Strike-slip Fault-

69.Primary Wave-

70.Secondary Wave-

71.Surface Wave-

72.Seisomogram-

73.Seismometer-

74.Magnitude-

75.Richter Scale-
76.Tsunami-

EARTH RESOURCES (CH. 25,26)

77. Natural Resources -

78. Renewable Resources (give an example)-

79.Nonrenewable Resources (give an example) –

80.Fossil Fuel -

81. List and describe alternative energy sources below –

a. ___________________-

b. ___________________-

c. ___________________-

d. ___________________-

e. ___________________-

f. ___________________-

82. Where is the best location for alternative energy production?

83. List ways to conserve energy resources.(Provide 3 examples)

ASTRONOMY (CH 28,29,30,31)

Label the season diagram using Summer Solstice, Winter Solstice, Autumnal
Equinox, and Vernal Equinox.

84.Astronomical Unit-

85.Lunar Eclipse-

86.Solar Eclipse-

87.Gas Giant Planet-

88.Terrestrial Planet-

89.Asteroid-

90.Comet-

91.Meteorite-
92.Meteoroid-

93.Sun Spots -

94. Solar Winds -

95. Solar Flare -

100. Constellation -

101. Black Holes -

102. Describe how the Sun will change during its lifetime and how it will end up -

103. Big Bang Theory-

List the planets of our solar system in order from the Sun.