Carlos P.

Garcia

Ikawalong Pangulo ng Republika ng Pilipinas

Marso 18, 1957 – Disyembre 30, 1961

carlos p. garcia talambuhayMga Personal na Tala:

Araw ng Pagkasilang: Nobyembre 4, 1896

Lugar ng Sinilangan: Talibon, Bohol

Ama: Policarpio Garcia

Ina: Ambrosia Polistico

Anak: Linda Garcia-Campos

Araw ng Kamatayan: Hunyo 14, 1957

Sanhi ng Kamatayan: Atake sa puso

Edad nang mamatay: 61

Carlos-Garcia-Talambuhay-Buod-sa-Tagalog-Filipino-bilang-Pangulo-ng-Pilipinas

Edukasyon

Elementarya at Mataas na Paaralan

Mababang Paaralan ng Talibon, Bohol

Mataas na Paaralang Panlalawigan ng Cebu

Kolehiyo

Pamantasan ng Siliman, Dumaguete City

Batsilyer ng Abogasya, Philippine Law School (1923)

Mga Naging Programamga nagawa at programa

Tinaguriang prinsipe ng Panulaan sa Bisaya at Makata ng Bohol

Dalawang taong nagturo sa Mataas na Paaralang Panlalawigan ng Bohol

Dalawang beses naging Kongresista na kumatawan sa Silangang Visaya (1941)

Naging gobernador ng Bohol mula 1932-1942

Noong Ikalawang Digmaang Pandaigdig ay sumapi sa Guerila Forces na lumaban sa mga Hapon

Nahalal na Pangalawang Pangulo ni Ramon Magsaysay noong 1953

Naging Kalihim ng Kagawaran ng Ugnayan Panlabas

Nanumpa bilang pangulo ng Pilipinas makaraan ang Araw ng Kamatayan ng Pangulong Magsaysay sa
pagbagsak ng eroplanong sinasakayan nito noong Marso 18, 1957

Nahalal na pangulo ng Pilipinas sa opisyal na halalang pampanguluhan noong Nobyembre 1957

Nagpatupad ng patakarang “Pilipuno Muna” na ang layunin ay tangkilikin ang sariling gawa tulad ng mga
produktong Pilipino, Wikang Pilipino, musika, arte, at lahat ng gawa ng mga Pilipino. Binigyan pansin din
ng palatuntunan ang pagbibigay prayoridad sa mga Pilipino kaysa sa mga banyaga

Tinapos ang kasunduang Pagbabayad-pinsala ng Hapon na nagtatakda ng pagbabayad ng $550 milyon sa

Pilipinas ng Hapon sa pinsalang tinamo ng bansa sa digmaan

Naging Pangulo ng 1971-1972 Consitutional Convention

Nahalal na pangulo ng Second Constitutional Convention noong Hulyo 11, 1971

Carlos P. Garcia Facts

Carlos P. Garcia (1896-1971) was the fourth president of the Republic of the Philippines. He was noted
for the enunciation of the Filipino First Policy, intended to complete and guarantee Philippine economic
independence and sovereignty.

Carlos P. Garcia was born in Talibon, Bohol, on November 4, 1896. He took law courses at Silliman
University in 1918-1919 and graduated with a law degree from the Philippine Law School. He topped the
bar examination in 1923. He was elected for three terms (1925-1931) as representative of the third
district of Bohol. He served for three terms (1933-1941) as governor of Bohol Province. For 13 years
(1941-1954) Garcia served in the Senate of the Philippines.

During World War II, in May 1942, Garcia was hunted by the Japanese military authority because of his
loyalty to the Allied cause and his refusal to surrender and cooperate with the government. After the
war he participated in several missions to Washington to work for the approval of the Philippine
Rehabilitation and War Damage Claims. He was a delegate to the World Conference at San Francisco to
draft the charter of the United Nations Organization in May 1945. He acted as presiding officer of the
Southeast Asia Treaty Organization Conference in Manila in 1954, which produced the Manila Treaty
and the Pacific Charter.

From 1947 to 1953 Garcia was vice president of the Nacionalista party directorate, and he also served in
the Cabinet beginning in 1953 as vice president and secretary of foreign affairs. When he was in the
Senate, he was chairman and member of numerous key committees, among them government
reorganization, foreign affairs, public works, army and navy, and justice. He was also a member of the
Senate Electoral Tribunal. From 1946 to 1951 Garcia served as minority floor leader of the Senate.

Succeeded President

When President Magsaysay was killed in an airplane accident on March 17, 1957, Garcia became his
successor, having been elected vice president in November 1953. In the elections of 1957 Garcia won
over three other candidates and became fourth president of the republic since its independence in 1946.

Garcia's main achievement before he became president involved his activities as foreign policy expert
for the government. As secretary of foreign affairs, he opened formal reparation negotiations in an
effort to end the nine-year technical state of war between Japan and the Philippines, leading to an
agreement in April 1954. During the Geneva Conference on Korean unification and other Asian problems,
Garcia as chairman of the Philippine delegation attacked communist promises in Asia and defended the
U.S. policy in the Far East. In a speech on May 7, 1954, the day of the fall of Dien Bien Phu, Garcia
repeated the Philippine stand for nationalism and opposition of communism.

Garcia acted as chairman of the eight-nation Southeast Asian Security Conference held in Manila in
September 1954, which led to the development of the Southeast Asia Treaty Organization, known as
SEATO. Garcia's cardinal principles in foreign affairs, as announced in a speech on November 30, 1957,
were "to maintain and improve Philippine-American relations" and "to foster closer ties with our Asian
neighbors."

Stressed Austerity, Nationalism

Garcia's administration was characterized by its austerity program and its insistence on a comprehensive
nationalist policy. On March 3, 1960, he affirmed the need for complete economic freedom and added
that the government no longer would tolerate the dominance of foreign interests (especially American)
in the national economy. He promised to shake off "the yoke of alien domination in business, trade,
commerce and industry." Garcia was also credited with his role in reviving Filipino cultural arts.

The prevalence of graft and corruption in the government, institutional carryover from previous
administrations, and U.S. disfavor of his Filipino First Policy put Garcia on the defensive and led partly to
his defeat in the 1961 elections. Garcia died in 1971 at the age of 74.

Transcript of Achievements and Failures of Carlos P. Garcia

Filipino First Policy

The policy centered on the economic progress that the “masa” was not affected at all, leading to much
criticism about his concern for the common Filipino.
Austerity Program Failure
Even though the program was launched in order to help eliminate the corruption within the
government, the result was very unsuccessful since the problem was carried over to the next
administration.
Lack of program?
Garcia was criticized for his lack of program for the Filipino common man which was the focus of the
next president Macapagal that is why he lost the election to him.
Filipino First Policy
Implemented during the 1950's to give the local businessman more priority over foreign investors.
Austerity Program
was implemented in order discard the rampant graft and corruption within the country.
The program focuses on wise spending, industry, thrift, trustworthiness, integrity and honesty.
He also urged people to avoid luxury items and to live a simple life and reminded government officials
and employees’ corruption destroys the peoples trust in the government.
Revival of Cultural Arts
The Garcia administration also put emphasis on cultural revival, due to the colonization of many
countries, he felt that the revival of the Filipino culture was needed.
ACHIEVEMENTS
FAILURES
CARLOS POLISTICO GARCIA

THANK YOU!
NOVEMBER 4, 1896 - JUNE 14, 1971
Beneficiaries:
benefited the Filipino businessman; had an increase support and protection from the government.
Foreign investors were not totally ignored. They could still participate in investing businesses in the
country but there should be a 60-40 ratio of ownership within the business.
Beneficiaries:
benefited the common Filipino and the Garcia administration. Because of the implementation of this
program, the government was able to regain some of the trust that they lost due to the rampant
corruption in the country.
Beneficiaries:
Filipino artist could now get the recognition for their works that were left ignored.
Known as the "Prince of Visayan Poets" and "Bard from Bohol"
President Carlos P. Garcia was a native of Talibon, Bohol. He loved to write spiritual and sensual poems
in Visayan. He is gifted with excellence in poetry in the Cebuano dialect and was also blessed with
oratorical ability, so President Garcia was given the appellations "Prince of Visayan Poets" and "Bard
from Bohol".
Guerilla Leader
He refused to cooperate with the Japanese during the occupation.
Took part in the Guerilla activities and later to the military service of the Philippine Commonwealth
Army during the liberation campaigns against the Japanese.
Activity in some reform movements
After the war, he participated in several missions in Washington to work for the approval of the
Philippine Rehabilitation and War Damage Claims.
He was a delegate to the World Conference at San Francisco to draft the charter of the United Nations
Organization in May 1945.
He acted as presiding officer of the Southeast Asia Treaty Organization Conference in Manila in 1954,
which produced the Manila Treaty and the Pacific Charter.
Too much grip on anti-foreign policies
Foreign countries criticized Garcia, especially the United States for his anti-foreign policies.
UNDENDING CORRUPTION
The issue of corruption plagued the BIR after he implement the Austerity program, staining his
reputation
Carlos P. Garcia (1957-1961)

CONDITION OF THE PHILIPPINES

The Philippines agreed to numerous conditions set by the United States as a requirement for the
Philippines to receive war reconstruction assistance.

The flow of imports had greatly increased making the Philippines heavily dependent of imported
products. Imports coming from the United States were also allowed to enter the country without
tariffs, the Philippines also promised not to change its exchange rate from $1 is to P2.

The condition of the Philippines before the administration of Garcia was the Philippines is just
recovering from the after effects of World War 2, with this the Philippines experienced several
economic challenges.

PRIMARY PROBLEMS

The main problem that was facing the Garcia administration was the current economic situation
during that time. Corruption was also prevalent in the country since he had just inherited the
Magsaysay administration. Several cases of corruption were found within the government offices
during his administration.

The imports that were coming in the country greatly outnumbered the exports that we were
shipping out of the country, making the Philippines highly dependent on foreign products that
required dollars to purchase.

PROMISES DURING THE ELECTIONS AND INAUGURATION

• reorienting our national economic policies toward doing first things first
• must first produce here, by and for ourselves, enough to provide for the fundamental needs of
life — food, shelter and clothing
• step up the tempo of establishing the agricultural industries to utilize with the least delay the
abundant natural resources
• to generate here the machinery for the entire Philippine agro-industrial structure
• The Government will continue its low-cost housing projects and its land redistribution and
resettlement program
• we shall pursue our health development activities especially in the barrios and other rural areas
• The education of our youth should henceforth lay emphasis on science, industrial, and
agricultural technology.
• Together with the increasing material abundance, we need to strengthen our moral fiber
 LAWS AND PROGRAMS

Filipino First Policy

This is the law that was passed by the Garcia administration, to give local businessmen more
priority over foreign investors. The government sector would help local businessmen are
entering industry that was filled with foreign competitors and give them aid and sometimes
financial assistance. Products of Filipino businessmen were also preferred over foreign products.

Bohlen–Serrano Agreement
The Bohlen-Serrano Agreement was the law that shortened the original 99 year lease of US
bases here in the Philippines to 25 years, the agreement was renewable for periods only up to 5
years.

Austerity Program
The Austerity Program was implemented by Garcia in order to curt the rampant graft and
corruption within the country. The program centered on wise spending, industry, thrift,
trustworthiness, integrity and honesty. He also urged people to avoid luxury items and to live a
simple life and reminded government officials and employees’ corruption destroys the peoples
trust in the government.

Republic Cultural Awards

The Garcia administration also put emphasis on cultural revival, due to the colonization of many
countries he felt that the revival of the Filipino culture was needed. The award was given to
Filipino artists, scientist, historians and writers.

BENEFICIARIES OF THE LAWS AND PROGRAMS

Filipino First Policy

The people that benefitted from this policy are the businessmen of the Philippines, they had an
increase support and protection from the government. This enabled them to help improve our
economy at that time. Foreign investors were not totally ignored they could still participate in
investing in businesses in the country but there should be a 60-40 ratio of ownership within the
business.

Austerity Program
The austerity program benefited the common Filipino and the Garcia administration, because of
the implementation of this program the government was able to regain some of the trust that they
lost due to the rampant corruption in the country. While the Filipinos were able to once again
trust the government.

Republic Cultural Awards

Filipino artist could now get the recognition for their works that were left ignored. The main
focus of the society at the time was improving the economy.
 HOLES AND SHORTCOMINGS OF THE LAWS

Filipino First Policy

The policy centered on the economic progress that the “masa” was not affected at all by this.
This led to much criticism about his concern for the common Filipino.

Austerity Program
Even though the Austerity Program was launched in order to help eliminate the corruption within
the government. The result was very unsuccessful since the problem carried over to the next
administration.

ISSUES AND CONTROVERSIES

Garcia was criticized by foreign countries, especially the United States for his anti-foreign
policies. There was also corruption withing the Bureau of Internal Revenue in which he had the
implement the Austerity Program.

SUMMARY OF GOVERNANCE

The focus of the Garcia administration focused on economic independence from foreign interest.
Garcia wanted the Philippines to be an industrialized, self sustaining country that would not have
to heavily rely on the products of foreign companies.

Garcia also tried implanting his Austerity Program in hopes of eliminating corruption in his
administration all the while bolstering moral fiber to the government leaders and employees.

At the end of his term Garcia was criticized for his lack of program for the Filipino common man
which was the focus of the next president Macapagal that is why he lost the election to him.

GRADE (DLSU SYSTEM)

We gave President Carlos Garcia a 3.5 because we believe that he was able to accomplish
something most of the presidents failed to do. He helped the Philippines rise from being a victim
of war to a self-sustaining country that was considered one of the richest countries during his
time.

During his administration the Philippines was one of the innovators of South East Asia. He
promoted the reliance of our own product and at the same time promoted our products in the
global competition. He also had the Austerity Program even though it failed. It still showed how
much he really wanted to improve the lives of the Filipinos.