Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Study Material
Downloaded from Vedantu
MASTER CLASSES
FREE Webinars by Expert Teachers
About Vedantu
Vedantu is India’s largest LIVE online teaching platform
with best teachers from across the country.
My mentor is approachable and guides me My son loves the sessions and I can
in my future aspirations as well. already see the change.
= nPr.
2.1 Combinations
So, the total no. of arrangements (permutations) of n-
Each of the different selections made by taking some or all
distinct items, taking r at a time is nPr or P(n, r).
of a number of distinct objects or items, irrespective of
2. The number of all permutations (arrangements) of n
their arrangements or order in which they are placed, is
distinct objects taken all at a time is n!.
called a combination.
3. The number of ways of selecting r items or objects from
2.2 Permutations a group of n distinct items or objects, is
(i) Out of n non-concurrent and non-parallel straight 5.1 Division of items into groups of unequal sizes
n
lines, points of intersection are C2.
1. The number of ways in which (m + n) distinct items
(ii) Out of ‘n’ points the number of straight lines are can be divided into two unequal groups containing
(when no three are collinear) nC2 .
m 1
§ mn ! · 1
¦ (m r )(n r); (m n ) ¨ ¸
¨ n! m ¸ m !
r 1 © ¹
4. PERMUTATIONS UNDER CERTAIN CONDITIONS The number of ways in which mn different items can be
The number of all permutations (arrangements) of n divided equally into m groups, each containing n objects
different objects taken r at a time :
and the order of groups is important, is
(i) When a particular object is to be always included in
n–1
each arrangement, is Cr–1 × r ! . § mn ! 1 · mn !
¨ u ¸ m!
(ii) When a particular object is never taken in each ¨ n! m m! ¸ n!
m
© ¹
n–1
arrangement, is Cr × r!.
PERMUTATION AND COMBINATION
occurs exactly p2 times subject, etc. Then the total 1. The total no. of non-negative integral solutions of the
equation x1 + x2 + ....+ xr = n is n + r –1Cr –1.
number of permutations of these r objects to the above
2. The total number of solutions of the same equation in
condition, is the set N of natural numbers is n – 1Cr– 1.
3. In order to solve inequations of the form
(p1 p 2 ... p r )! x1 + x2 + . . . . .+ xm d n
.
p!p 2 ! p 3!....p r !
we introduce a dummy (artificial) variable xm + 1
= (nC0 + nC1 + nC2 + . . . . + nCn) – nC0 If n distinct objects are arranged in a row, then the no. of
ways in which they can be dearranged so that none of them
= 2n – 1.
occupies its original place, is
2. The number of ways of selecting r items out of n
identical items is 1 . 1 1 1 1 1½
n!®1 .... 1 n ¾
¯ 1! 2! 3! 4! n!¿
3. The total number of ways of selecting zero or more
items from a group of n identical items is (n + 1). and it is denoted by D (n).
4. The total number of selections of some or all out of If r (0 d r d n) objects occupy the places assigned to them
p + q + r items where p are alike of one kind, q are alike of i.e., their original places and none of the remaining (n - r)
second kind and rest are alike of third kind, is objects occupies its original places, then the no. of such
ways, is
[(p + 1)(q + 1)(r+ 1)]– 1.
D(n – r) = nCr . D(n – r)
5. The total number of ways of selecting one or more items
from p identical items of one kind; q identical items of 1 1 1 1 ½
nr
= nCr . (n – r) ! ®1 1! 2! 3! .... 1 ¾.
(n r )!¿
second kind; r identical items of third kind and n different ¯
items, is (p + 1) (q + 1)(r + 1) 2n – 1
Thank You
for downloading the PDF
MASTER CLASSES
FREE Webinars by Expert Teachers