X-OR AND X-NOR GATE

PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVE:
Upon successful completion of this experiment, the student will be able
 To implement and verify X-OR and X-NOR gate operation
 Find the relation b/w input & output using
 Using IC 74LS86 for X-OR gate (On Breadboard)
 Using IC 74LS86 and 74LS04 inverter or X-OR gate (On Breadboard)
 Using EX-NOR IC 74LS266 or CD 4077

COMPONENTS:
 74LS86 (X-OR Gate) IC
 74LS04 (NOT Gate) IC
 74LS266 or CD 4077 for EX-NOR IC
 Variable Digital Power Supply
 Connecting wires, Hardwires
 Breadboard

DISCUSSION:
Exclusive OR gate, commonly abbreviated as X-OR is an especial type of OR gate. Logic
Symbol for the X-OR is shown in Fig 6.1(a&b). The output of an X-OR gate is High only
when the two inputs are at opposite logic levels. Alternatively, X-OR get provides a HIGH
output if one input or the other input is high, but not both. The X-OR gate has only two inputs.
Unlike the other gates, it never has more than two inputs.

A
X=A + B
B

Fig 7.1(a) Distinctive symbol of X-OR gate Fig 7.1(b) Standard X-OR gate symbol

X-NOR GATE:
Distinctive & Standard symbols for the X-NOR gate are shown in following figure
6.2(a&b). Like the X-OR gate, the X-NOR gate has only two inputs. The bubble on the output
of the XNOR gate indicates that its output is opposite of the XOR gate.

A
 B

Fig 7.2 (a) Distinctive symbol of XNOR gate Fig 7.2(b) Standard XNOR gate symbol

The XNOR (exclusive-NOR) gate is a combination XOR gate followed by an inverter. Its
output is "true" if the inputs are the same and "false" if the inputs are different.

74LS86 quad X-OR gate IC:

In order to implement the X-OR operation using IC, the TTL 74LS86 quad X-OR gate
IC can be used. This IC has 14 pin DIP (Dual in-line Package) configurations as shown in fig
7.3

Fig 7.3(a) 74LS86 X-OR gate IC (With logic gates)

CD4077B Quad X-NOR gate IC:

CD 4077 is CMOS IC, FET based. This IC has 14 pin DIP (Dual in-line Package)
configurations as shown in fig 7.3(b)
Using Bread Board:
Using 74LS86 IC, you can implement the X-OR gate on the breadboard by making
connections as shown in the fig 6.4.

Fig 7.4 IC 7486 (Quad 2-input XOR gate)

PROCEDURE:
1. Implement with help of IC, use 74LS86 IC.
 2. For fig 7.4, implement the circuit by using IC 74LS86 for X-OR gates on the
Breadboard. Similarly, X-NOR circuit will be formed using IC CD4077.
3. Apply 5V-power supply to IC from power supply.
4. Use only one of gate IC 74LS86 for X-OR
5. Use one gate of IC CD4077 for EX-NOR. Refer fig-7.4 for IC use.

OBSERVATION TABLE:

2 INPUT XOR GATE

INPUT OUTPUT
A B C
0 0
0 1
1 0
1 1

3 INPUT XOR GATE

INPUT OUTPUT
A B C D

OBSERVATION TABLE OF X-NOR:

INPUTS OUTPUT
A B X
0 0
0 1
1 0
1 1
REVIEW QUESTIONS: -

1. Why do we use an X-OR AND X-NOR gate?

2. What is the minimum no: of inputs that can be applied to an X-OR AND X-NOR
gate?

3. What is the input combination that will produce a HIGH (1) at the output of an
X-OR and X-NOR gate.

4. What are applications of X-OR and X-NOR

POST LAB TASK:

1) Design EX-NOR using EX-OR IC & an INVERTER. Attach results.
2) Design EX-NOR gate using EX-NOR IC CD 4077.

INSTRUCTIONS:

 Please complete your lab reports neatly.

 All review questions and post task must be commented appropriately and included in the
file submitted.
 Handouts are required to be submitted by the next lab.