Pharmacognosy Notes For D Pharm 1

B.S.P.M. INSTITUTE OF PHARMACY AMBAJOGAI. Dist – Beed. (M.S.) INDIA.
I'st DCP
CLASSROOM NOTES – PHARMACOGNOSY # 1.
Laxatives
Plant Name Biological name/ Synonym(s) Other names Part(s) Used
Constituents Indications / Use
purgative (causes
Aloe barbadensis, Mill.
griping),
A. Indica, Royle. Curacao Aloe,
gel—topically
glyburide, anthraquinone
A. Littoralis, Koening Barbados Aloe,
emollient, anti-
Aloe Juice
glycosides – aloin,
A. Vera, Tourn. Ex Linn. Indian Aloe,
inflammatory,
acemannan.
(Liliaceae; Agavaceae) Jaffarabad Aloe,
antimicrobial - used
Kummari
for wound healing,
sunburn.
chrysophan, chrysophanic
Rheum officinale, Baill.
purgative, astringent,
acid, emodin, aporetin,

Rheum Palmatum, Linn. Rhizome,
aperient. used for
Rhubarb Rhubarb
phæoretin, erythroretin,
(Polygonaceae) root
constipation and
rheumic acid, and
atonic dyspepsia
rheotannic acid
essential oils with alpha-

Blond Psyllium,
pinene, dipentene, linalool,
Indian Plantago,
cineol, methyl salicylate,
Plantago ovata, Forsk. Ispagol, Seed,
decyl aldehyde, eugenol, seed -astringent.
Ispaghula
(Plantaginaceae) Pale Psyllium, husk
anisaldehyde, bergapten, seed coat -demulcent.
Spogel
indole, salicylic and
benzoic acids as major
constituents.
contains rhein, aloe-
purgative (free from
emodin, kaempferol,
Alexandrian Senna,
astringent action of
isormamnetin, both free

Cassia senna, Linn. Cassia acutifolia
rhubarb type herbs,
and as glucosides,
Cassia angustifolia, Vahl. Delite,
but causes gripe),
Fruit (pod),
together with mycricyl
Senna (Leguminosae) Khartoum Senna
used in compounds
leaves
alcohol the purgative
Indian Senna,
for treating
principles are largely

Tinnevelly Senna
biliousness, distention
attributed to anthraquinone
of stomach, vomiting
derivatives and their
and hiccups.
glucosides.
A.A.RAUT 1
B.S.P.M. INSTITUTE OF PHARMACY AMBAJOGAI. Dist – Beed. (M.S.) INDIA. I'st DCP
Cardiotonics
Digitalis lanata, Ehrh.
cardiac stimulant
cardiac glycosides found

Digitalis Digitalis purpurea, Ehrh. Grecian Foxglove Leaves
diuretic
throught entire plant

( Scrophulariaceae)
emetic
quinazoline alkaloids -
vasicoline, adhatodine, cold. cough,

Adhatoda zeylanica, Medic.
Malabarnut,
vasicolinone and whooping-cough and
Adhatoda vasica, Nees. Leaves along
Adulsa Vasaka
anisotine . vasicinol, chronic bronchitis and
(Acanthaceae ) with tender stem
Adulsa
vasicinone, asthma as sedative-
deoxyvasicinone, expectorant
deoxyvasicine
Carminatives and GI regulators
contains volatile oil, stimulant, stomachic,
consisting mainly of delta- carminative,

Dhaanyaka,
linalool, alpha-pinene and antispasmodic,
Coriandrum sativum, Linn. Kustumburu,
terpinine. it also contains diuretic; also
Coriander Fruits
(Umbelliferae) Dhaanyeyaka,
flavonoids, coumarins, hypoglycaemic and
Dhanika
phthalides and phenolic anti-inflammatory.
acids (including caffeic and oil—bactericidal
chlorogenic) and larvicidal.
fennel seed contain volatile carminative,

Mishreyaa,
oils anethole, among stomachic,
Mishi,
others fenchone and antispasmodic,
Foeniculum vulgare, Mill.
Fennel Madhurikaa, Fruits
methylchavicol), emmenagogue,
(Umbelliferae)
Madhuraa,
flavonoids, coumarins galactagogue, anti-
Shatapushpaa
(including bergapten) and inflammatory,
sterols diuretic.
Trachyspermum ammi, Linn. Ammi, Fruits
the seeds contain a fruits—carminative,
Ajowan Carum copticum, Benth. Lovage, Leaf juice
phenolic glucoside, antispasmodic,
(Umbelliferae) Carum, Root
principal constituents of the anticholerin,
A.A.RAUT 2
Ajowan,
ajowan oil are the phenols, antidiarrhoeal,
Yavaani
mainly thymol and some bechic, stimulant.
carvacrol. leaf juice—
anthelmintic.
root— carminative,
diuretic, febrifuge.
seeds yield an essential oil seed - carminative

the
major constituents are, antiemetic, stomachic,
Elettaria cardamomum, Lesser Cardamom ,
1,8-cineole and alpha- orexigenic, anti-gripe,

Cardamom Maton Elaa, Seed
terpinylacetate, with antiasthmatic, bechic,

(Zingiberaceae) Sukshmailaa.
limonene, alpha-terpineol, oil - antispasmodic,
sabinene and linalool. antiseptic.
contains an
essential oil containing
monoterpenes, mainly antiemetic,

Fresh rhizome—
geranial and neral; antiflatulent,
Aardraka,
sesquiterpenes mainly hypocholesterolaemic,
Aadrikaa,
beta-sesquiphellandrene, anti-inflammatory,
Zingiber officinale, Roscoe.
Shrngibera.
betabisabolene; antispasmodic,
Ginger (Zingiberaceae) Rhizome
Dried rhizome—
aromatic curcumene and expectorant,
Shunthi,
alphazingiberene; circulatory stimulant,
Naagara.
pungent principles, diaphoretic, increases
consisting of gingerols, bioavailability of
shogaols and related prescription drugs.
phenolic ketone
derivatives.
stimulant, carminative,
the
fruit yielded piperine,
diuretic, anticholerin,
piperatine and piperidine;

Black Pepper ,
sialagogue, bechic,
Piper nigrum, Linn.
amides, piperyline,
Black pepper Maricha, Fruits
antiasthmatic. used in
(Piperaceae)
piperoleins a and b,
Vellaja
fevers, dyspepsia,
and
n-isobutyl- cicosa-
flatulence, indigestion,
trans-2-trans-4-dienamide.
and as mucous
A.A.RAUT 3
membrane and
gastro-intestinal
stimulant.
ferula foetida contains:
resins consisting of
asaresionotannols
and their esters;
farnesiferols,
Ferula assafoetida Linn. Oleo gum resin
olea-gum-resin—
Asafetida, Asant,
ferulic acid and other acids;
Ferula rubricaulis Boiss. obtained by
stimulates the
Devil’s Dung, Gum
gum; volatile oil, major
Asafoetida Ferula foetida Bunge. incising the
intestinal and
Asafetida
constituent being sec-
(Apiaceae / Umbelliferae) living
rhizomes respiratory tracts and
propenylisobutyl
and roots.
the nervous system.
disulphide; sulphated
terpenes, pinene, cadinene
and vanillin;
sesquiterpenoid
coumarins.
nutmeg is used in
contains anti-inflammatory
flatulency, diarrhoea,
principle,
Nutmeg, Mace,
nausea and vomiting.
Myristica fragrans Houtt. Dried seed and
and licarin-b and dehydro
Nutmeg Jaatiphala,
mace is used in
(Myristicaceae) Aril
diisoeugenol,
Jaatishasya.
rheumatism, chronic
eugenol and isoeugenol,
bowel complaints and
myristicin.
asthma.
Ceylon Cinnamon,
Cinnamomum verum
leaf—carminative,
Cinnamomum zeylanicum Bl. J.S. Presl., True
antidiarrhoeal,
Cinnamomum loureirii Nees. Cinnamon
cinnamaldehyde, alpha- spasmolytic,
Cinnamon Cinnamomum burmanii Cinnamomum Inner bark
and beta-pinene, pcymene antirheumatic,
(Nees) Bl. obtusifolium Nees
and limonene, linalool hypoglycaemic.
(Lauraceae) var.loureirii Perr. & Eb.,
essential
Saigon Cassia, Saigon
oil—fungicidal.
Cinnamon
A.A.RAUT 4
Batavia Cassia,
Batavia Cinnamon,
Padang-Cassia,
Panang Cinnamon
carminative,
antiinflammatory,
antibacterial.
Syzygium aromaticum (Linn.)

Flower buds—
Merr. & Perry.
antiemetic, stimulant,
eugenin,
Caryophyllus aromaticus Lavanga,
carminative, used in
triterpene acids,
Linn., Devakusum,
dyspepsia, gastric
crategolic acid,
Eugenia aromatica (Linn.) Devapushpa, Clove (dried
irritation.
Clove
steroid glucosides.
Baill., Shrisangya, flowerbud)
Eugenol a major
Eugenia caryophyllata Shriprasuunaka
oil—
component of the oil, is

Thunb.,
employed as a local
antibacterial.
(Myrtaceae)
analgesic for
hypersensitive
dentlines and carious
cavaties; internally
as a carminative and
antispasmodic
Astringent
contains
tannins ─ mainly catechins
and catechu tannic acid, demulcent,

Pale Catechu, extract of the
Uncaria gambier, Roxb.
indole alkaloids ─including emollient,
Catechu Gambier, leaves and
(Rubiaceae)
gambirine, gambiridine; expectorant,
Khadira shoots
flavonoids ─ quercetin; diuretic,
pigments and intestinal astringent.
gambirfluorescin.
A.A.RAUT 5
Drugs acting on Nervous System

Indian Henbane,
Sedative. Narcotic
tropane alkaloids ─
Hyoscyamus niger, Linn. Black Henbane, Leaves and
drug. Used for
Hyoscymus
hyoscyamine,
(Solanaceae) Paarsika-yavaani, flowering tops
convulsions. Action
and hyoscine.
Ajwaayin.
similar to Belladonna
atropine, (dl-hyoscyamine),
l- scopalomine (tropane antispasmodic,
alkaloid) parasympathetic,
Belladonna,
(atropine is converted to l- depressant,
Atropa belladonna, Auct. fruits,
Belladonna Deadly Nightshade,
hyoscyamine by an vasoconstrictor,
(Solanaceae) leaves
Suuchi
enzyme when the plant is smooth muscle
dry, therefore the plant is inhibitor,
more active when dry) bronchodilator.
starch, sugar, mucilage
narcotic, sedative,
antileprotic,
anti-inflammatory.
extremely poisonous.
Aconitum ferox Wall. ex Ser. Aconitum,
(roots possess
aconitia,
Aconite Aconitum napellus Linn. Indian aconite, tuber
depressant
aconitine or nepalline
(Ranunculaceae) Monkshood
activity, but after
mitigation in
cow’s milk for 2–3
days, they exhibit
stimulant activity.)
Withania ashwagandha, Kaul. Winter Cherry,
alkaloids ─ withanine, root—used as an
Ashwa-
(cultivated variety) Ashwagandhaa, root
withananine, antiinflammatory
gandha
W. somnifera Linn. Hayagandhaa,
withananinine, drug for swellings,
A.A.RAUT 6
(Solanaceae) Ashwakanda,
pseudo-withanine, tumours, scrofula and
Gandharvagandhaa.
somnine, rheumatism; and as a
somniferine, sedative and hypnotic
somniferinine. in anxiety neurosis.
steroidal lactones ─
withanolide,
Ephedra sinica, Stapf.
Cao Ma Huang, E.
arial parts: diaphoretic
E. Equisetina, Bunge.
Mahuang Liu,
arial: stimulant
E. Intermedia, Shrenk. ex
Ephedra (and some
alkaloids ephedrine, astringent
Ephedra Meyer.
other herbs) has also
phytosterols. decongestant
E. Gerardiana, Wallich. ex
been referred to as
root: ephedrine, tannin, expectorant diuretic
Meyer.
‘herbal ecstasy
saponin, flavone, oil root: diaphoretic
(Ephedraceae)
opium is obsolete
isoquinoline alkaloids ─
Opium Poppy,
as a drug. narcotic,
morphine, narcotine,
Papaver somniferum, Linn. Ahiphena, dried poppy
sedative, hypnotic,
Opium
codeine, papaverine and
(Papaveraceae) Aaphuuka, juice
analgesic, sudorific,
thebaine.
Afyum.
anodyne,
antispasmodic.
hallucinogenic,
cannabis yields 421 hypnotic, sedative,

Hemp,
chemicals of various analgesic,

Indian Hemp,
classes—cannabinoids, antiinflammatory,
Vijayaa,
Cannabis sativa, Linn. dried leaves
or cannabispirans, hemp derivatives
Cannabis Bhangaa,
(Cannabinaceae) juice
and many alkaloids, are suggested for
Maadani,
of which treating glaucoma

Maatulaani,
δ -9- tetrahydrocannabinol and as an antiemetic

Indraasana.
(thc) is important. in cancer
chemotherapy.
strychnine, brucine,
Strychnos Nux-vomica, Linn.
bitter stomachic and
Nux vomica Semina Strychni seeds
caffeotannic acid, igasuric
(Loganiacoe)
tonic
acid, loganin
Antihypertensive
A.A.RAUT 7

indole alkaloids (more than
50 alkaloids identified,
reserpine - best known)

Rauvolfia serpentine, Benth. Snake root,
anti-hypertensive alkaloids
Rauvolfia root
anti-arrhythmic
(Apocynaceae) Sarpgandha
(alseroxylone, corganthine,
anti-hypertensive
voxinil, rescinamine)
anti-arrhythmic alkaloids
─ ajmaline
Antitussive
Plant Name Biological name/ Synonym(s) Other names Part(s) used
Constituents Indications / use
quinazoline alkaloids -
vasicoline, adhatodine, cold. cough,

Adhatoda zeylanica, Medic
Malabarnut,
vasicolinone and whooping-cough and
Adhatoda vasica, Nees. leaves along
Vasaka Vasaka
anisotine . vasicinol, chronic bronchitis and
(Acanthaceae ) with tender
stem
Adulsa
vasicinone, asthma as sedative-
deoxyvasicinone, expectorant
deoxyvasicine
toluene, benzylic benzoate,

Toluifera Balsamum, Linn. balsam of the
benzylic cinnamate,
Tolu Balsam Balsamum Tolutanum
expectorant
(Leguminosae) plant
benzoic acid, cinnamic
acid, resins
Major components of the leaf— expectorant,

essential oil are eugenol, carminative,
carvacrol, nerol and stomachic,
eugenolmethylether. antispasmodic,
Holy Basil,
Leaves have been antiasthmatic,

Ocimum Sanctum, Linn. Sacred Basil,
Tulsi seed, leaves
reported to contain ursolic antirheumatic,
(Labiatae) Tulsi,
acid, apigenin, stimulant,

Surasa
luteolin, apigenin-7-O- hepatoprotective,
glucuronide, antipyretic and
luteolin-7-O-glucuronide, diaphoretic.
orientin and molludistin. seed— used in
A.A.RAUT 8
genitourinary
diseases.
Antirhumatics
Plant Name Biological name Synonym(s) part(s)
used constituents indications / use
Commiphora mukul, Hooker. Indian Bdellium, gum ─ resin
anti-cholesterol,
Guggul
guggolestrones E, Z.
(Burseraceae) Guggulu exudes
antirhumatic
seed and
the antirhumatic,
Colchicum autumnale, Linn.
Colchicum corn of
colchicine as emetic in
(Liliaceae)
colchicum
poisioning
Antitumour
Plant Name Biological name/ Synonym(s) Other names Part(s)
Used Constituents Indications / Use
anticancer, circulatory
indole alkaloids stimulant

Vinca major, Linn. whole plant
Vinca Periwinkle, amaranth
(vincamine, cinblastine) (increases blood flow
(Apocynaceae) extract
tannins to the brain)
hypotensive
Antileprotics
fixed oil, 25-50 % contains
palmitin, linolein, but chiefly

Chaulmoogra
Taraktogenos.
glycerides of two fatty
oil / Oleum Taraktogenos Kurzii, King.
Chaulmoogra. Seed oil
acids—chaulmoogric, cho, leprosy
Chaulmoogra (Hydnocarpus)
Chaulmoogra.
and hydnocarpic, cho,
e
starch, proteins, tannin,

coloring matter
Antidiabetics
kino-tannic acid,
diabetes, diarrhea,
Pterocarpus Marsupium,
kino-red, kinoin,
Gummi (Resina) Kino,
pyrosis, menorrhagia,
Pterocarpous Rozburgh. bark juice
pyrocatechin
Vengay, Bastard
dysentery, leucorrhea,
(Papilionaceae; Fabaceae)
(pyrocatechuic acid,
ulcers,
catechol),
A.A.RAUT 9
leaf—antidiabetic.
stimulates
the heart and
circulatory
system, activates the

Australian Cow Plant,
uterus. used
Ipecacuanha (Indian).
in parageusia and
Gymnema Gymnema sylvestre B. Br. leaves or whole
gymnemagenin,
Meshashringi,
furunculosis.
sylvestre (Asclepiadaceae) plant
gymnemic acids
Meshavishaanikaa,
whole plant—diuretic,
antibilious.
root—
emetic, expectorant,
astringent,
stomachic.
Diuretics
plant contains saponins,
which on hydrolysis yield fruits—diuretic,
sapogenins—diosgenin, demulcent,
gitogenin, chlorogenin, anti-inflammatory,
ruscogenin, anabolic,
Gokshura,
25d-spirosta-3, 5-diene, spasmolytic, muscle
Gokshuraka,
among others. flavonoids— relaxant,
fruit,
Tribulus terrestris, Linn. Kshudra (Laghu)
rutin, quercetin, hypotensive,
Gokhru leaves,
(Zygophyllaceae) Gokharu,
kaempferol, kaempferol-3- hypoglycaemic.
root.
Shvadamshtraa,
glucoside and-rutinoside,
Swaadu-kantaka
and tribuloside have leaf—diuretic,
been isolated fromthe haemostatic.
leaves and fruits.
theseeds contain carboline root—stomachic,
alkaloids— diuretic.
harmane and harmine.
A.A.RAUT 10
harmol is also reported
from the herb.
diuretic,
anti-inflammatory,
antiarthritic,
spasmolytic,
antibacterial
Horse-purslane,
(used for inflammatory
Hogweed,
xanthone, renal diseases,
Boerhavia diffusa, Linn. Rakta-punarnavaa,
beta-ecdysone. nephrotic syndrome,
Punarnava whole plant
(Nyctaginaceae) Punarnavaa,
flavonoid, in cases of ascites
Katthilla,
arbinofuranoside resulting from
Shophaghni.
early cirrhosis of liver
and chronic
peritonitis, dropsy
associated with
chronic bright’s
diseases
Antidysenterics
emetine, cephaeline,
Cephaelis ipecacuanha,
cephaelic acid,
antidysenterics,
Ipecacuanha A. Richard Ipecacuanha. Ipecac dried root
epecacuanhic acid, tannic
emetic
(Rubiacae)
acid, volatile oil, starch,
gum
Antiseptic and disinfectant
benzaldehyde, vanillin
resinous
(1 %), phenylpropyl
Styrax benzoin, Dryander. exudates
antiseptic and
Benzoin Sumatra benzoin
cinnamate, styrol, and
(Styraceoe) obtained by
disinfectant
styracin, cinnamic acid,

injury to the
tree
benzoic acid
Myrrh Commiphora myrrha Nees. African Myrrh, oleo-gum-resin
the gum contains acidic antiseptic and
A.A.RAUT 11
(Burseraceae) Arabian Myrrh,

polysaccharides, volatile oil disinfectant
Balsamodendron
including other
Myrrha,
constituents, eugenol,
Bitter Myrrh,
heerabolene,
Commiphora,
monoterpenes and
furanosequiterpenes.
amorphous resin, a
Neem, leaves,
crystalline, bitter alkaloid insect repellant, bitter
Melia Azadirachta, Linn.
Neem Limb, bark,
(margosine), margosia tonic, antiseptic and
(Meliaceoe)
Nila seed oil.
acid, a crystalline disinfectant
substance and tannin
contains volatile oil 5-10%,
antiseptic and
turmerones which are
disinfectant,
Curcuma Longa, Roxb Turmeric, haridra, the dried
sesquiterpene, ketones,
Curcuma
stomachic, aromatic,
(Zingiberaceae) haldi, halad. rhizome
Curcumin, Curcuminoids,
stimulant; dyspepsia,
bitter principles, sugars,
flatulence
starch, resin.
Antimalarial
quinine, quinidine,
Calisaya Weddell, Linn. Quills or in
Cinchona bark,
cinchonine, cinchonidine,
Cinchona Cinchona officinalis, Linn. curved pieces
of malaria
Jesuit bark.
quinamine, quinic acid,
(Rubiaceae) bark
quinovic acid
Oxytocics
Claviceps purpurea,
alkaloids (ergotamine) oxytocic,
Ergot (Clavicititaceae) Rye ergot dried
sclerotium ergotic/ergotinic acid, hemostatic,
sclerotic motor excitant
Vitamins
Emblica officinalis, Gaertn. Phyllanthus emblica,
vitamin C (ascorbic acid), antianaemic, anabolic,
Amla Fruit
pericarp
(Euphorbiaceae) Aaamalaki, Aaamalaka
zeatin, phyllembin, antiemetic, bechic,
A.A.RAUT 12
minerals and amino acids astringent,
antihaemorrhagic.
Enzymes
digestive in dyspepsia
stomachic,
carminative, diuretic,
Carica Papaya, Linn.
galactagogue. useful
Papaya Papain or Papayotin papain enzyme
plant enzyme
(Caricaceae)
in bleeding piles,
haemoptysis,
dysentery and chronic
diarrhoea.
Perfumes and Flavoring Agents
menthol, menthone,
digestive, carminative,
pulegone, enthofuran,1,8-
chloretic,
cineole, menthyl acetate,
antispasmodic,
isomenthone, the leaves
diuretic,
contain flavonoid
antiemetic, mild
Pudinaa, steam distilled
glycosides, eriocitrin,
Peppermint Mentha piperata, Linn.
sedative, diaphoretic,
Peppermint, Brandy volatile oil of
the luteolin 7-0-rutinoside,
oil (Labiatae; Lamiaceae)
antiseptic, antiviral,
Mint plant
hesperidin, isorhoifolin,
used in
diosmin, eriodictyol 7-O-
many mixtures of
glucoside and narirutin,
indigestion and
besides rosmarinic acid,
colic and cough and
azulenes, cholene,
cold remedies.
carotenes.
antiscorbutic,
volatile oil (about 2.5% of
carminative,
Jambira, Jambh,
the peel) consists of about
stomachic,
Citrus limon, Linn. Jambhir,
75% limonene,
Lemon oil peel oil
antihistaminic,
(Rutaceae) Jaamphal, Nimbu,
alpha-and beta-pinenes,
antibacterial. used
Nimbuka, neebu
alpha-terpinene, citral,
during coughs,
hesperidin, rutin.
colds, influenza and

A.A.RAUT 13
onset of fever
Santalum album, Linn. Chandan, Sandal, Heartwood of
phenols - santalol, borneol, aromatic therapy,
Sandalwood
( Santalaecae) Sandalwood the plant
alcohols - α-norisoborneol perfumary
Miscellaneous
glycyrrhizin 2-8%,
Gan Cao
demulcent,
triterpene saponin,
(root/rhizome),
expectorant,
glycyrrhetinic acid,
Glycyrrhiza glabra L.
antiallergic, anti-
Glycyrrhiza glabra, Linn. root,
isoflavonoids, chalcones,
Liquorice Var. Glabra, G.glabra
inflammatory,
(Papilionaceae, Fabaceae) stolon
coumarins, triterpenoids
L. Subsp. Glandulifera
spasmolytic, mild
and sterols, lignans, amino

(Waldst. & Kit.) Ponert,
laxative, antistress,
acids, amines, gums and

Licorice
antidepressive
volatile oils
disulphide compounds
Ajo, Allium,
allicin (via allinase) anti-microbial

Allium sativum, Linn. Lashuna, Rasona, bulb
Garlic
alliin, diallyl disulphide, hypotensive
(Liliaceae, Alliaceae) Yavaneshta, (clove)
lipids, mucilage, albumin hypolipidemic

Ugragandha
vitamins A, B, C, E.
glycosidal bitter
principle, kutkin found to be
a mixture of two iridoid
in jaundice,
Picrorhiza kurroa,
glycosides, picroside
Katukaa, Katurohini,
intermittent fever,
Picrorhiza Royle ex Benth root
i and kutkoside also
Kutki.
dyspnoea and
(Scrophulariaceae)
obtained were D-mannitol,
skin diseases
kutkiol, kutkisterol
and a ketone (identical with
apocynin).
tubers—used for
ulcer, to
Dioscorea anguina, Roxb.
dioscorine , furanoid
Wild yam, Colic-root,
kill worms in wounds.
Dioscorea Dioscorea bulbifera, Linn. tubers
norditerpenes, contain
Dioscorea villosa
plant parts—
(Dioscoreaceae)
nearly 83% starch
used in whitlow, sores,
boils.
A.A.RAUT 14
inflammation of
mucous membranes
fixed oil 35-40%, tannin, of respiratory,

Linum usitatissimum, Linn. Flaxseed, Flax, Lint-
Linseed ripe seed
amygdalin, mucilage, oleic digestive, and urinary
(Linaceae) bells, Winter lien
acid, linoleic acid organs, renal and
vesical irritation,
catarrh, dysentery,
as galactagogue, for
disorders of female
saponins— genitourinary tract,

Indian asparagus ,
shatavarins I–IV. ulcer-healing agent,

Asparagus racemosus Willd. Shataavari, Shatmuuli,
Shatavari dried root
shatavarin IV is a glycoside intestinal disinfectant
(Asparagaceae) Atirasaa, Bahusutaa,
of sarsasapogenin, and astringent in

Shatpadi, Shatviryaa
sitosterol etc. diarrhea, nervine tonic
and in sexual debility
for spermatogenesis
evolvine,
E. Angustifolius Roxb.
beta-sitosterol, stearic, brain tonic, an aid in

Shankh- Evolvulus alsinoides, Linn. Convolvulus alsinoides aqueous
extract
oleic, linoleic conception, astringent,

pushpi (Convolvulaceae) L. Shankhphuli, of whole plant
acids, pentatriacontane antidysenteric.

Shivakrandi
and triacontane
an acrid, brown resin,

Pellitory,
inulin, anacycline, sialogogue, stimulant,
Anacyclus Pyrethrum, Linn. Officinarum Hayne,
isobutylamide, cordial, rubefacient,
Pyrethrum root
(Compositae) Aakallaka, Aakulakrit,
inulin and a trace of insulin-dependent
Agragraahi
essential diabetes mellitus
oil.
muscle relaxation in
dislocation,
Indian tobacco,
Nicotiana tabacum, Linn.
nicotine strangulated hernia
Tobacco Taamraparna, herb
(Solanaceae )
and orchitis arthralgia,
Dhuumrapatraa
lumbago, rheumatism
and gout
A.A.RAUT 15

Pharmacognosy Notes For D Pharm 1

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Pharmacognosy Notes For D Pharm 1

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

B.S.P.M. INSTITUTE OF PHARMACY AMBAJOGAI. Dist – Beed. (M.S.) INDIA.

acid, emodin, aporetin,

rheumic acid, and

essential oils with alpha-

benzoic acids as major

contains rhein, aloe-

purgative (free from

isormamnetin, both free

principles are largely

derivatives and their

cardiac glycosides found

throught entire plant

vasicoline, adhatodine, cold. cough,

contains volatile oil, stimulant, stomachic,

consisting mainly of delta- carminative,

acids (including caffeic and oil—bactericidal

chlorogenic) and larvicidal.

fennel seed contain volatile carminative,

carvacrol. leaf juice—

seeds yield an essential oil seed - carminative

1,8-cineole and alpha- orexigenic, anti-gripe,

terpinylacetate, with antiasthmatic, bechic,

limonene, alpha-terpineol, oil - antispasmodic,

sabinene and linalool. antiseptic.

essential oil containing

monoterpenes, mainly antiemetic,

consisting of gingerols, bioavailability of

shogaols and related prescription drugs.

piperatine and piperidine;

ferula foetida contains:

and their esters;

terpenes, pinene, cadinene

eugenol and isoeugenol,

bowel complaints and

Syzygium aromaticum (Linn.)

component of the oil, is

dentlines and carious

tannins ─ mainly catechins

and catechu tannic acid, demulcent,

flavonoids ─ quercetin; diuretic,

pigments and intestinal astringent.

Drugs acting on Nervous System

l- scopalomine (tropane antispasmodic,

dry, therefore the plant is inhibitor,

more active when dry) bronchodilator.

starch, sugar, mucilage

cow’s milk for 2–3

days, they exhibit

somniferine, sedative and hypnotic

somniferinine. in anxiety neurosis.

cannabis yields 421 hypnotic, sedative,

chemicals of various analgesic,

of which treating glaucoma

δ -9- tetrahydrocannabinol and as an antiemetic

(thc) is important. in cancer

Plant Name Biological name/ Synonym(s) Other names Part(s) Used

indole alkaloids (more than

reserpine - best known)

vasicoline, adhatodine, cold. cough,

toluene, benzylic benzoate,

Major components of the leaf— expectorant,

carvacrol, nerol and stomachic,

Leaves have been antiasthmatic,