Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Architecture
part_01
Alvar Aalto (3 February 1898 – 11 May 1976)
Hugo Alvar
Henrik Aalto
Finnish
architect and
designer
Alvar Aalto (3 February 1898 – 11 May 1976)
1921, Helsinki
University of
Technology
Alvar Aalto (3 February 1898 – 11 May 1976)
styles of his work:
Nordic
Classicism, Inter‐
national Style
and Modernism,
Organic
Modernist
Alvar Aalto (3 February 1898 – 11 May 1976)
concern for design
as a
”Gesamtkunstwerk”
, a total work of art
Alvar Aalto (3 February 1898 – 11 May 1976)
He utilized texture,
color, and structure
in creative new
ways.
Aalto's designs
were particularly
significant because
of their response to
site, material and
form.
Paimio
Sanatorium (1933)
Paimio, Southwest
Finland
the building
represents the
'modernist' period
of Aalto's career
Aalto's starting
point for the design
of the sanatorium
was to make the
building itself a
contributor to the
healing process.
He liked to call the
building a "medical
instrument"
The Säynätsalo
Town Hall (1951)
Central Finland
a multifunction
building complex
– town hall,
shops, library and
flats
Aalto saw his
buildings as
organisms made of
up of individual cells.
This principle
informed Aalto's use
of traditional
building materials
such as brick which
is, by nature, cellular.
Villa Mairea
Noormarkku, Finland
a villa, guest‐
house, and rural
retreat
The Finlandia Hall
(1971)
is a congress and
event venue in the
center of Helsinki
on the Töölönlahti
Bay
The main feature
of the building is a
tower like section
with a sloping roof.
Aalto’s idea behind
the design was that
a high empty space
would provide
better acoustics.
Aalto used marble in
both indoor and
outdoor surfaces as a
contrast to black
granite.
For Aalto, marble was
a tie to the
Mediterranean
culture, which he
wanted to bring to
Finland.
All the materials
speak the language
of nature, simply
without technically
artificial tones. This
is because Aalto’s
basic view was that
architecture should
create a frame for
human beings
Finlandia Hall features
an optical illusion:
the National
Museum building on
the other side of the
street seems to rise
from the edge of the
Finlandia Hall tower.
The effect is created
by a black trapezium
on the white marble
surface of the
Finlandia Hall tower.
Alvar Aalto (3 February 1898 – 11 May 1976)
Alvar Aalto (3 February 1898 – 11 May 1976)
Alvar Aalto (3 February 1898 – 11 May 1976)
Antoni
Antoni Gaudí i
Cornet
Gaudí
25 June 1852 – 10
June 1926
a Spanish
architect known
as the greatest
exponent
of Catalan
Modernisme
Antoni Gaudí
25 June 1852 – 10
June 1926
studied at the
Escola Superior
d'Arquitectura
Antoni Gaudí
25 June 1852 – 10
June 1926
Gaudí's work was
influenced by his
passions in life:
architecture,
nature, and
religion
Gaudi considered
every detail of his Antoni Gaudí
25 June 1852 – 10
creations and
June 1926
integrated into his
architecture such
crafts as ceramics,
stained glass,
wrought ironwork
forging and
carpentry.
Antoni Gaudí
He also introduced 25 June 1852 – 10
new techniques in June 1926
the treatment of
materials, such
as trencadís which
used waste
ceramic pieces.
Antoni Gaudí
His work 25 June 1852 – 10
transcended June 1926
mainstream
Modernisme,
culminating in an
organic style
inspired by
natural forms.
Antoni Gaudí
Gaudí rarely drew 25 June 1852 – 10
detailed plans of his June 1926
works, instead
preferring to create
them as three‐
dimensional scale
models and
moulding the
details as he
conceived them.
El Capricho
( 1883‐1885)
a villa
in Comillas,
Cantabria, Spain
El Capricho
belongs to the
architect's
orientalist period.
The tower has
been compared to
a minaret.
Casa Vicens
a house
in Barcelona, now
a museum
the first house
designed by
Gaudí
The style of Casa
Vicens is a
reflection of Neo
Mudéjar
architecture
Casa Vicens was
built using a variety
of different
materials and
vibrant colors.
This style was a key
characteristic of
modern
architecture. Some
key elements include
bricks, tiles and iron.
The Palau Güell
(1886‐1888)
is a mansion, for
the industrial
tycoon Eusebi
Güell
features front iron
gates, a parabolic
arch and intricate
patterns of forged
ironwork
resembling
seaweed and in
some parts a
horsewhip
Casa Batlló
a building in the
center
of Barcelona
The local name
for the building
is Casa dels
ossos (House of
Bones), as it has a
visceral, skeletal
organic quality.
The ground floor,
in particular, has
unusual tracery,
irregular oval
windows and
flowing sculpted
stone work.
There are few
straight lines, and
much of the
façade is decorated
with a colorful
mosaic made of
broken ceramic tiles
(trencadís). The roof
is arched and was
likened to the back
of a dragon
or dinosaur.
Sagrada Família
Temple Expiatori
de la Sagrada
Família
(1852–1926)
unfinished Roman
Catholic church
in Barcelona
Gaudí took over as
chief architect,
transforming the
project with his
architectural and
engineering style,
combining Gothic
and curvilinear Art
Nouveau forms
Gaudí's original
design calls for a
total of eighteen
spires, representing
in ascending order
of height theTwelve
Apostles, the Virgin
Mary, the four
Evangelists and,
tallest of all, Jesus
Christ.
Antoni Gaudí (25 June 1852 – 10 June 1926)
Antoni Gaudí (25 June 1852 – 10 June 1926)
Frank Gehry
Frank Owen February 28,
Goldberg 1929
is a Canadian‐
born American
architect,
residing in Los
Angeles
Frank Gehry
February 28,
1929
1954, University
of Southern
California's
School of
Architecture
Frank Gehry
February 28,
works are cited as 1929
being among the
most important
works of
contemporary
architecture
Frank Gehry
February 28,
1929
1989, Gehry was
awarded
the Pritzker
Architecture
Prize
"Always open to
experimentation, he has Frank Gehry
as well a sureness and February 28,
maturity that resists, in
the same way that Picasso
1929
did, being bound either by
critical acceptance or his
successes. His buildings
are juxtaposed collages of
spaces and materials that
make users appreciative of
both the theatre and the
back‐stage,
simultaneously revealed.”
Frank Gehry
February 28,
1929
Gehry's work reflects
a spirit of
experimentation
coupled with a
respect for the
demands of
professional practice..
Frank Gehry
February 28,
1929
Gehry has been
called "the
apostle of chain‐
link fencing and
corrugated
metal siding"
The
Guggenheim
Museum Bilbao
a museum of
modern and
contemporary
art
The museum is
seamlessly integrated
into the urban
context, unfolding its
interconnecting
shapes of stone,
glass and titanium
on a 32,500‐square‐
meter (350,000 sq. ft)
site along
the Nervión River.
"the randomness of
the curves are
designed to catch
the light"
The Walt Disney
Concert Hall
the fourth hall of
the Los Angeles
Music Center
in a cost‐saving
move the originally
designed stone
exterior was
replaced with a less
costly stainless
steel skin
The Dancing
House or Fred
and Ginger
designed by
the Croatian‐Czech
architect Vlado
Milunić in
cooperation
with Canadian‐
American
architect Frank
Gehry
supported by 99
concrete panels,
each a different
shape and
dimension
the Dancing House has
two main parts.
The first is a glass
tower that narrows at
half its height and is
supported by curved
pillars; the second runs
parallel to the river
and is characterized by
undulating mouldings
and unaligned
windows
Frank Gehry February 28, 1929
Frank Gehry February 28, 1929
Frank Gehry February 28, 1929
Frank Lloyd Wright (June 8, 1867 – April 9, 1959)
Frank Lloyd
Wright
was an American
architect,
interior designer,
writer, and
educator
Frank Lloyd Wright (June 8, 1867 – April 9, 1959)
He was educated at
Second Ward
School, Madison
and at the
University of
Wisconsin where he
took some
mechanical drawing
and basic
mathematics
courses.
Frank Lloyd Wright (June 8, 1867 – April 9, 1959)
Wright believed in
designing
structures that
were in harmony
with humanity and
its environment, a
philosophy he
called organic
architecture
Frank Lloyd Wright (June 8, 1867 – April 9, 1959)
use of new
building
materials such
as precast
concrete blocks,
glass bricks, and
zinc cames
Frank Lloyd Wright (June 8, 1867 – April 9, 1959)
Frank Lloyd Wright
was interested in site
and community
planning throughout
his career. His
commissions and
theories on urban
design began as early
as 1900 and continued
until his death.
Johnson Wax
Headquarters
is the world
headquarters and
administration
building of S. C.
Johnson &
Son in Racine,
Wisconsin
the building features
many curvilinear
forms
required over 200
different curved
"Cherokee red"
bricks to create the
sweeping curves of
the interior and
exterior
Robie House
(The Frederick C.
Robie House)
in Chicago,
Illinois
was one of the last
houses Wright
designed in his Oak
Park, Illinois home
and studio and also
one of the last of
his Prairie School
houses
Fallingwater
a house designed
by architect Frank
Lloyd Wright in
1935,
Pennsylvania
dynamism and
integration with
its striking natural
surroundings
strong emphasis
placed on harmony
between man and
nature
The Solomon R.
Guggenheim
Museum
an art museum
located at
Manhattan, New
York City
its unique ramp
gallery extends up
from ground level in
a long, continuous
spiral along the outer
edges of the building
to end just under the
ceiling skylight
The spiral design
recalled
a nautilus shell,
with continuous
spaces flowing
freely one into
another
Frank Lloyd Wright (June 8, 1867 – April 9, 1959)
Frank Lloyd Wright (June 8, 1867 – April 9, 1959)
Frank Lloyd Wright (June 8, 1867 – April 9, 1959)