CHECK FOR CHIMNEY DESIGN USING DESIGN GRADE OF M25

Analysis of chimney for reduced concrete strength

Deisgn parameters
Height of chimney 56 m
Internal diameter of chimney 3 m
Thickness of internal lining 0.2 m
Internal diameter of lining at top 2.4 m
Internal dia of chimney at bottom 3 m
Thk of chimney at bottom 0.325 m
Thk of internal lining at bottom 0.2 m
Internal dia of lining at bottom 2.4 m
External dia of lining at bottom 2.8 m
External dia of chimney at top 3.65 m
External dia of chimney at bottom 3.65 m
Air gap 0.1 m
Thickness of PCC 0.15 m
Sand filling 0.825 m
total height of filling 0.975 m
total height of filling 0.775 m
total height of wall 55 m
Seismic Zone 2
basic wind speed 47 m/s
Zone factor 0.1

Grade of concrete
Pile cap /Raft 25 N/mm2
Chimney shell 25 N/mm2
Hopper,corbel, platform 20 N/mm2
Grade of steel 415 N/mm2
Unit weight
Concrete 25 kN/m3
PCC 24 kN/m3
Sand 18 kN/m3
Brick 20 kN/m3

Chimney Section Details

Height Ht from bottom Ht from Top Shell dimensions Lining

in LVL in M in M Thk OD ID C/C dia THK ID OD
54.5 56 0 0.325 3.65 3 3.325 0.2 2.4 2.8
48 49.5 6.5 0.325 3.65 3 3.325 0.2 2.4 2.8
41.5 43 13 0.325 3.65 3 3.325 0.2 2.4 2.8
35 36.5 19.5 0.325 3.65 3 3.325 0.2 2.4 2.8
28.5 30 26 0.325 3.65 3 3.325 0.2 2.4 2.8
22 23.5 32.5 0.325 3.65 3 3.325 0.2 2.4 2.8
15.5 17 39 0.325 3.65 3 3.325 0.2 2.4 2.8
9 10.5 45.5 0.325 3.65 3 3.325 0.2 2.4 2.8
 4.5 6 50 0.325 3.65 3 3.325 0.2 2.4 2.8
-0.5 1 55 0.325 3.65 3 3.325 0.2 2.4 2.8
-1.5 0 56 0.325 3.65 3 3.325 0.2 2.4 2.8

Load calculation

Level Total load

54.5 0 kN
48 640.27 kN
41.5 1311.04 kN
35 2013.21 kN
28.5 2702.67 kN
22 3404.82 kN
15.5 4171.01 kN
9 4860.48 kN
4.5 5392.6 kN
-0.5 6092.77 kN
-1.5 6179.04 kN

Total load 6179.04 kN

Overturning Moment for Earthquake

For Lined Chimney

Calculation of natural frequency

T= (Ct/3.132)*(W* H/Ec*Ac)^.5

Coefficient based on slenderness ratio Ct Refer table 4.2 ,S N Manohar

Weight of structure including lining and accessories 6179.04 kN
Total height of chimney,H 56 m
Modulus of elasticity Ec at base 33500000000 N/m2 refer IS 4998 part 1 clause A3
Area of cross section at base,Ac 3.3931625 m2
Moment of inertia of shell wall at base ,I base 4.733991869 m4
Radius of gyration ,R= (I/A)^.5 1.181167325 m
Slenderness ration ,K=H/R 47.41072565
Ct 82.8 Refer table 4.2 ,S N Manohar
Cv 1.47 Refer table 4.2 ,S N Manohar

T 1.47 sec
Frequency 0.68 cps
Horizontal Seismic Coefficient, Ah
Z 0.1
I 1.5
R 3
considering 5% structural damping
Sa/g 1.25 Refer IS1893-2002 ,Fig 2 for soft soil
Ah 0.03125
Bending Moment Ah*w*(H/2) 5406.66 kN-m

Overturning Moment due to Wind Load

As per IS:875 Part 3, 1987

Design Wind Speed,Vz Vb*k1*k2*k3

Vb 47 m/s
k1 1.07
k2 Refer IS 875 part 3 table 2, category 2
k3 1
Design Wind Pressure,Pz .6*Vz^2

Drag Coeffecient,Cd 0.8 Refer IS 4998 part 1 clause A4.1

Design Wind Design

Height Basic wind K1 k2 k3 cd A F(kN) lever Arm
wind speed pressure moments
velocity

4.5 47 1.07 1 1 50.29 1,517.45 0.8 16.43 19.9 2.3 44.86

9 47 1.07 1 1 50.29 1,517.45 0.8 16.43 19.9 6.8 134.59
15.5 47 1.07 1.05 1 52.80 1,672.99 0.8 23.73 31.8 12.3 388.98
22 47 1.07 1.08 1 54.31 1,769.95 0.8 23.73 33.6 18.8 629.88
28.5 47 1.07 1.1125 1 55.95 1,878.08 0.8 23.73 35.6 25.3 900.06
35 47 1.07 1.1325 1 56.95 1,946.22 0.8 23.73 36.9 31.8 1,172.82
41.5 47 1.07 1.148 1 57.73 1,999.85 1.05 23.73 49.8 38.3 1,905.57
48 47 1.07 1.165 1 58.59 2,059.52 1.05 23.73 51.3 44.8 2,295.91
54.5 47 1.07 1.1756 1 59.12 2,097.17 1.05 23.73 52.2 51.3 2,677.46

Overturning moment due to wind at top of raft/ Foundation

Mw 10150.137 kNm

Overturning moment for Dynamic Analysis

Hourly wind speed @ +10.00 m lvl V10= Vb*k2

Vb 47 m/s
k2 0.67 refer IS 875 part 3 table 33, category 2
V10 31.49 m/s
Natural frequency,f1 0.68 cps
Total Height 56 m
Size Reduction factor, S 0.253311545 Refer page 7 of IS 4998 part 1 1992 6.17239214
Available Energy,E 0.058277108 105.914525
B 0.760916989
β 0.016 Refer page 2 of IS 4998 part 1 1992
r 0.310822531
vT 1808.449821
gf 4.022020041
Gust Factor G 2.622074619

Design Wind Pressure due to HMW

As per IS :875 (part 3)

Design Wind Speed Vz

Basic Wind Speed
K1 1.07
K3 1
Design Wind pressure .6*Vz^2
Chimney base Base of flue opening
Design
Lever Arm at
Height k2( refer table Design Wind Design moments at
Basic wind K1 k3 cd Fzm(kN/m) Fzf(kN/m) Fzm+Fzf lever Arm Base of
LVL 33,IS875) wind speed pressure moments Base of
velocity opening)
opening)
0
4.5 47 1.07 0.67 1 33.6943 681.18351 0.8 1.99 0.02 2.01 2.25 20.32
9 47 1.07 0.67 1 33.6943 681.18351 0.8 1.99 0.07 2.06 6.75 62.64 0.5 13.92
15.5 47 1.07 0.72 1 36.2088 786.64632 0.8 2.30 0.36 2.66 12.25 211.79 4.25 73.48
22 47 1.07 0.758 1 38.11982 871.87241 0.8 2.55 0.81 3.36 18.75 409.00 10.75 234.50
28.5 47 1.07 0.784 1 39.42736 932.71003 0.8 2.72 1.45 4.18 25.25 685.68 17.25 468.44
35 47 1.07 0.805 1 40.48345 983.34583 0.8 2.87 2.31 5.18 31.75 1,069.80 23.75 800.24
41.5 47 1.07 0.823 1 41.38867 1027.8132 1.05 3.94 4.46 8.40 38.25 2,088.20 30.25 1,651.46
48 47 1.07 0.844 1 42.44476 1080.9346 1.05 4.14 6.27 10.42 44.75 3,030.18 36.75 2,488.47
54.5 47 1.07 0.856 1 43.04824 1111.8906 1.05 4.26 8.32 12.58 51.25 4,191.46 43.25 3,537.18

Overturning moment ,Mw 11,769.08 kNm Overturning moment at base of flue opening 9,267.68 kNm

Check for damping ratio

Force f 110.34 kN/m WEIGHT OF CHIMNEY PER METER

mass m 11,247.71 kgs2/m MASS OF CHIMNEY PER METER
δ 0.09 Refer table 9.1 of SN Manohar
s 1.2 kg/m3 Refer IS 4998 part 1 page 6
d 3.65 m
Ks 126.6395919 Refer IS 4998 part 1
OK Refer page 260 of SN Manohar

Check for G/V ratio

Wt of chimney at level 1 G 6068.7

Volume of chimney above level 1 V 575.1989375
G/v 10.55061059 Refer page 260 of SN Manohar

Check for vortex shedding Not required

P - Δ Analysis
 Deflection at
Load at 1 2 3 4 Node 1 54.5 mtr lvl
1 0.333333333 0.216329261 0.070511677 0.003314984 A X
2 0.216329261 0.147174825 0.051077363 0.002501874 1 1
3 0.070511677 0.051077363 0.021925893 0.001282211 0.7614679 0.76146789
4 0.003314984 0.002501874 0.001282211 0.000187641 0.4036697 0.40366972
0.0825688 0.08256881 Node 2 41.5 mtr lvl
NODAL MASSES

Node 1 65552 Ns2/m 65.552 kNs2/m

Node 2 170241 Ns2/m 170.241 kNs2/m
Node 3 204078 Ns2/m 204.078 kNs2/m
Node 4 134397.5 Ns2/m 134.3975 kNs2/m Node 3 22 mtr lvl

Ist Mode
First cycle
Deflection * EI Deflection(
φr
Load at Mr φr Ft=Mrφr /H3 * 10^3 mm) Refer page 53, SN Manohar Node 4 4.5 mtr lvl
1 65.552 1 65.552 51.99186065 1 71.114367
2 170.241 0.7 119.1687 34.88020272 0.6708781 31.398734
3 204.078 0.3 61.2234 12.06861471 0.2321251 4.6777379
4 134.3975 0.1 13.43975 0.596472078 0.0114724 0.0400318

Second cycle
Deflection * EI Deflection(
Load at Mr(kNs2/m) φr Ft=Mrφr φr Mrφr Mrφr2 Ftφr
/H3 * 10^3 mm)
1 65.552 1 65.552 49.90320414 68.257507 1 65.552 65.552 65.552
2 170.241 0.670878139 114.2109653 33.41326965 20.178819 0.6695616 113.98684 76.3212105 76.4712777
3 204.078 0.232125078 47.3716217 11.4964185 1.0343395 0.2303744 47.014338 10.8308978 10.9132068
4 134.3975 0.011472413 1.541863575 0.564075024 0.0004343 0.0113034 1.5191464 0.01717149 0.01742827
Total 228.07232 152.72128 152.953913

EI/H3 979676.7647
Frequency ω1 4.434122699 rad/s
Time period T1 1.41628918 s

Spectral Acceleration Sa 0.9 m/s2 Refer IS1893-2002 ,Fig 2 for soft soil, 5% damping.
Participation factor pi =∑Mrφr/∑Mrφr2 1.49338928
Modified acceleration 0.201607553 Refer page 47, SN Manohar, Eq 4.9
Inertial force at node 1 13.2157783 kN
Inertial force at node 2 22.98060742 kN
Inertial force at node 3 9.478445578 kN
Inertial force at node 4 0.306271388 kN

Bending Moment 1883.859149 kNm

Second Mode
First cycle ψ 0.3489468

φrap=φra - Deflection *
Load at Mr φr1 φra Mrφrφra φr1ψ1 ψφr1 Ft=Mr*φrapEI /H3 * 10^3 φr
1 65.552 1 1 65.552 0.3489468 0.6510532 42.67784 0.90615719 1
2 170.241 0.669561609 0.1 11.39868379 0.2336414 -0.1336414 -22.75124 -0.20072801 -0.22151566
3 204.078 0.230374356 -0.5 -23.50716888 0.0803884 -0.5803884 -118.4445 -0.76770105 -0.84720517
4 134.3975 0.011303383 -0.1 -0.15191464 0.0039443 -0.1039443 -13.96985 -0.06993652 -0.07717924
∑ 53.29160027

Second cycle
ψ 0.0023186

φrap=φra - Deflection *
Load at Mr φr1 φra Mrφrφra φr1ψ1 ψφr1 Ft=Mr*φrapEI /H3 * 10^3 φr Mrφr Mrφr2 Ftφr
1 65.552 1 1 65.552 0.0023186 0.9976814 65.400014 1.35156316 1 65.552 65.552 65.4000136
2 170.241 0.669561609 -0.221515662 -25.24986982 0.0015524 -0.2230681 -37.97533 -0.30367267 -0.22468256 -38.250184 8.5941492 8.53239513
3 204.078 0.230374356 -0.847205165 -39.83078978 0.0005341 -0.8477393 -173.0049 -1.13480751 -0.83962595 -171.34919 143.869223 145.259439
4 134.3975 0.011303383 -0.077179239 -0.117246563 2.621E-05 -0.0772054 -10.37622 -0.10198532 -0.07545731 -10.141274 0.76523325 0.78296157
∑ 0.354093834 -154.18864 218.780606 219.974809

EI/H3 979676.7647
Frequency ω1 26.99636528
Time period T1 0.232623908 sec

Spectral Acceleration Sa 2
2
Participation factor pi =∑Mrφr/∑Mrφr -0.704763763
Modified acceleration -0.211429129
Inertial force at node 1 -13.85960226
Inertial force at node 2 8.087203026
Inertial force at node 3 36.22820902
Inertial force at node 4 2.144160703

Bending Moment 386.9399239 kNm

Combined Bending Moment 1923.186886 kNm

Bending Moment due to deflection

AT NODE 1 46.61689004 kNm

At NODE 2 53.45351827 kNm
AT NODE 3 9.546233995 kNm
AT NODE 4 0.053801771 kNm
 109.6704441
Additional moment due to deflection 109.6704441 kNm

Design of shell wall (section near flue opening)

Dead load + wind load

Thickness of wall 0.325 m

Dia of bar 25 mm
Spacing of bar 200 mm
Fck 25 N/mm2
Fy 415 N/mm2
Load,P 5296.32 kN
Design Moment,M 9,377.35 kNm
e M/P 1.77
Radius 1.6625 m
scbc 8.325 N/mm2
sst 230 N/mm2
m 11.21
Vertical reinf provided TOR 25 - 66 x 2 = 132 nos. Ast= 64,762.50 mm2
Concrete area (overall cross section) Ac = 3.393E+06 mm2
Ratio of steel to concrete p 0.0191
np mp/1-p 0.2181
e/r 1.0650
Consider shell with one opening
Half angle of opening β 25.5999
c 0.775 Refer chart 7.4 SN Manohar Page 119
ɸ degrees 95 1.6572222 radians
Neutral axis is within the section
fc 7.74 N/mm2 OK Stress < scbc
s when wind from opposite side of opening 0.7166
β 25.5999 µ 0
fs 93.66 N/mm2 OK Stress < sst
s when wind from side of opening 0.5754
β 0µ 25.5999
fs 75.21 N/mm2 OK Stress < sst

Design of shell wall (at foundation top)

Thickness of wall 0.325 m

Dia of bar 25 mm
Spacing of bar 200 mm
Fck 25 N/mm2
Fy 415 N/mm2
Load,P 6179.04 kN
Design Moment,M 11,878.75 kNm
e M/P 1.92
Radius 1.6625 m
scbc 8.33 N/mm2
sst 230 N/mm2
m 11.20
Vertical reinf provided TOR 20 - 51 x 2 = 102 nos. Ast= 32,028.00 mm2
Concrete area (overall cross section) Ac = 3.393E+06 mm2
Ratio of steel to concrete p 0.0094
np mp/1-p 0.1067
e/r 1.1563
Consider shell without opening
Half angle of opening β 0
c 0.6 Refer chart 7.4 SN Manohar Page 119
ɸ degrees 85 1.4827778 radians
Neutral axis is within the section
fc 6.93 N/mm2 OK Stress < scbc
s 0.7157
β 0µ 0
fs 93.54 N/mm2 OK Stress < sst

Temperature Stresses + Dead Load + Wind Load

K1 K1c+K1r Refer chart 5.1 , SN Manohar

k1c 10 W/m2 degree celcius
K1r 15 W/m2 degree celcius
K1 25 W/m2 degree celcius
T 150 degree celcius
To 4 degree celcius
Cc 1.7
Cb 1.15
K2 68 Refer page 57, SN Manohar
t 0.325 m
Dco 3.65 m
Dc 3.325 m
Dci 3 m
Ks 11.21
rq 0.5
Db 2.6
Dbi 2.4
tb 0.2
Ds 3
0.0574967 146 0.03333333 0.13377926 0.02973536 0.05749668 0.00402901
Tc 32.49 degree celcius
F't Fictitious stress due to temp. α*Ec* T/2 Refer page 61 SN Manohar
α 0.000011 Refer IS 4998 part 1
Es 200000 N/mm2
m 11.20
Ec 25,000.00 N/mm2
F't 3.92 N/mm2
m*p= 0.21
(fraction of steel on inner face) k= 0.50
effective depth ratio a= 0.90
Check
Fc comb 11.10 N/mm2 Refer Page 62, SN manohar
fs comb (15.86) N/mm2 (Compressive stress in steel)
Dead Load + Earthquake Load
Design of shell wall (at foundation top)

Thickness of wall 0.325 m

Dia of bar 25 mm
Spacing of bar 200 mm
Fck 25 N/mm2
Fy 415 N/mm2
Load,P 6179.04 kN
Design Moment,M 5,406.66 kNm
e M/P 0.88
Radius 1.6625 m
scbc 8.33 N/mm2
sst 230 N/mm2
m 11.20
Vertical reinf provided TOR 20 - 51 x 2 = 102 nos. Ast= 32,028.00 mm2
Concrete area (overall cross section) Ac = 3.393E+06 mm2
Ratio of steel to concrete p 0.0094
np mp/1-p 0.1067
e/r 0.5263
Consider shell without opening
Half angle of opening β 0
c 0.3 Refer chart 7.4 SN Manohar Page 119
ɸ degrees 160 2.7911111 radians
Neutral axis is within the section
fc 3.46 N/mm2 OK Stress < scbc
s 0.0094
β 0µ 0
fs 1.23 N/mm2 OK Stress < sst

Temperature Stresses + Dead Load + Earthquake Load

K1 K1c+K1r Refer chart 5.1 , SN Manohar

k1c 10 W/m2 degree celcius
K1r 15 W/m2 degree celcius
K1 25 W/m2 degree celcius
T 150 degree celcius
To 4 degree celcius
Cc 1.7
Cb 1.15
K2 68 Refer page 57, SN Manohar
t 0.325 m
Dco 3.65 m
Dc 3.325 m
Dci 3 m
Ks 11.21
rq 0.5
Db 2.6
Dbi 2.4
tb 0.2
Ds 3
0.0574967 146 0.03333333 0.13377926 0.02973536 0.05749668 0.00402901
Tc 32.49 degree celcius
F't Fictitious stress due to temp. α*Ec* T/2 Refer page 61 SN Manohar
α 0.000011 Refer IS 4998 part 1
Es 200000 N/mm2
m 11.20
Ec 25,000.00 N/mm2
F't 3.92 N/mm2
m*p= 0.27
(fraction of steel on inner face) k= 0.50
effective depth ratio a= 0.90
Check
Fc comb 8.64 N/mm2 Refer Page 62, SN manohar
fs comb (6.20) N/mm2 (Compressive stress in steel)

Stresses in circumferential steel

Dia of circumferential steel 8 mm

Spacing of steel 150 mm
k 0.5
Area of circumferential steel 37,512.53 mm2
Area of concrete 3393162.5 mm2 3.3931625
p 0.0111
At the shell
m 11.20
mp 0.1238
Thickness of shell wall 325 mm
cover depth 30 mm
a (t-cover-dia of bar/2)/t 0.8954 Refer page 60, SN Manohar
Tc 32.49 degree celcius
T 28.49 degree celcius
n 0.5661
Tensile stress in steel in cold face fst Refer page 60, SN Manohar
(a-n)*α*Es*Tc 20.64 N/mm2 OK Stress < 0.5fy
Compressive stress in steel in hot face α*T*Es*(a+n-1) 28.92 N/mm2

Maximum compressive stress in concrete nαTEc 4.44 N/mm2 OK Stress < scbc

Crack Width Analysis

With Out Temperature Effect refer Page 176, SN Manohar
Ultimate Axial Load 5561.136 kN
Ultimate Moment 17,818.13 kNm
e/r 1.755640882
q 0.31
n 1.85 refer chart 8.16,SN Manohar
Wu k*fck*(1-p)*r*t*n 12227.89536 kN
acr 105.4247642 mm
Strain 0.000468
h-x 3650 mm
Permissible Crack Width 0.14 mm

With Temperature Gradient

mf't 43.87433767 N/mm2 refer Page 177, SN Manohar

Fst 128.6399879 N/mm2
Strain 0.0006432
h-x 508.95 mm
Permissible Crack Width 0.17 mm