Functions and Relations

CPT Section D Quantitative Aptitude

Chapter 7
Brijeshwar Prasad Gupta
Functions
Domain Range

f
x y =f(x)

A function is an operation performed on an input (x) to produce

an output (y = f(x)).

The Domain of f is the set of all allowable inputs (x values)

The Range of f is the set of all outputs (y values)

Functions
Any mathematical relation between two
or more variables is known as functions

• Y = 3x³ - 5x + 7
• Z = 2x³ - 5xy + 4y3
• here “y” is a function of “x” where “x” is known as
independent variable and “y” is known as
dependent variable
Representation of functions

Function are representation by

• Y = f(x) or y = ф (x)
• Z = g (x,y)
Representation of functions

Example:- If f (x) = X2 – 5 evaluate f(3)

f(-4) f(5) and f(1)

Solutions:- f(x) = X2 – 5
• f(3) = 9-5 = 4
• f(-4) = 16-5 = 11
• f(5) = 25-5 = 20
• f(1) = 1-5 = -4
Types of functions
Even and odd functions:- If a function f(x) is such
that f(-x) = f(x) than it is even function

Where as in odd functions f(-x) = -f(x)

Examples: f(x) = X2 + 2 X4
• f (–x) = (–x )2 + 2 (–x )4 = X2 + 2 X4 = f(x)
• Hence f(x) = X2 + 2 X4 is an even function.
• On the other hand if f(-x) = – f(x) then f(x) is said to be an odd
function
Functions

Examples : f(x) = 5x + 6x3

f(-x) = 5(-x ) + 6(-x)3 = -5x - 6x3 =

-(5x + 6x3) Hence 5x + 6x3 is an odd
function.
Functions

Inverse functions:- if y = f(x) than

• x = g(y)

It is represented by f-1
Functions

Composite functions:- A function

of function is composite function
• y = f(u),u = g(x)
• fog(x)
Periodic functions

A function f (x) in which the range of the

independent variable can be separated
into equal sub intervals such that the
graph of the function is the same in each
Basic function operations

( f + g )( x ) = f ( x ) + g ( x ) Sum

( f – g )( x ) = f ( x ) – g ( x ) Difference

( f g )( x ) = f ( x ) g ( x ) Product

f  f (x)
(f =
g )( x ) =  (x) , g (x) ≠ 0 Quotient
g  g (x)
MCQ’s on Functions
Question Time
MCQ.1
If f(x) and g(x) are two functions of x such that f(x) + g(x) = ex and
f(x) – g(x) = e-x then

a) f(x) is an odd function

b) g(x) is an odd function

c) f(x) is an even function

d) g(x) is an even function

Answer: ( C )
MCQ.2
If f(x) = 5x +1/5x -1 than f(x) is

a)An even function

b) An Odd function

c) Composite function

d)None of these

Answer. (b)
MCQ.3

if f(x)=2x2 -5x+4 than 2f(x)=f(2x)

for
• a) x=1
• b) X=-1
Answer: (c )
• c)X=±1
• d) None of these
MCQ.4

If f(x)=log x (x>0) then f(p)

+f(q)+ f(r) is
• a) f(p q r )
• b) f(p) f(q) f(r)
• c) F(1/p q r) Answer: (a)

• d) None of These
MCQ.5

if f(x)=2x2 -5x+4 then the value of

f(4+h)-f(4)/h
• a) 11-2h
• b) 11+2h
Answer. (b)
• c) 2h-11
• d)None of these
MCQ.6

If y=h(x)=px-q/qx-p then x
equals to
• a) h(1/y)
• b) h(-y)
• c) h(y) Answer. (c )

• d) None of these
MCQ.7

if f(x)=1-x/1+xthen f(f(1/x)) is equals to

• a)1/x
• b) x
• c) -1/x Answer. (a)

• d) None of these
MCQ:8

if f(x)=x+3, g(x)=x2 then g of (x) is

• a)(x+3)2
• b)X2 + 3
• c)x2 (x+3) Answer. (a)
• d) None of these
MCQ.9
If f(x)=1/1-x then f-1 (x) is

a) 1-x

b)X-1/x

c) x/x-1

d) None of these

Answer: (b)
MCQ.10

The Domain of {(1,7),(2,6)} is

• a){1,6}
• b){7,6}
• c){1,2} Answer.(c )
• d) {6,7}
MCQ.11
The range of {(3,0),(2,0),(1,0),(0,0)} is

a){0,0}

b) {0}

c) {0,0,0,0}

d)None of these.

Answer. (b)
MCQ.12
The inverse h-1 when h(x) = log x is

a) log x

b) 10x

c) Log 1/x

d) None of these

Answer. (b)
Relations
Relations
If the elements of two set are related by
some mathematical relations (say) >,<,= etc.
• It is represented by either (a,b) or a R b

Example :-
• A = {1,2,3}
• B = {1,2,3……10}
• Relation :- perfect square
• 1 R 1, 2 R 4, 3 R 9
Relations
Example:- A = {1,2,3}
• B = {1,2,3……10}

Relation :- perfect square

1 R 1, 2 R 4, 3 R 9

Relation:- >(greater than)

2 R 1, 3 R 1, 3 R 2
Types of Relations
Reflexive Relation

Symmetric Relation

Transitive Relation

Equivalence Relation
Reflexive Relation

Let s = (a,b,c…..)be any set then the relation R

is a subset of the product set SxS
• If R contains all ordered pairs of the form (a,a) in SxS,
then R is called reflexive. In a reflexive relation ‘a’ is
related to itself
• Example:- ‘Is equal to’ is a reflexive relation for a = a is
true
Symmetric Relation

If (a,b) => R ∈ (b,a) ∈ R for every

a,b ∈ S then R is called symmetric
• Example:- a=b =>b = a. Hence the
relation ‘is equal to’ is a symmetric
relation.
 Transitive Relation

If (a,b,) ∈ R and (b,c) ∈ R => (a,c) => R for every

a,b,c ∈ S then R is called Transitive Relation
• Example:- a=b, b=c, => a=c, Hence the relation ‘is equal to’
is transitive relation
 Equivalence Relation

A relation which is reflexive symmetric and

transitive is called an equivalence relation or
simply an equivalence, ‘is equal to’ is an
equivalence relative.
• Simply, the relation “is parallel to” on the set S of all
straight lines in a plane is an equivalence relation.
.
MCQ’s on Relation
MCQ.1
“is smaller then“ over the set of eggs in a box is

a) Transitive (T)

b) Symmetric (S)

c) Reflexive (R)

d) Equivalence (E)

Answer. (a)
MCQ.2

“Is perpendicular to” over the set of

straight lines in a given plane is
• a)R
• b)S
• c) T
• d) E

Answer. (b)
MCQ.3

“Is the Square of” over the

set of real numbers is
• a) R
• b) S
Answer:d
• c) T
• d) None of these
Thank You