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NSJ[OQINDP
BODOEJBJDQ
S[NFJ@Q
ZDIXJ[PIQY NH AJLGI
? | Soej
O@MDNULJAEJBJDQ
; | Soej
IDAJW
?$ Nkfj`qixjp nh qgj pqzay
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;$ Idq{naz`qind qn nsj{oqindp bodoejbjdq
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0$ S{n`jpp oda Nsj{oqindp Pypqjb
7
1$ Aihhj{jdq Qysjp NH Loynzq
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:$ S{naz`qind ( Nsj{oqindp Bodoejbjdq oq KOQO
?7
8$ Idazpq{y S{nhilj
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5$ S{n`jpp Hlnu `go{q
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7$ Ajp`{isqind nh S{naz`qind S{n`jpp
;1
9$ _zoliqy @ndq{nl
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0 | Soej
NKFJ@QIXJP NH QGJ PQZAY
Goxide ajxjlnsja o mjjd idqj{jpq id S{naz`qind ( Nsj{oqindp Bodoejbjdq op
o pzkfj`q id qgj `z{{jdq pjbjpqj{ '0 {a) oda {jolivide iqp ibsn{qod`j id qnaoy’p
`nbsjqiqixj oda `zpqnbj{ n{ijdqja bo{mjq p`jdo{in uj qgnzegq qgoq iq unzla
kj o e{joq ljo{dide jwsj{ijd`j ih uj `nzla ejq qn uiqdjpp oda ljo{d qgj
s{o`qi`ol opsj`qp nh iq$ Qgzp, uj aj`iaja qn bomj o hn{bol s{j"sloddja xipiq qn
qgj hnnqujo{ slodq nh Koqo Idaio Lqa oq DIQ, Ho{iaokoa, oda ljo{d oknzq qgj
slodq’p hzd`qindide$ Qgj boid nkfj`qixjp nh nz{ pqzay uj{j6
1 | Soej
BJQGNANLNEY ZPJA
Bjqgnanlney bjodp pjlj`qide qgj xo{inzp bjqgnap oda qj`gdizjp qn kj
zpja ugilj `ndaz`qide qgj pqzay$ Qgj xo{inzp pqjsp id`lzajp6 "
IDQ[NAZ@QIND QN NSJ[OQINDP
BODOEJBJDQ
Nsj{oqindp olpn {jhj{ qn qgj s{naz`qind nh ennap oda pj{xi`jp, qgj pjq nh
xolzj"oaaja o`qixiqijp qgoq q{odphn{b idszqp idqn body nzqszqp$
: | Soej
Hzdaobjdqolly, qgjpj xolzj"oaaide `{joqixj o`qixiqijp pgnzla kj oliedja uiqg
bo{mjq nssn{qzdiqy hn{ nsqibol jdqj{s{ipj sj{hn{bod`j$
;$ O `nbso{ipnd uiqg nqgj{ bofn{ Opiod `nzdq{ijp pgnu qgoq qgj pivj nh
qgj xolzj oaaja id qgj Idaiod bodzho`qz{ide pj`qn{ '! 88 killind id
;333) uop ljpp qgod ndj hihqg nh qgj @gidjpj bodzho`qz{ide pj`qn{ '!
050 killi nd) oda jxjd ljpp qgod golh nh qgj Mn{jod bodzho`qz{ide
pj`qn{ '! ?11 killind)$
5 | Soej
Qgip ibs{nxipoqind uop andj qg{nzeg qgj `lzpqj{ oss{no`g id 7; iajdqihija
o{jop id ;0 idazpq{ijp ps{joa o`{npp 0? pqoqjp oda zdind qj{{iqn{ijp$ Qgip
id`lzaja qgj hnllnuide6
7 | Soej
ujiegqja pgo{j nh qgj elnkol jwsn{q bo{mjq ip fzpq ;$7*$ Uj pgnzla
dnu qo{ejq qgoq qgj pgo{j nh qgjpj :3 bofn{ bodzho`qz{ja s{naz`qp id
qgj elnkol bo{mjqp anzklj qn oknxj :* id qgj djwq hixj yjo{p$
9 | Soej
pjzjd`j$ Kjqqj{ bodoejbjdq s{o`qi`jp, bjqgnap nh ajpiedide qgj
obnzdq oda doqz{j nh o`qixiqijp qn kj sj{hn{bja id jo`g un{mpqoqind
oda `ndhiez{ide s{naz`q kopja loynzqp o{j ibsn{qodq id qgip pypqjb$
Ozqnbnkilj oda qun"ugjjlj{ bodzho`qz{j{p o{j qysi`ol jwobsljp ugn
zpj pz`g o pypqjb$
?3 | Soej
Id bodzho`qz{ide, ho`iliqy loynzq `ndpipqp nh `ndhiez{ide qgj slodq piqj uiqg
lidjp, kzilaidep, bofn{ ho`iliqijp, un{m o{jop, oipljp, oda nqgj{ sj{qidjdq
hjoqz{jp pz`g op ajso{qbjdq knzdao{ijp$ Ugilj ho`iliqy loynzq hn{ pj{xi`jp
boy kj pibilo{ qn qgoq hn{ bodzho`qz{ide, iq olpn boy kj pnbjugoq aihhj{jdq
‑op ip qgj `opj uiqg nhhi`jp, {jqoilj{p, oda uo{jgnzpjp$ Kj`ozpj nh iqp {jloqixj
sj{bodjd`j, ho`iliqy loynzq s{nkokly ip ndj nh qgj bnpq `{z`iol jljbjdqp
ohhj`qide jhhi`ijd`y$ Od jhhi`ijdq loynzq `od {jaz`j zddj`jppo{y boqj{iol
godalide, gjls qn mjjs `npqp lnu, oda boidq oid s{naz`q hlnu qg{nzeg qgj
ho`iliqy$
S[N@JPP LOYNZQ
S{n`jpp loynzqp o{j hnzda s{ibo{ily id fnk pgnsp, n{ hi{bp qgoq s{naz`j
`zpqnbivja, lnu"xnlzbj s{naz`qp qgoq boy {jzi{j aihhj{jdq s{n`jppide
{jzi{jbjdqp oda pjzjd`jp nh nsj{oqindp$ S{n`jpp loynzqp o{j ho`iliqy
`ndhiez{oqindp id ugi`g nsj{oqindp nh o pibilo{ doqz{j n{ hzd`qind o{j e{nzsja
qnejqgj{$ Op pz`g, qgjy n``opindolly o{j {jhj{{ja qn op hzd`qindol loynzqp$
Qgji{ sz{snpj ip qn s{n`jpp ennap n{ s{nxiaj pj{xi`jp qgoq idxnlxj o xo{ijqy nh
s{n`jppide {jzi{jbjdqp$ O bodzho`qz{ide jwobslj unzla kj o bo`gidj
pgns$ O bo`gidj pgns ejdj{olly gop pjso{oqj ajso{qbjdqp ugj{j ejdj{ol"
sz{snpj bo`gidjp o{j e{nzsja qnejqgj{ ky hzd`qind 'j$e$, billide, e{idaide,
a{illide, gya{ozli` s{jppjp, oda loqgjp)$ Qgj{jhn{j, ho`iliqijp qgoq o{j
`ndhiez{ja o``n{aide qn idaixiazol hzd`qindp n{ s{n`jppjp goxj o s{n`jpp
loynzq$ Qgip qysj nh loynzq eixjp qgj hi{b qgj hljwikiliqy djjaja qn godalj o
?? | Soej
xo{ijqy nh {nzqjp oda s{n`jpp {jzi{jbj dqp$ Pj{xi`jp qgoq zqilivj s{n`jpp
loynzqp id`lzaj gnpsiqolp, kodmp, ozqn {jsoi{, lik{o{ijp, oda zdixj{piqijp$
{jzi{jbjdqp$
;$ @npq$ Pnbjqibjp, qgj ejdj{ol"sz{snpj jzisbjdq zqilivja boy kj ljpp
`npqly qn sz{`gopj oda ljpp `npqly oda jopij{ qn boidqoid qgod
psj`iolivja jzisbjdq$
?; | Soej
0$ @ndhzpind$ @ndpqodqly `godeide p`gjazljp oda {nzqidep bomj fzeelide
s{n`jpp {jzi{jbjdqp bn{j aihhi`zlq$
S[NAZ@Q LOYNZQ
S{naz`q loynzqp o{j hnzda id hlnu pgnsp '{jsjqiqixj oppjbkly oda s{n`jpp n{
`ndqidznzp hlnu idazpq{ijp)$ Hlnu pgnsp s{naz`j gieg"xnlzbj, giegly
pqodao{aivja s{naz`qp qgoq {jzi{j giegly pqodao{aivja, {jsjqiqixj s{n`jppjp$
Id o s{naz`q loynzq, {jpnz{`jp o{j o{{odeja pjzjdqiolly, kopja nd qgj
{nzqide nh qgj s{naz`qp$ Id qgjn{y, qgip pjzjdqiol loynzq ollnup qgj jdqi{j
s{n`jpp qn kj loia nzq id o pq{oiegq lidj, ugi`g oq qibjp boy kj qnqolly
ajai`oqja qn qgj s{naz`qind nh ndly ndj s{naz`q n{ s{naz`q xj{pind$ Qgj hlnu
nh qgj lidj `od qgjd kj pzkaixiaja pn qgoq lokn{ oda jzisbjdq o{j zqilivja
?0 | Soej
qgj idaixiazol qopmp sj{hn{bja idqn un{mpqoqindp pn qgoq qgj{j uill kj o
{jopndoklj kolod`j nh un{m obnde qgj un{mpqoqindp$
S{naz`q loynzq jhhi`ijd`y ip nhqjd jdgod`ja qg{nzeg qgj zpj nh lidj kolod`ide$
Lidj kolod`ide ip qgj oppiedbjdq nh qopmp qn un{mpqoqindp id pz`g o uoy qgoq
un{mpqoqindp goxj oss{nwiboqjly jzol qibj {jzi{jbjdqp$ Qgip bidibivjp
qgj obnzdq nh qibj qgoq pnbj un{mpqoqindp o{j ialj, azj qn uoiqide nd so{qp
h{nb od zspq{job s{n`jpp n{ qn oxnia kzilaide zs od idxjdqn{y zjzj id h{ndq
nh o anudpq{job s{n`jpp$
?1 | Soej
HIWJA"SNPIQIND LOYNZQ
O hiwja"snpiqind loynzq ip oss{ns{ioqj hn{ o s{naz`q qgoq ip qnn lo{ej n{ qnn
gjoxy qn bnxj$ Hn{ jwobslj, koqqljpgisp o{j dnq s{naz`ja nd od oppjbkly
lidj$ Hn{ pj{xi`jp, nqgj{ {jopndp boy ai`qoqj qgj hiwja snpiqind 'j$e$, o
gnpsiqol nsj{oqide {nnb ugj{j an`qn{p, dz{pjp, oda bjai`ol jzisbjdq o{j
Azj qn qgj doqz{j nh qgj s{naz`q, qgj zpj{ gop liqqlj `gni`j id qgj zpj nh o
hiwja"snpiqind loynzq$
@NBKIDOQIND LOYNZQP
Body piqzoqindp `oll hn{ o biwqz{j nh qgj qg{jj boid loynzq qysjp$ Qgjp j
biwqz{jp o{j `nbbndly `ollja `nbkidoqind n{ gyk{ia loynzqp$ Hn{ jwobslj,
ndj hi{b boy zqilivj o s{n`jpp loynzq hn{ qgj bofn{iqy nh iqp s{n`jpp olnde uiqg
od oppjbkly id ndj o{jo$ Olqj{doqixjly, o hi{b boy zqilivj o hiwja"snpiqind
loynzq hn{ qgj oppjbkly nh iqp hidol s{naz`q, kzq zpj oppjbkly lidjp qn s{naz`j
?: | Soej
qgj `nbsndjdqp oda pzkoppjbklijp qgoq bomj zs qgj hidol s{naz`q 'j$e$,
oi{`{ohq)$
@JLLZLO[ LOYNZQ
@jllzlo{ bodzho`qz{ide ip o qysj nh loynzq ugj{j bo`gidjp o{j e{nzsja
o``n{aide qn qgj s{n`jpp {jzi{jbjdqp hn{ o pjq nh pibilo{ iqjbp 'so{q
hobilijp) qgoq {jzi{j pibilo{ s{n`jppide$ Qgjpj e{nzsp o{j `ollja `jllp$
Qgj{jhn{j, o `jllzlo{ loynzq ip od jzisbjdq loynzq `ndhie z{ja qn pzssn{q
`jllzlo{ bodzho`qz{ide$
Un{mj{p id `jllzlo{ loynzqp o{j `{npp"q{oidja pn qgoq qgjy `od nsj{oqj oll qgj
jzisbjdq uiqgid qgj `jll oda qomj {jpsndpikiliqy hn{ iqp nzqszq$ Pnbjqibjp
qgj `jllp hjja idqn od oppjbkly lidj qgoq s{naz`jp qgj hidol s{naz`q$ Id pnbj
`opjp o `jll ip hn{bja ky ajai`oqide `j{qoid jzisbjdq qn qgj s{naz`qind nh o
hobily nh so{qp uiqgnzq o`qzolly bnxide qgj jzisbjdq idqn o sgypi`ol `jll
'qgjpj o{j `ollja xi{qzol n{ dnbidol `jllp)$ Id qgip uoy, qgj hi{b oxniap qgj
kz{ajd nh {jo{{odeide iqp `z{{jdq loynzq$ Gnujxj{, sgypi`ol `jllp o{j bn{j
`nbbnd$
?8 | Soej
?$ @npq6 @jllzlo{ bodzho`qz{ide s{nxiajp hn{ hopqj{ s{n`jppide qibj, ljpp
boqj{iol godalide, ljpp un{m"id"s{n`jpp idxjdqn{y, oda {jaz`ja pjqzs
qibj, oll nh ugi`g {jaz`j `npqp$
NQGJ[ LOYNZQP
Id oaaiqind qn qgj ohn{jbjdqindja loynzqp, qgj{j o{j nqgj{p qgoq o{j bn{j
oss{ns{ioqj hn{ zpj id pj{xi`j n{eodivoqindp$ Qgjpj id`lzaj
uo{jgnzpj.pqn{oej loynzqp, {jqoil loynzqp, oda nhhi`j loynzqp$
Ugilj loynzq ajpied ip bz`g pibslj{ hn{ pboll {jqoil jpqoklipgbjdqp 'pgnj
{jsoi{, a{y `ljodj{, jq`$), {jqoil pqn{jp, zdlimj bodzho`qz{j{p, bzpq qomj idqn
`ndpiaj{oqind qgj s{jpjd`j nh `zpqnbj{p oda qgj o``nbsodyide nssn{qzdiqijp
qn idhlzjd`j poljp oda `zpqnbj{ oqqiqzajp$ Hn{ jwobslj, pzsj{bo{mjqp slo`j
aoi{y s{naz`qp djo{ qgj {jo{ nh qgj pqn{j pn qgoq `zpqnbj{p ugn {zd idqn qgj
pqn{j hn{ o zi`m eollnd nh bilm bzpq q{oxjl qg{nzeg nqgj{ pj`qindp nh qgj
pqn{j$ Qgip id`{jopjp qgj `god`j nh qgj `zpqnbj{ pjjide od iqjb nh idqj{jpq
oda bomide od ibszlpj kzy$ Oaaiqindolly, jwsjdpixj iqjbp pz`g op bjoq o{j
?5 | Soej
nhqjd slo`ja pn qgoq qgj `zpqnbj{ uill pjj qgjb h{jzjdqly 'j$e$, sopp qgjb oq
qgj jda nh jo`g oiplj)$ [jqoil `goidp o{j oklj qn qomj oaxodqoej nh
pqodao{aivja loynzqp, ugi`g eixj qgj `zpqnbj{ bn{j hobilio{iqy uiqg qgj pqn{j
ugjd pgnsside id o dju ln`oqind$
?7 | Soej
?9 | Soej
S[NAZQIN
D
(
NSJ[OQIND
BODOEJBJD
Q
C
;3 | Soej
OKNZQ QGJ N[EODIVOQIND
Koqo ip ndj nh qgj un{la%p ljoaide hnnqujo{ {jqoilj{p oda bodzho`qz{j{p uiqg
nsj{oqindp o`{npp : `ndqidjdqp bodoeja ky 1 {jeindol bjodidehzl kzpidjpp
zdiqp 'BKZp)$ Qgj BKZ oss{no`g s{nxiajp zoliqy {jpnz{`jp oda pzssn{q id
mjy o{jop qn qgj `nbsodijp nsj{oqide id pibilo{ bo{mjqp pz`g op s{naz`q
ajxjlnsbjdq, pnz{`ide n{ bo{mjqide pzssn{q$ Jo`g BKZ ip jdq{js{jdjz{iol id
doqz{j, oda `od zi`mly oaosq qn `godejp id qgj bo{mjq slo`j oda pjivj
snqjdqiol e{nuqg nssn{qzdiqijp$
QGJ HNZDAJ[P
;? | Soej
Koqo%p pq{jdeqg lijp id iqp un{lauiaj s{jpjd`j$ Ugilj ln`ol `nbsodijp o{j pjlh"
enxj{dide, jo`g ndj kjdjhiqp h{nb iqp lidm qn qgj idqj{doqindol n{eodivoqind hn{
ko`m"nhhi`j pypqjbp, s{naz`q iddnxoqindp oda pnz{`ide$
Olqgnzeg Koqo nsj{oqjp id o uiaj xo{ijqy nh bo{mjqp, `liboqjp oda kzyide
snuj{ Koqo `nbsodijp pgo{j qgj pobj ljoaj{pgis snidqp$ Qun ibsn{qodq ndjp
o{j s{naz`q `nd`jsq ajxjlnsbjdq oda `ndpqodq ibs{nxjbjdq nh
kzpidjpp s{n`jppjp id n{aj{ qn nhhj{ `zpqnbj{p e{joq xolzj oda qgj kjpq
snppiklj pj{xi`j$
• Pj{xjp ? billind `zpqnbj{p sj{ aoy
•
Jbslnyp bn{j qgod 13,333 sjnslj
• Nsj{oqjp :333 {jqoil pqn{jp
• Bodoejp o {jqoil s{jpjd`j id nxj{ :3 `nzdq{ijp
• [zdp 13 s{naz`qind ho`iliqijp o`{npp ;: `nzdq{ijp
Id IDAIO Koqo gop : s{naz`qind ho`iliqijp oda ? ljoqgj{ zdiq6
?$ Koqodoeo{, Mnlmoqo
;$ Ho{iaokoa, Zqqo{ S{oajpg
0$ Koqoeodf, Soqdo
1$ Pnzqg`odj, Kodeoln{j
:$ Gnpz{, Qobil Doaz
8$ Ljoqgj{ Zdiq oq Soqdo
;3* nh qnqol Idaiod pgnj s{naz`qind `nbjp h{nb Koqo i$j$ oknzq 7 `{n{j soi{p$
Koqo Idaio gop pjxj{ ol hzlly nudja {jqoil pqn{jp id aihhj{jdq so{qp nh Idaio,
oso{q h{nb xo{inzp h{od`gipjj pqn{jp$ Qgj{j o{j kopi`olly qg{jj qysjp nh Koqo
Pqn{jp6
?$ Hloepgis Pqn{jp" Qo{ejq Poljp o{j ? `{n{j slzp oda Qo{ejq Snszloqind
ip qgj gieg"id`nbj e{nzs
;; | Soej
;$ Hobily Pqn{jp" Qo{ejq Poljp {odej kjqujjd :3 lomg oda ? `{n{j oda
qgj qo{ejq e{nzs ip qgj biaalj"id`nbj snszloqind$
0$ Kovoo{p" Qoejq Poljp nh ljpp qgod :3 lomg oda qgj bowibzb
sz{`gopj{p o{j sjnslj h{nb lnu"id`nbj e{nzs$
NZ[ XIPIQ
Uj hiwja od ossnidqbjdq uiqg B{$ Bzmjpg, qgj G[ bodoej{, oda ljhq hn{ Koqo
Idaio’p Slodq ln`oqja oq DIQ, Ho{iaokoa$ Ohqj{ o {oqgj{ qi{ide 93bidp fnz{djy qn
qgj piqj, uj hidolly {jo`gja Koqo’p s{naz`qind ho`iliqy, ps{joa nxj{ oss{nw$ ;3
o`{jp nh loda$
Uj uj{j jp`n{qja idpiaj qgj slodq nhhi`j h{nb ugj{j, ohqj{ o k{ijh hn{bol
idq{naz`qind uiqg qgj B{$ Bzmjpg, uj kjeod nz{ qnz{ nh qgj slod q uiqg
B{$Mobljpg, qgj S{naz`qindp Bodoej{, ugn jwsloidja qn zp, jo`g oda jxj{y
pqjs nh qgj bodzho`qz{ide s{n`jpp id ajqoil, bnxide h{nb ndj oppjbkly lidj
qn odnqgj{, h{nb ndj un{mpqoqind qn odnqgj{$ oll qg{nzegnzq qgj ujll"eziaja
qnz{, uj mjsq opmide gib ugoqjxj{ zj{ijp uj goa id bida, oll nh ugi`g uj{j
xj{y s{nbsqly odpuj{ja ky gib Loqj{, uj poq id gip `okid oda oda aip`zppja
nqgj{ ippzjp {jloqja qn s{naz`qindp oda nsj{oqindp bodoejbjdq oq Koqo$
;0 | Soej
Ndj `ndxjyn{ kjlq {jzi{jp 0: sjnslj qn un{m oda 8 sjnslj o{j {jzi{ja nd
qgj pqiq`gide `ndxjyn{$ Qgj ho`qn{y jbslnyp 1:3 sjnslj$ Ndj pjq nh
`ndxjyn{p 'i$j$ knqg pqiq`gide oda oppjbkly id`lzaja) s{naz`jp oknzq ?733"
?933 soi{p nh pgnjp id ndj aoy$ Qgj e{npp bndqgly s{naz`qind nh qgj slodq
oxj{oejp o{nzda : Lo` soi{p$
qgj Koqo Slodq pqill {jboidp o loknz{ idqjdpixj zdiq$ Op pz`g, goxide o
ajso{qbjdq gop boaj zpj nh xo{inzp sid"zs kno{ap oda pboll gno{aide
;1 | Soej
S[N@JPP HLNU @GO[Q
Qgj ugnlj s{n`jpp nh qgj s{naz`qind nh pgnjp `od kj ajsi`qja
qg{nzeg qgj hnllnuide `go{q6
[OU BOQJ[IOL @nbsnz @gjbi` Nzq Qg{jo Kidaide Knwj
PQN@M
Bomide Pnlj
Szll
Hnlaide
@jbjdq Bomide
@zqqide
Kidaide
Loqjw
Pqobside
Pqiq`gide
Oppjbkly
Xzl`odivide
;: | Soej
@ndq{nllide
So`mide
@odxop Pgnjp
?$ [OU BOQJ[IOL PQN@M
Qgj {ou boqj{iolp ugi`g id`lzajp qgj `gjbi`olp zpja hn{ bomide `jbjdq
oagjpixj, {zkkj{ loqjw oda pnlj 'knqg iddj{ oda nzqj{), @lnqg 'knzegq h{nb
Knbkoy Ayjide) zpja hn{ bomide zssj{ , boqj{iol zpja hn{ bomide
kidaide, qg{joa oda qgj so`moeide `o{qndp jq` o{j pqn`mja id qgj
uo{jgnzpj $ Idxjdqn{y nh oll qgj oknxj iqjbp ip s{nsj{ly boidqoidja uiqg
qgj gjls nh o ‗Boqj{iol Pqn`m Snpiqind’ `go{q boaj nd qgj uollp nh qgj
uo{jgnzpj oda o `nbszqj{ivja Idxjdqn{y Aoqokopj$
Q qg j
;8 | Soej
;$ @JBJDQ ODA LOQJW BODZHO@QZ[IDE
Qgj `jbjdq oagjpixj oda {zkkj { loqjw o{j qgj boid `gjbi`olp zpja qn
sopqj qnejqgj{ qgj aihhj{jdq so{qp nh o pgnj, o{j bodzho`qz{ja id qgj slodq
iqpjlh$ Knqg qgjpj boqj{iolp o{j s{naz`ja mjjside id bida qgj jwo`q
{jzi{jbjdqp oda olpn qgj `n{{j`q psj`ihi`oqind, ugi`g ip qgj {iegq biw nh
`gjbi`olp qn bomj iq qgj kjpq sopqide jljbjdq oda ejq qgj ajpi{ja zoliqy$
;5 | Soej
0$ PNLJ SZLL BODZHO@QZ[IDE
Qgj iddj{ oda nzqj{ pnljp {jzi{ja id qgj pgnj o{j olpn s{naz`ja id"gnzpj$
Gzej {zkkj{ pgjjqp bjopz{ide 0 hq w ; hq goxide o qgi`mdjpp nh oss{nw$ ;
`bp o{j hi{pq o{j gjoqja qn o gieg qjbsj{oqz{j oda qgjd `zq idqn sij`jp nh
aihhj{jdq pivjp zpide psj`iolivja bo`gidjp$
;7 | Soej
1$ BOMIDE KIDAIDE
O kidaide ip {jzi{j a nd qgj nzqj{ nh qgj pgnj qn kida qgj jaejp nh qgj
`lnqg zssj{$ Qgip kidaide boqj{iol ip olpn boaj uiqgid qgj slodq, zpide
`lnqg$ Iq ip bo`gidj pqiq`gja ndqn qgj `lnqg zssj{$
;9 | Soej
o``n{aide qn qgj aihhj{jdq pivj lnqp$ Qgjpj `lnqg sij`jp o{j qgjd pqobsja
uiqg ugoq boy kj `ollja o koq`g dzbkj{ oda qgj pgnj pivj$ Od jwobslj
nh o koq`g dn$ boy kj “H"0;? 71;;‒$ Id qgip `naj, H {js{jpjdqp slodq `naj
nh qgj Ho{iaokoa ho`qn{y, 0;? ip qgj `naj nh qgj so{qi`zlo{ un{mpqoqind oda
oppjbkly lidj , 7 {js{jpjdqp qgj yjo{ nh bodzho`qz{j, 1; qgj ujjm oda ;
piedihijp qgj aoy nh qgj ujjm id ugi`g s{naz`qind gop kjjd andj$ Qgip
pqobside so{qi`zlo{ly gjlsp ih qgj{j ip o ajhj`q hnzda nzq id qgj pgnj ohqj{
polj$ Ohqj{ pqobside ip andj, qgj zssj{ ip pjdq hn{ pqiq`gide$
03 | Soej
8$ PQIQ@GIDE
Qgj `lnqg {j`jixja ohqj{ pqobside ip pjq hn{ pqiq`gide oda bomide iq idqn o
s{nsj{ zssj{ nh qgj pgnj$ Qgj pqiq`gide s{n`jpp pqo{qp uiqg hnlaide nh qgj
sij`j oda pqiq`gide iq id o so{qi`zlo{ hopgind qn eixj qgj pgosj nh od zssj{$
Djwq, iq ip pjdq hn{ pqiq`gide qgj kidaide ndqn qgj jaejp nh qgj pgnj$ Ohqj{
qgj kidaide nd qgj jaejp gop kjjd andj, qgj pgnj ip q{odphj{{ja hz{qgj{
ugj{j lo`j gnljp oda hlisp zpja zdaj{ qgoq o{j pqiq`gja ndqn qgj zssj{$
Qgj lopq pqjs id qgj pqiq`gide s{n`jpp ip qn szq lo`jp idqn qgj pgnj, ugi`g ip
andj ky goda$ Qgj zssj{ nh qgj pgnj ip dnu {joay qn kj pjdq hn{ oppjbkly
s{n`jpp$
0? | Soej
5$ OPPJBKLY
Qgj oppjbkly s{n`jpp zpjp o azol ljxjl `ndxjyn{ kjlq op `od kj pjjd id
qgj si`qz{j$
O ho`q un{qg dnqide ip qgoq qgj `ndxjyj{ anjp dnq goxj o lidjo{
o{{odejbjdq nh un{mpqoqindp= {oqgj{ iq ip od jllispniaol `ndxjyj{ uiqg
aihhj{jdq un{mpqoqindp snpiqindja oll o{nzda iq$ Oq hi{pq elod`j, iq ip dnq jopy
qn `nbs{jgjda op qn ugj{jh{nb ugj{j qgj s{n`jpp kjeidp$ Gnujxj{, o
`lnpj{ lnnm {jxjolp qgoq hzlly oppjbklja pgnjp o{j goda si`mja ouoy h{nb
qgj `ndxjyj{ oq ndj so{qi`zlo{ snidq nd qgj `ndxjyj{$ Ajpsiqj iqp
zd`ndxjdqindol ajpied, iq ip o xj{y ujll n{eodivja oda pypqjboqi`
oppjbkly lidj `ndhiez{oqind ugj{j dndj nh qgj jbslnyjjp piq ialj oq ody
snidq nh qibj$, qgzp bidibivide ialj qibj lnppjp$
ip
Qgj{j
o so{olljl `ndxjyj{ ugi`g
kopi`olly `ndpipqp nh body bjqol pgnj
bnzlap ndqn ugi`g qgj jdqi{j pgnj
oppjbkly ip kzilq$
j Qg
pgnj kzilaide s{n`jpp pqo{qp oq ndj
ugjd ndj sj{pnd osslijp `jbjdq nd qgj
iddj{ pnlj oda slo`jp iq nd qgj `ndxjyn{
kjlq$ Qgj djwq sj{pnd qgjd osslijp
`jbjdq nh jaejp nh qgj zssj{ nh qgj
pgnj oda oeoid szqp ko`m qgj sij`j
ndqn qgj `ndxjyj{$ Djwq, qgj iddj{ pnlj ip szq nd qgj zssj{ so{q nh qgj
0; | Soej
bnzla oda qgj `lnqg ip sopqja nd qgj pnlj qn ejq qgj jwo`q pgosj nh qgj
pgnj Dnu, ugjd qgj pgosj ip o`gijxja, qgj pgnj ip aissja idqn loqjw pn
qgoq qgj loqjw `nxj{p qgj lnuj{ piajp nh qgj pgnj$
PGNJ
ENIDE ID
PGNJ
@NBIDE
NZQ
00 | Soej
Nd`j qgj loqjw ip a{ija oda qgj pgnj ip qomjd nzq nh qgj `gobkj{, iq ip
oeoid slo`ja nd qgj `ndxjyn{ oda qgj djwq sj{pnd szqp qgj nzqj{ pnlj
'`noqja uiqg `jbjdq) nd qgj `ndxjyn{ op ujll$ Qgj pnlj ip qgjd sopqja nd
qn qgj pgnj qiegqly oda s{jp pja ky o lo{ej koe `ndq oidide uoqj{ $ Qgip
uoqj{ hillja koe ip o so{q nh qgj `ndxjyj{ ndly, oda uoqj{ ip zpja qn
s{jxjdq qgj hn{boqind nh oi{ kzkkljp, ugi`g boy ljoa qn bodzho`qz{ide
ajhj`qp$
Qgj sj{pnd piqqide djwq `gj`mp nd`j oeoid qgoq qgj{j ip dn eos id qgj
sopqide$ Qgj piaj hnwide ip qgjd sopqja nd qgj a{ija loqjw oda qgj pgnj
bnxjp nd$ Qgj djwq jbslnyjj sopqjp qgj Koqo lnen nd qgj ko`m nh qgj
pgnj oda olpn s{jppjp qgj piaj hnwide$ Nd qgj djwq pqoqind, qgj qnj ezo{ap,
knqg piaj pq{isp op ujll op `i{`zlo{ ndj, o{j oxoiloklj qn qgj jbslnyjj,
`noqja uiqg `jbjdq$ Knqg nh qgjpj o{j sopqja nd qgj pgnj$ Qgj pgnj ip
dnu s{jso{ja qn kj xzl`odivja oda gjd`j ip q{odphj{{ja ky qgj lopq un{mj{
nd qgj `ndxjyn{, h{nb qgj `ndxjyn{ qn qgj `ndxjyj{ q{nlljy$
01 | Soej
7$ X ZL@ODIVOQIND
Ohqj{ qgj oppjbkly s{n`jpp, qgnzeg qgj pgnjp o{j {joay kzq qgjy o{j pqill
xj{y pqi`my oda dnq pjq hn{ zpj$ Qgzp, qgjy djja qn kj xzl`odivja qn
go{ajd qgj pgnj oda jdpz{j qgoq qgj so{qp goxj kjjd sopqja s{nsj{ly oda
qgj `gjbi`olp zpja goxj a{ija zs$ Qgj pgnjp ugi`g o{j ol{joay szq id
q{nlljyp 'op ajsi`qja oknxj) o{j qgjd pjdq qn qgj xzl`odivide `gobkj{$
O{nzda ?9";3 q{nlljyp o{j pjdq id ? `gobkj{ uiqg oknzq 53 soi{p id jo`g
q{nlljy$ Qgj xzl`odivoqind s{n`jpp {jzi{jp od oss{nw$ qibj nh ? gnz{, ?0:"
?13n@ nh qjbsj{oqz{j oda 0 oqbnpsgj{jp nh oi{ s{jppz{j$ Qgj pgnjp o{j
qgjd pjdq qn qgj zoliqy `gj`mp ajso{qbjdq$
0: | Soej
9$ _ZOLIQY @NDQ[NL
Ohqj{ qgj xzl`odivoqind s{n`jpp, qgj pgnjp o{j pjq qn kj so`mja kzq kjhn{j
qgoqod ibsn{qodq pqjs ip qn `gj`m qgj zoliqy i$j$ zoliqy `ndq{nl$ Id Koqo
jxj{y pgnj ip `gj`mja bodzolly ky od idpsj`qn{ oda ip oppiedja qgj
hnllnuide e{oajp6
;$ K"Qgip e{oaj pgnj kj`nbjp o ho`qn{y pj`ndap s{naz`q oda qgzp ip pnla
oq lnu s{i`jp$
08 | Soej
0$ @"Qgip ip qgj lnujpq e{oaj ugi`g `od djiqgj{ kj pnla id pj`ndap lnq dn{
{jsoi{ja oda ip qgzp `zq oda aipsnpja nhh$
?3$ SO@MIDE
Qgj pgnjp nd`j `gj`mja o{j qgjd so`mja xj{y qgnzegqhzlly qn s{nqj`q qgj
pgnj h{nb ody mida nh aoboej$ Jo`g soi{ ip hi{pq {nllja idpi aj slopqi`
pgjjqp oda qgjd szq idqn `o{akno{a knwjp, boaj jwo`qly qn pivj$ Qgjpj
pboll knwjp o{j qgjd szq idqn lo{ej ndjp, qgj bopqj{ `o{qndp hn{
q{odpsn{qoqind sz{snpjp$ Jo`g knw ip lokjlja uiqg iqp ajpqidoqind oaa{jpp
oda nqgj{ ajqoilp pz`g op koq`g, bodzho`qz{ide idhn{boqind jq`$
05 | Soej
Qgjpj knwjp o{j dnq pqn{ja oq qgj slodq hn{ bn{j qgod ; aoyp$ Qgjy o{j
ibbjaioqjly ajlixj{ja qn qgji{ ajpqidoqind {jqoil pqn{jp ugi`g pqn`m iq
qgjbpjlxjp$
07 | Soej
[JPJO[@G ( AJXJLNSBJDQ
AJSO[QBJDQ
Qgj [jpjo{`g ( Ajxjlnsbjdq uide oq Koqo Ho{iaokoa ajpiedp dju pgnjp,
plissj{p, podaolp jq`$
Qgip [(A uide ndly un{mp nd {zkkj{ kopja s{naz `qp= iq anjp dnq ajpied
ljoqgj{ Hnnqujo{p$ Qgjy ajpied hnnqujo{ boidly hn{ qgj qjjdoej e{nzs$
?$ Ndj ugi`g azsli`oqjp qgj bnxjbjdqp nh qgj hnnq ugjd o sj{pnd uolmp$
Qgjy boidqoid qgoq ody s{naz`q pgnzla kj enna jdnzeg hn{ oq ljopq :
billind pz`g bnxjbjdqp kjhn{j odyqgide gossjdp qn iq$
09 | Soej
;$ Ndj ip o b o`gidj ip qn qjpq qgj pnlj nh qgj pgnj$ Iq i p jdpz{ja qgoq qgj
pnlj pz{xixjp ?$: lomg pgnqp, kjhn{j iq kj`nbjp zdhiq hn{ zpj$
0$ Qgjd qgj{j ip olpn o ajxi`j qn `gj`m qgj zoliqy nh qgj knwjp id ugi`g
so`mide nh qgj pgnjp ip qn kj andj$
13 | Soej
8$ Qgj pg{idmoej nh qgj {zkkj{ pnlj ip olpn qjpqja gj{j id od nxjd$ Iq
pgnzla kj o``n{aide qn qgj psj`ihija dn{bp$
5$ Qgj qjwqilj oda qg{joa zpja id qgj s{naz`qind ip olpn qjpqja oda djjap
qn kj oss{nxja$
1? | Soej
Qg{joaQjpqide QjwqiljQjpqide
Qgjpj bo`gidjp o{j olpn zpja qn `gj`m qgj bodzho`qz{ja pgnjp pnbjqibjp
limj nd`j id o bndqg$ Ndj pgnj ip si`mja h{nb qgj lnq oda ip qjpqja nd oll
qgjpj so{objqj{p$ Qgip `od kj {jeo{aja op o so{q nh zoliqy `ndq{nl$
Ohqj{ qgj dju s{naz`q gop kjjd oss{nxja ky qgj lokn{oqn{y iq enjp qn qgj
bodoejbjdq, ugi`g aj`iajp nd qgj qo{ejq bo{mjq hn{ qgj dju s{naz`q, qgj
s{i`j nh qgj s{naz`q, qgj hjopikiliqy nh s{naz`ide qgoq s{naz`q, qgj idxjpqbjdq
{jzi{ja, jq`$ Qgip ip o `{z`iol pqoej id qgj ajxjlnsbjdq nh o s{naz`q$ Qgj
bodoejbjdq gop qn `o{jhzlly jxolzoqj ujoqgj{ s{naz`ide qgj s{naz`q uill
yijla poqipho`qn{y s{nhiqp n{ dnq, ih dnq qgjd qgj s{naz`q ip a{nssja qgjd oda
qgj{j$ Qn hida qgip nzq ugoq Koqo anjp ip qgoq idpqjoa lozd`gide o s{naz`q id
qgj jdqi{j bo{mjq, iq lozd`gjp iq id o pboll pjebjdq nh qgj bo{mjq qn qjpq qgj
{jpsndpj nh qgj `zpqnbj{p pn op qn bidibivj lnppjp ih ody$
1; | Soej
10 | Soej
[JHJ[JD@JP
Oq
Ujkpiqjp
uuu$Ennelj$`n$id
uuu$Koqoidaio$`nb
Knnmp
Nsj{oqind
Bodoejbjdq ky
Gjivj{ ( [jdaj{
S{naz`qind oda
Nsj{oqindp
Bodo jbjdq k K$
11 | Soej
o
1: | Soej