ipqw jI: sRI gurU hirgoibMd swihb jI pRkwS imqI: 5 vYswK, sMmq 1678 ib. pRkwS sQwn: sRI AMimRqsr swihb (gurU ky mihl) mihl: mwqw gujr kOr jI sMqwn: sRI gurU goibMd isMG jI guirAweI: ó vYswK, sMmq ñ÷òñ ib. ShIdI idn: 11 m`Gr, sMmq 1732 ib. ShIdI sQwn: cWdnI cONk, id`lI
mu`Flw jIvn: bcpn qoN hI Awp jI dlyr, iqAwgI,
praupkwrI Aqy swDU suBwA dy mwlk sn[gurmiq dI is`iKAw hwsl krn dy nwl-nwl Awp jI ny Xu`D klw vI is`KI[Awp jI ny krqwrpur dI jMg iv`c qyg dy auh jOhr idKwey ik Awp jI dy ipqw jI, CyvyN gurU sRI gurU A`j dw sbk Awqm prgws pwizitv iQMkrs tRyinMg ieMstIicaUt
hirgoibMd swihb jI ny Awp jI qy pRsMn ho ky Awp jI
dw nW iqAwg m`l qoN bdl ky qyg bhwdr r`K id`qw[
gurU jI duAwrw sRI AnMdpur swihb vswauxw: gurU jI
ny kihlUr dy rwjy dIp cMd pwsoN mwKovwl ipMf dI zmIn mu`l lY ky AkqUbr 1665 eI. iv`c AnMdpur swihb dI nINh r`KI[ies ngr dw pihlw nW c`k nwnkI siqgurW ny AwpxI mwqw jI dy nwm qy r`iKAw sI, jo bwAd iv`c AnMdpur swihb (AnMdW dI purI) dy nW nwl pRis`D hoieAw[
pRcwr dOry: Awpxy pRcwr dOirAW dOrwn gurU jI pMjwb dy
ipMfW qoN ielwvw kurUkSyqr, id`lI, hirduAwr, mQurw, Awgrw, kwnpur, ielwhwbwd, bnwrs, gXw, Fwkw Aqy Awswm Awid dy ielwikAW iv`c gey[gurU jI ny DUbVI (Aswm) ivKy rwjw rwm isMG Aqy homI kbIly dy srdwr c`krDv`j iv`c sulHw krvweI[gurU swihb dy aupdySW ny dohW iDrW dy mnW iv`coN vYr Bwvnw ƒ ^qm kr id`qw[ ienHW pRcwr dOirAW dOrwn gurU jI ny mu`K qOr qy lokW ƒ nw iksy qoN frn Aqy nw hI iksy ƒ frwaux dI pRyrnw krky aunHW AMdr kurbwnI dw jzbw BirAw[ A`j dw sbk Awqm prgws pwizitv iQMkrs tRyinMg ieMstIicaUt
AOrMgzyb dy A`iqAwcwr: mugl bwdSwh AOrMgzyb ny
1658 eI. qoN 1707 eI. q`k dy Awpxy rwj dy smyN dOrwn Bwrq iv`c hr pwsy bhuq zulm kIqy[aus dy hukm nwl dyS AMdr Dwrimk k`tVqw dI lihr clweI geI, ijs qihq ihMdU lokW ƒ srkwrI nOkrIAW qoN k`iFAw jwx l`igAw[AOrMgzyb ny 1674 eI. iv`c &Yslw kIqw ik gYr-muslmwnW ƒ muslmwn bxwieAw jwvy[aus ny ies leI sB qoN pihlW kSmIr ƒ cuixAw ikauNik auh socdw sI ik kSmIr dy pMifq bhuq ivdvwn hn[ies leI jykr auh ieslwm Drm Apxw lYxgy qW bwkI dy Awm lok vI aunHW v`l vyK ky AswnI nwl Awpxw Drm bdl lYxgy[
kSmIrI pMifqW dI pukwr: AOrMgzyb dy A`iqAwcwrW qoN
bcwaux dI PirAwd lY ky, pMifq ikrpw rwm dI AgvweI hyT, ku`J kSmIrI bRwhmxW dw ie`k v&d sRI AnMdpur swihb pu`jw[25 meI, 1675 eI. ƒ aunHW dI mulwkwq sRI gurU qyg bhwdr jI nwl hoeI[siqgurW ny kSmIrI pMifqW dy du`K ƒ bhuq hmdrdI nwl suixAw[ gurU jI ny soc ivcwr krn auprMq ieh bcn kIqw ik ieh sMkt qW tl skdw hY, jykr koeI mhwn ivAkqI A`j dw sbk Awqm prgws pwizitv iQMkrs tRyinMg ieMstIicaUt
Awpxw blIdwn dyvy[ieh sux ky pws bYTy bwl sRI goibMd
rwie jI ny ikhw ik ipqw jI! quhwfy qoN mhwn ivAkqI hor kOx ho skdw hY? ieh sux ky gurU jI ny kSmIrI pMifqW ƒ ikhw ik qusIN bwdSwh ƒ ilK Byjo ik gurU qyg bhwdr swfy Dwrimk rihbr hn[jykr auh ieslwm kbUl kr lYx qW AsIN swry hI ieslwm kbUl kr lvWgy[ies qrHW gurU jI ny AOrMgzyb dy zulm ƒ vMgwirAw[
gurU swihb jI dI ShIdI: gurU swihb jI ny sRI
AnMdpur swihb qoN c`lx vyly sMgqW ƒ bcn kIqw ik swfy qoN bwAd guirAweI dI zuMmyvwrI goibMd rwie jI sMBwlxgy[imqI 11 julweI, 1675 eI. ƒ gurU jI pMj is`KW smyq sRI AnMdpur swihb qoN rvwnw hoey[aus smyN BwvyN AOrMgzyb id`lI iv`c nhIN sI, pr aus dy hukm nwl hI sB kuJ ho irhw sI[AOrMgzyb dy Byjy hukm Anuswr sQwnk hwkmW ny gurU jI A`gy iqMn SrqW r`KIAW, ‘ieslwm kbUl kro, krwmwq ivKwE jW mOq kbUl kro[’ gurU jI ny au~qr id`qw ik swfy leI Awpxw Drm ipAwrw hY; krwmwq kihr dw nW hY, ieh AsW idKwauxI nhIN, ikauNik ieh gurU AwSy dy ault hY[qIsrI rhI mOq A`j dw sbk Awqm prgws pwizitv iQMkrs tRyinMg ieMstIicaUt
dI g`l, ies ƒ AsIN pRvwn krdy hW[ieh sux ky
siqgurW ƒ ShId krn dw hukm jwrI kr id`qw igAw[ id`lI dy cWdnI cONk iv`c ieh vrqwrw vyKx vwilAW dI BIV l`g geI[gurU jI ƒ Awpxw Drm C`f ky ieslwm kbUl krn leI mwnisk qOr qy frwaux Dmkwaux dy nwl nwl aunHW dy swhmxy aunHW dy ipAwry iqMn is`KW ƒ Asih Aqy Akih qsIhy dy dy ky ShId kIqw igAw qW jo gurU swihb qsIihAW qoN fr ky eIn mMn lYx Aqy muslmwn Drm kbUl lYx[ies qihq sB qoN pihlW BweI mqI dws jI ƒ gurU jI dIAW A`KW dy swhmxy Awry nwl cIirAw igAw[iPr BweI sqI dws jI ƒ ijauNdy jIA rUM iv`c lpyt ky A`g lw ky swiVAw igAw[iehnW qoN bwAd BweI idAwlw jI ƒ pwxI dI aubldI dyg iv`c ibTw ky aubwilAw igAw[gurU jI dy iqMn ipAwry is`K, Awpxw is`KI isdk inBwauNdy hoey gurU jI dIAW A`KW dy swhmxy ShId ho gey[iqMnW is`KW dI ShIdI qoN bwAd gurU jI ƒ Awpxw &Yslw bdlx leI mzbUr kIqw igAw pr gurU swihb jI ny ShIdI ƒ pRvwn kIqw Aqy 11 nvMbr, 1675 eI. ƒ id`lI dy cWdnI cONk iv`c jlwd ny sRI gurU qyg bhwdr jI dw sIs qlvwr nwl DV qoN v`K krn dw kihr kmwieAw[ies sQwn au~qy hux A`j dw sbk Awqm prgws pwizitv iQMkrs tRyinMg ieMstIicaUt
gurduAwrw sIs gMj swihb suSoiBq hY[gurU jI ny AwpxI
Shwdq dy ky mugl hkUmq duAwrw Bwrq dy gL pweIAW gulwmI dIAW zMjIrW sdw leI qoVn dw ibgl vjw id`qw[
sIs dw sskwr: gurU jI dI ShIdI auprMq BweI jYqw
jI ny bhuq hI PurqI Aqy infrqw nwl hwkmW ƒ ibnW pqw l`gx id`qy siqgurW dw sIs auTw ilAw[ies inrBY sUrmy ny zwlm hkUmq dI pRvwh nhIN kIqI Aqy idn rwq c`ldw hoieAw sIs lY ky sRI gurU goibMd isMG jI kol phuMc igAw[gurU jI ny BweI jYqw jI ƒ gL nwl lwieAw Aqy ipAwr nwl bcn khy, ‘rMGryty gur ky byty’[ij`Qy nOvyN pwqSwh jI dy sIs dw sskwr kIqw igAw, au~Qy AnMdpur swihb ivKy gurduAwrw sIs gMj swihb suSoiBq hY[
gurU jI dy DV dw sskwr: siqgurW dy DV ƒ sMBwlx
dI syvw BweI l`KI Swh vxjwrw jI ny inBweI[auh smW dyK ky siqgurW dw DV auTw ky Gr lY Awey[aunHW ny Awpxy Gr iv`c hI icKw iqAwr krky siqkwr nwl siqgurW dI dyh r`KI Aqy Gr ƒ hI A`g lgw id`qI[ A`j dw sbk Awqm prgws pwizitv iQMkrs tRyinMg ieMstIicaUt
ij`Qy gurU jI dy srIr dw sskwr hoieAw, ie`Qy
gurduAwrw ‘rkwb gMj swihb’ (id`lI) suSoiBq hY[
isRStI dI cwdr: Awpxw blIdwn dy ky nOvyN pwqSwh,
sRI gurU qyg bhwdr jI, ny isr& ihMdU Drm dy iqlk qy jM\U ƒ hI nhIN bcwieAw, sgoN swrI mnu`Kqw dI Dwrimk suqMqrqw Aqy mnu`KI kdrW kImqW dI rwKI dI Avwz bulMd kIqI[klXu`g iv`c ShIdI pw ky siqgurW ny bhuq v`fw swkw kr idKwieAw[Srn iv`c AwieAW leI BlweI kridAW Awpxw sIs kurbwn kr id`qw, pr mu`K qoN 'sI' q`k nw aucwrI[Drm dI r`iKAw leI ieh mhwn swkw kIqw[siqgurW ny Awpxw sIs qW vwr id`qw, pr isdk nw hwirAw[ies mhwn kurbwnI dy sdkw sRI gurU qyg bhwdr swihb jI ƒ 'Drm dI cwdr' vI ikhw jWdw hY[
sRI gurU qyg bhwdr swihb jI dI ShIdI dy sMbMD iv`c
sRI gurU goibMd isMG jI, bic`qr nwtk iv`c, ieauN &rmwauNdy hn: iqlk jM\U rwKw pRB qw kw] kIno bfo klU mih swkw] A`j dw sbk Awqm prgws pwizitv iQMkrs tRyinMg ieMstIicaUt
swDn hyiq ieqI ijin krI]
sIsu dIXw pru sI n aucrI]13] Drm hyq swkw ijin kIAw] sIsu dIAw pru isrru n dIAw]
bwxI rcnw: sRI gurU qyg bhwdr swihb jI ny 59 Sbd
Aqy 57 slok aucwrn kIqy hn[aunHW ny AwpxI bwxI iv`c ieh mnu`Kw jIvn AjweIN nw guAwaux Aqy pRBU nwl juV ky s&l krn au~qy zor id`qw hY[
is`iKAw: sRI gurU qyg bhwdr jI dy jIvn qoN swƒ ieh
pRyrxw imldI hY ik swƒ ie`k Akwl purK au~qy Brosw r`Kxw cwhIdw hY, kdy vI zwlm dy zulm A`gy Jukxw nhIN cwhIdw Aqy mnu`KI AiDkwrW Aqy kdrW kImqW dI rwKI leI hr kurbwnI krn leI iqAwr rihxw cwhIdw hY[
pRcwr dOry: Apny pRcwr dOro< ky dOrwn gu{ jI p<jwb ky
gw<vo< ky elwvw ku}@yZ, idØlI, hirêùwr, mQurw, Awgrw, kwnpur, elwhwbwd, bnwrs, gXw, Fwkw Ev< Asm Awid ky elwko< my< gE[gu{ jI ny DUbVI (Asm) my< rwjw rwm is<G qQw homI kbIly ky srdwr ckõÍvj my< sulh krvwe~[gu{ jI ky apdySo< ny dono< guto< my< duÜmnI kI Bwvnw KËm kr dI[en pRcwr dOro< ky dOrwn gu{ jI ny mu$X qOr pr logo< ko n iksI sy frny AOr n hI iksI ko frwny kI Bwvnw sy pRyirq krky anmy< kubw~nI kw jÈÀbw Brw[ A`j dw sbk Awqm prgws pwizitv iQMkrs tRyinMg ieMstIicaUt
AOr<gjyb ky AËXwcwr: mugl bwdSwh AOr<gjyb ny 1658 e~.
sy 1707 e~. qk ky Apny rwjkwl ky dOrwn Bwrq my< hr qrP j¡uØm ikE[asky hu#m sy dyS my< Dwim~k kètrqw kI lhr clwe~ ge~, ijsky qhq ihNdU logo< ko srkwrI nOkrI sy inkwlw jwny lgw[AOr<gjyb ny 1674 e~. my< PÀYslw ikXw ik gYr muiálmo< ko muiálm bnwXw jwE[asny esky ilE sbsy phly kÜmIr ko cunw #Xo<ik askw mwnnw Qw ik kÜmIr ky p<ifq bhuq ivêùwn hY[esIilE Xid vy muiálm Dm~ Apnw lygy< qo Awm log BI aNhy< dyKkr AwswnI sy Apnw Dm~ bdl lygy<[
kÜmIrI p<ifqo< kI pukwr: AOr<gjyb ky AËXwcwro< sy bcwv
kI P¡irXwd lykr, p<ifq ikrpw rwm ky nyZRv my< kuC kÜmIrI bRwHmxo< kw vPd ‰I Awn<dpur swihb phu>cw[25 me~, 1675 e~. ko ankI mulwkwq ‰I gu{ qyg bhwdur jI sy hue~[gu{ swihb jI ny p<ifqo ky duKo< ko bhuq hmddI~ sy sunw[gu{ jI ny soc ivcwr krny ky aprw<q Xh bcn ikXw ik Xh s<kt qo tl skqw hY, Xid koe~ mhwn ÛXi Apnw bildwn dy<[Xh sunkr pws bYTy bwl goib<d rwX jI ny khw ik ipqw jI! Awpsy bVw mhwn ÛXi kOn ho A`j dw sbk Awqm prgws pwizitv iQMkrs tRyinMg ieMstIicaUt
skqw hY? Xh sunkr gu{ jI ny kÜmIrI p<ifqo< sy khw
Awp bwdSwh ko ilKkr Byj dIijE ik gu{ qyg bhwdur hmwry Dwim~k rhbr hY<[Xid vy eálwm kbUl kr ly<gy qo hm sb BI eálwm kbUl kr ly<gy[es qrh gu{ jI ny AOr<gjyb ky jÀuØm ko cunOqI dI[
gu{ swihb jI kI ShIdI: gu{ swihb jI ny ‰I Awn<dpur
swihb sy clqy smX s<gq ko bcn ikXw ik hmwry bwd guirXwe~ kI ijMmydwrI goib<d rwE jI s<Bwly<gy[idnw<k 11 julwe~, 1675 e~. ko gu{ jI pWc is#Ko< smyq ‰I Awn<dpur swihb sy rvwnw huE[as smX cwhy AOr<gjyb idØlI my< nhI< Qw, pr<qu asky hu#m sy hI sb kuC ho rhw Qw[AOr<gjyb ky Byjy hu#m ky Anuswr áQwink hwkmo< ny gu{ jI ky Awgy qIn Sqy_ rKI, ‘eálwm kbUl kro, krwmwq idKwAo Xw mOq kbUl kro[’ gu{ jI ny aÁr idXw ik hmwry ilE Apnw Dm~ ÎXwrw hY, krwmwq khr kw nwm hY, Xh hm idKwE<gy nhI<, #Xo<ik Xh gu{ AwÜX sy aØt hY[qIsrI rhI mOq kI bwq, hm esy kbUl krqy hY<[Xh sunkr gu{ swihb jI ko ShId krny kw hu#m jwrI kr idXw gXw[idØlI ky cWdnI cOk my< Xh Gtnw dyKny vwlo< A`j dw sbk Awqm prgws pwizitv iQMkrs tRyinMg ieMstIicaUt
kI BIV lg ge~[gu{ jI ko Apnw Dm~ CoVkr eálwm
kbUl krny ky ilE mwnisk qOr pr frwny, Dmkwny ky swQ-swQ anky swmny anky ÎXwry qIn is#Ko< ko Ash v Akh qsIhy dykr ShId ikXw gXw[qwik gu{ swihb jI qsIho< sy frkr Dm~ pirvq~n kr ly< AOr muiálm Dm~ gRhx kr ly<[esky qhq Bwe~ mqI dws jI ko gu{ jI kI Aw>Ko< ky swmny Awry sy cIrw gXw[iPr Bwe~ sqI dws jI ko jIivq hI {e~ my< lpytkr Awg lgwkr jlw idXw gXw[ enky bwd Bwe~ dXwlw jI ko pwnI kI ablqI dyg my< ibTwkr abwlw gXw[gu{ jI ky qIn ÎXwry is#K, Apnw is#KI isdk inBwqy huE gu{ jI kI Aw>Ko< ky swmny ShId ho gE[qIno< is#Ko< kI ShIdI ky bwd gu{ jI ko Apnw PÀYslw bdlny ky ilE mjbUr ikXw gXw pr<qu gu{ swihb jI ny ShIdI ko kbUl ikXw qQw 11 nv<br, 1675 e~. ko idØlI ky cWdnI cOk my< jØlwd ny ‰I gu{ qyg bhwdur jI kw SIS qlvwr sy DV sy Alg krny kw khr kmwXw[es áQwn pr Ab gu{êùwrw SISg<j swihb suSoiBq hY[gu{ jI ny ApnI Shwdq dykr mug¡l hukUmq êùwrw Bwrq ky gly pVI gulwmI kI j<jIry sdw ky ilE qoVny kw ibgul bjw idXw[ A`j dw sbk Awqm prgws pwizitv iQMkrs tRyinMg ieMstIicaUt
SIS kw s<ákwr: gu{ swihb jI kI ShIdI ky aprw<q Bwe~
jYqw jI ny bhuq hI PuqI~ Ev< infrqw sy hwkmo< ko pqw lgny idE ibnw siqgu{ jI kw SIS aTw ilXw[es inB~X sUrmy ny jwilm hukUmq kI prvwh nhI< kI AOr idn rwq clqw huAw SIS lykr ‰I gu{ goib<d is<G ky pws phu<c gXw[gu{ jI ny Bwe~ jYqw jI ko gly sy lgwXw AOr ÎXwr sy bcn khy, ‘r<gryty gu{ ky byty’[jhW nOvy< pwqSwh jI ky SIS kw s<ákwr ikXw gXw, vhW Awn<dpur swihb my< gu{êùwrw SISg<j swihb suSoiBq hY[
gu{ jI ky DV kw s<ákwr: siqgu{ jI ky DV ko s<Bwlny
kI syvw Bwe~ l#KI Swh v<jwrw jI ny inBwe~[vh smX dyKkr siqgu{ jI kw DV aTwkr Gr ly AwE[aNho<ny Apny Gr my< hI icqw qYXwr krky sMmwnpUv~k siqgu{ jI kI dyh rKI AOr Gr ko hI Awg lgw dI[jhW gu{ jI ky SrIr kw s<ákwr huAw, vhW gu{êùwrw ‘rkwbg<j swihb’ (idØlI) suSoiBq hY[
s÷iàt kI cwdr: Apnw bildwn dykr nOvy< pwqSwh, ‰I gu{
qyg bhwdur jI, ny isP~ ihNdU Dm~ ky iqlk v jny‚ ko hI nhI< bcwXw, biØk swrI mwnvqw kI Dwim~k ávq<Zqw Ev< A`j dw sbk Awqm prgws pwizitv iQMkrs tRyinMg ieMstIicaUt
mwnvIX AiDkwro< AOr k¡dro kImqo< kI r@w kI Awvwj«
bul<d kI[klXug my< ShIdI pRwÎq krky siqgu{ jI ny bhuq bVw swkw kr idKwXw[Srx my< Awny vwlo< ky ilE Blwe~ krqy huE Apnw SIS kubw~n kr idXw, pr mu>h sy sI qk nhI< kI[Dm~ kI r@w ky ilE Xh mhwn swkw ikXw[siqgu{ jI ny Apnw SIS qo kubw~n kr idXw, pr isdk nhI< hwrw[ es mhwn kubw~nI ky sdky ‰I gu{ qyg bhwdur jI ko ‘Dm~ kI cwdr’ khw jwqw hY[
‰I gu{ qyg bhwdur swihb jI kI ShIdI ky s<b<D my< ‰I gu{
goib<d is<G jI, ivicZ nwtk my<, es qrh khqy hY<: iqlk jM\U rwKw pRB qw kw] kIno bfo klU mih swkw] swDn hyiq ieqI ijin krI] sIsu dIXw pru sI n aucrI]13] Drm hyq swkw ijin kIAw] sIsu dIAw pru isrru n dIAw] A`j dw sbk Awqm prgws pwizitv iQMkrs tRyinMg ieMstIicaUt
iqlk j<\U rwKw pRB qw kw]
kIno bfo klU mih swkw] swDn hyiq eqI ijin krI] sIsu dIXw p{ sI n acrI]13] Drm hyq swkw ijin kIAw] sIsu dIAw p{ isr{ n dIAw]
vwxI rcnw: ‰I gu{ qyg bhwdur jI ny 59 SÑd qQw 57
Slok acwrx ikE hY<[aNho<ny ApnI vwnI my< Xh mnuàX jNm ÛXQ~ n gvwny AOr pRBu sy juVkr sPl krny pr jor idXw[
iS@w: ‰I gu{ qyg bhwdur jI ky jIvn sy hmy< Xh pRyrxw
imlqI hY ik hmy< Ek Akwl purK pr Brosw rKnw cwihE, kBI BI jwilm ky juØm ky Awgy Juknw nhI< cwihE qQw mwnvIX AiDkwro< AOr k¡dro kImqo< kI r@w ky ilE hr pRkwr kI kubw~nI krny ky ilE qYXwr rhnw cwihE[ A`j dw sbk Awqm prgws pwizitv iQMkrs tRyinMg ieMstIicaUt
êùwrw pRkwiSq nwnkSwhI kYly<fr ky AwDwr pr lI ge~ hY<[pr<qu, bhuq sI iqiQXw< Eyiqhwisk hvwlo< sy myl nhI< KwqI[ gOrvSwlI eiqhws ky vwirs is#Ko< ny Apny A`j dw sbk Awqm prgws pwizitv iQMkrs tRyinMg ieMstIicaUt
eiqhws kI iviDvq s<Bwl my< bhuq lwprvwhI kI hY[
ijskw pirxwm Xh huAw ik Eyiqhwisk iqiQXo< AOr GtnwAo< ky s<b<D my< pYdw hue~ duivDw Awj duKdwe~ bn ge~ hY[ÈXwdw duKdwe~ Xh hY ik es idSw my< koe~ swiQ~k XËn pRwrMB ikXy BI idKwe~ nhI< dyqy[AweE hm sb Awps my< BydBwv imtw krky Ekjut ho< AOr Apny gOrvmXI eiqhws ko s<Bwlny ky ilE Tos kdm aTwE<[ ……………………………………………………………… Awqm prgws pwijitv iQ<kr töyin<g e<iáttXUt kI qrP sy Awqm prgws Eyp my< sÇcy mnuàX bnny ky ilE pRiqidn ivSy† sbk Byjy jwqy hY<[smwj my< smX kI kdr kI }ic pRbl krny ky ilE iv´wiQ~Xo< ko Ek ivSy† smX swrxI kw pwln krny kI isKlwe~ dyny ky swQ-swQ anky svo~Ám ivkws ky ilE ivêùwno< kI ivSy† tIm syvw pRdwn kr rhI hY[Awp Apny E<föwef Pon my< es Eyp sy pwijitv iQ<kr rijátr hokr en syvwAo< kw lwB ly skqy hY<[