ENGINEERING DRAWING

SECTIONS OF SOLIDS – I (L12)

Dr K L NARAYANA
"Weakness of attitude becomes weakness of character." 

~ Albert Einstein 
 NEED FOR SECTIONING AN OBJECT

 If the internal structure is complex, it is difficult to visualize

the interior details from the orthographic views.

 Too many dotted lines representing the internal details will not
only be difficult to interpret but also cause confusion.

 Hence, the primary reason for creating a sectional view is the

elimination of hidden lines, so that the drawing can be easily
understood or visualized.
 SECTIONAL VIEWS

• One or more number of views are drawn assuming

as if a portion of the object is cut and removed to
reveal the internal details.

• Such views are called sectional views

Representation of Section Plane and its Location
Principles of Cutting Plane Method
Principles of Generator Method
O’ O’ O’
Pahalgam, Srinagar
 Principle of Obtaining Sectional Views

Full Section: View obtained assuming the object is Notes:

completely cut by a plane, is called full sectional view.
• The section lines are 
usually drawn at 450 to 
the boundary of the 
object.

• Section lines should be 
equally spaced. 

• Depending on the area 
to be hatched, spacing 
normally varies from 
1.5 to 3 mm.
12
 True Shape of Section
• The section will show its true shape when viewed in normal
direction and true shape is obtained by projecting it onto a plane
parallel to the section plane.

• Position of section plane True shape of section

Parallel to H.P Top view

Parallel to V.P Front view
Parallel to P.P Side view

• However, if the section plane is inclined to H.P or V.P, an auxiliary

plane should be chosen to get the true shape of the section
Mogul Gardens, Srinagar
 POSITION OF SECTION PLANES

1. Section plane // to H.P

2. Section plane // to V.P
3. Section plane inclined to H.P and perp. to V.P
4. Section plane inclined to V.P and perp. to H.P
5. Section plane perpendicular to both H.P and V.P
6. Section plane inclined to both H.P and V.P
 Section Plane // to H.P
Problem: A cube of edge 40 is resting on HP on an
edge with a face containing that edge inclined at 300
to HP. It is cut by a section plane parallel to HP and at
a distance 10 above the centre line. Draw the
projections of the cut solid.

Procedure:
1. Draw front and top views of the cube and locate the
HT of the section plane.
2. Determine the points of intersection between the
section plane and the edges of the solid.
3. Transfer them to the top view and join them by
straight lines.
4. Hatch the sectioned portion of the solid.
 Section Plane // to V.P
Problem: A tetrahedron of side 50 is resting on HP on a face
with an edge parallel to VP. It is cut by a section plane parallel
to VP and 10 away from the axis. Draw the projections of the
cut solid.

Procedure:
1. Draw the projections of the tetrahedron satisfying the conditions.
2. Locate the HT of the section plane. Determine the intersection
points between the edges and base of the solid and the section
plane.
3. Transfer these intersection points to the corresponding edges and
the base of the solid and complete the front view.
4. Cross-hatch the sectioned portion of the solid.
 Section Plane Perp. to both H.P and V.P
Problem: A hexagonal pyramid of edge of base 25 and axis 60 is resting on HP with an edge parallel
to VP. It is cut by a section plane perpendicular to both HP and VP and 5 away from the axis. Draw
the projections of the cut solid.

Procedure:
1. Draw the three views of the solid, as the sectioned
portion of the solid is seen only in the side view.
2. Locate the HT and VT of the section plane and
determine the intersection points between the traces of
the section plane and the edges and base of the solid.
3. Transfer these intersection points to the side view and
cross-hatch the sectioned portion of the side view.
 Problem: A cone of diameter of base 40 and axis 60 long is resting on HP on its
base and cut by a section plane perpendicular to both HP and VP and 5 away from
the axis. Draw the projections of the solid.
Procedure:
1. Draw the projections of the cone and locate the section
plane.
2. Locate the intersection points between the generators
and the base of the cone.
3. Transfer the intersection points on the generators to the
corresponding generators to the side view.
4. Transfer the intersection points on the base to the side
view from the top view.
5. Cross-hatch the sectioned portion of the side view.

NOTE: In all these cases where the section plane is parallel

to HP, VP or PP, the sectioned portion of the solid represents
true shape of the section.
Problem: A pentagonal pyramid of side of base 35 and axis 50 long, stands with its
base on H.P such that, one of the base edges is perpendicular to V.P. A section plane
parallel to V.P cuts the solid at a distance of 15 from the corner of the base which is
nearer to the observer. Draw the top and sectional front views of the cut solid.

Procedure:
1. Draw the projections of the pyramid satisfying the conditions and locate the
section plane (HT).
2. Determine the intersection points between the section plane and the solid. HT
of the section plane cuts base edge ab, and cd and lateral edges bo and co.
3. Number the intersection points in order and transfer them to the front view and
join by straight lines.
4. Cross-hatch the sectioned portion of the solid, the section obtained represents
true shape.
Shalimar gardens, Srinagar
Problem: A hexagonal prism of side base 30 and length of axis 75, is resting on a corner of its base on H.P, with the
longer edge containing that corner, inclined to H.P at 300. It is cut by a section plane parallel to H.P and passing
through the mid-point of the axis. Draw the front and sectional top views of the solid.

Procedure:
1. Draw the projections of the prism as desired.
2. Locate the HT of the section plane and number the
intersection points between the section plane and the solid.
3. Transfer the intersection points to the top view and join
them by straight lines.
4. Cross-hatch the sectioned part of the top view, which
shows the true shape of the section.
Problem: A cylinder of 50 diameter and axis 70 long, lies on H.P on one of its generators such that, the axis is
inclined at 450 to V.P. A section plane parallel to V.P, passes through the farthest point of the visible base from the
observer. Draw the projections of the cut solid.

Procedure:
1. Draw the projections of the cylinder, as there are no lateral
edges, help should be taken by considering a number of
generators.
2. Locate the HT of the section plane as given in the problem.
3. Determine the intersection points between the generators and
the section plane in order and transfer them to the front view.
4. Join these points by a smooth curve, as the lateral surface is a
curved one.
5. Cross-hatch the sectioned portion.
Problem: A cylinder of 50 diameter and 70 long, is resting on H.P, with its axis inclined at 300 to H.P and parallel to
V.P. A section plane inclined at 450 to V.P, passes through the axis at 25 from one end of it. Draw the projections of the
cut solid.
Procedure:
1. Draw the projections of the cylinder after locating a number
of generators on it.
2. Locate the HT of the section plane inclined at 450 to xy and
passing through the axis 25 from one end (the distance along
the axis should be measured in the view, which shows the
true length of it).
3. Determine the intersection points between the section plane
and generators and base of the solid.
4. Transfer these points to the front view and cross-hatch the
sectioned part of the solid.
NOTE: as the section plane is inclined to VP, true shape of the
section is not represented in the front view.
 Problem: A tetrahedron of side 60, is resting on H.P on one of its faces, with an edge of it parallel to V.P. It is cut by a
section plane, perpendicular to both H.P and V.P and 15 away from the axis of the solid. Draw the sectional side view.

Procedure:
1. Draw the projections of the tetrahedron, all the three
views.
2. Locate the section plane perpendicular to both HP and
VP, by traces.
3. Locate the intersection points between the section plane
and the base and lateral edge of the solid.
4. Transfer these points to the side view and cross-hatch
the sectioned portion, which represents the true shape
of the section.
 Problems for practice
A cone with base 60 diameter and axis 75 long, is resting on its base on
H.P. It is cut by a section plane parallel to H.P and passing through the
mid-point of the axis. Draw the projections of the cut solid.
A pentagonal pyramid of side of base 35 and axis 60 long, stands with
its base on H.P such that, one of the base edges is perpendicular to V.P. A
section plane parallel to V.P cuts the solid at a distance of 15 from the
corner of the base which is nearer to the observer. Draw the top and
sectional front views of the cut solid.
A pentagonal pyramid, with side of base 30 and axis 60 long, is resting
with its base on H.P and one of the edges of its base is perpendicular to
V.P. It is cut by a section plane, parallel to H.P and passing through the
axis at a point 35 above the base. Draw the projections of the remaining
solid.
TOPIC FOR NEXT SESSION

Sections of solids - II