Introduction to machinery vibration and

noise Significance of Vibration Characteristic

1. Importance of vibration frequency
What is vibration?
- allow us to identify w/c part is at fault and
 Vibration is simply the motion of a machine or what the problem is.
machine part back and forth from its position of 2. Importance of displacement, velocity and
rest
Vibration.
 An oscillation of the parts of a fluid or an elastic
solid whose equilibrium has been disturbed, or - helps us to determine the amount or
of an electromagnetic wave. severity of the vibration
 The simplest way to show vibration is to follow - Acceleration of vibration is often referred
the motion of a weight suspended to as the “amplitude” of the vibration.
3. Displacement, Velocity and Acceleration
What causes vibration?
w/c should be used?
 mechanical trouble in a machine cause For finding “peak velocity”
vibration
 Unbalance of rotating parts 𝐹
𝑉𝑝𝑒𝑎𝑘 = 52.3 𝐷 ( ) 𝑥 10−3
 Misalignment of couplings and bearings 1000
 Bent shafts
 Worn eccentric or damaged gears Where:
 Bad drive belts and drive chains Vpeak - Vibration velocity in inch/sec
 Bad bearings anti friction type D – Peak to peak displacement
 Torque variation F – Frequency in Cycle/Sec.
 Aerodynamic forces
For finding Vibration acceleration
 Looseness
(g’s peak).
Harmful effects of Vibration
1. Produced excessive stresses
𝑔𝑝𝑒𝑎𝑘 = 14. 1𝐷 (𝐹/1000)2 𝑥10−3
2. Produce undesirable noise
3. Reduce the machine element life
4. Importance of phase - Vibration
4. Partial or complete failure
phase becomes particularly important in
5. Energy waste.
not only dynamic balancing, but also in
helping to understand relative motion
The characteristics of vibration between machine train components and
resolving if dominant forces are rotating
1. Vibration Frequency – Number of cycles
or stationary.
moved by a body per unit of time.
2. Vibration displacement – The total distance
 How much is vibration is too much?
traveled by the vibration part.
- Also called as “peak to peak
displacement”.
- Normally expressed in mils.
In English
1 mils = 0.001 inch
In metric
1 micron = 0.000001
3. Vibration Velocity - is measured in peak units
such as inches per second (ips) or millimetres
per second (mm/s).
4. Vibration Acceleration – The rate of change
of velocity
5. Phase – The position of a vibration part at a
given instant w/ reference to a fixed point
or another vibrating part.
- Usually expressed in degrees 0 – 360deg
- 1 complete cycle of vibration =
360degrees.