Chavez, Gabreille R.
n is the number of gas molecules
1. The Combined Gas Law
The combined gas law combines the
three gas laws: Boyle's Law, Charles' Law,
and Gay-Lussac's Law. It states that the ratio
of the product of pressure and volume and
the absolute temperature of a gas is equal to a
constant. When Avogadro's law is added to the
combined gas law, the ideal gas law results.
Unlike the named gas laws, the combined gas law
doesn't have an official discoverer. It is simply a
combination of the other gas laws that works
when everything except temperature, pressure,
and volume are held constant.
There are a couple of common equations for
writing the combined gas law. The classic law
relates Boyle's law and Charles' law to state:
PV/T = k
where P = pressure, V = volume, T = absolute
temperature (Kelvin), and k = constant.
The constant k is a true constant if the number
of moles of the gas doesn't change. Otherwise,
it varies.
Another common formula for the combined gas
law relates "before and after" conditions of a
gas:
P1V1 / T1 = P2V2 / T2
2. Avogadro's Law
For an ideal gas, same number of
molecules exists; if the volume of gases is
equal, i.e. number of molecules will be the
same for an ideal gas when it has equal
volume. Mathematically, it can be
expressed as
where V is the volume of ideal gas
3. Boyle's Law
Boyle's law gives relationship between
pressure and volume of a gas at constant
temperature. It states that', at constant
temperature, the volume is inversely
proportional to its pressure. It can be
expressed as
where V is volume of gas
P is the pressure of gas
4. Charles's Law
Charles's Law describes the relationship
between volume and temperature of gas.
At constant pressure, volume of a gas is
directly proportional to the temperature
(in Kelvin units). It can be expressed as
V∝T
Where V is the volume of gas
T is the temperature of gas
5. Gay–Lussac law
Gay–Lussac law gives the relationship
between pressure and temperature at
constant volume. For a given gas, at
constant volume, the pressure of gas is
directly proportional to the temperature
of gas. The mathematical expression for
this law
P∝T
where P is the pressure of gas
T is the temperature of a gas in Kelvin
6. Ideal gas Law
 Ideal gas law contains four variables
namely pressure, volume, temperature and
no of moles or molecules. It gives the
relationship between these four variables
and the mathematical expression for this
law is given below
where P denotes the pressure of gas
V is the volume of gas
T is the temperature of gas
n is the no of moles or molecules of gas
7. Dalton's Law of Partial Pressures
The total pressure of a mixture of gases is equal
to the sum of the partial pressures of the
component gases.
PressureTotal = PressureGas 1 + PressureGas 2 +
PressureGas 3 + ... PressureGas n
An alternative of this equation can be used to
determine the partial pressure of an individual
gas in the mixture.
If the total pressure is known and the moles of
each component gas are known, the partial
pressure can be computed using the formula:
high pressure, the volume occupied by a gas
becomes significant when compared to the free
space between particles. At high
pressure, intermolecular forces between
particles become more of a consideration.
References:
 Dalton, J. (1802). "Essay IV. On the
expansion of elastic fluids by heat."
Memoirs of the Literary and Philosophical
Society of Manchester, vol. 5, pt. 2, pp.
595–602.
 Silberberg, Martin S. (2009). Chemistry:
the molecular nature of matter and
change (5th ed.). Boston: McGraw-Hill. p.
206. ISBN 9780073048598.
 Helmenstine, A. M. (2019, May 06).
Combined Gas Law Definition and
Examples. Retrieved from
https://www.thoughtco.com/definition-
of-combined-gas-law-604936
 Gas Laws. (n.d.). Retrieved from
https://www.cheggstudy.com/definitions/
gas-laws

Px = PTotal ( nx / nTotal )

where:

Px = partial pressure of gas x PTotal = total

pressure of all gases nx = number of moles of gas
x nTotal = number of moles of all gases

This relationship applies to ideal gases but can

be used in real gases with very little error.

Deviations From Dalton's Law

Dalton's law is an ideal gas law. It is only an

approximation for real gases. The deviation from
the law increases with increasing pressure. At