Benítez Ramos Misael Matemáticas superiores 3AM2

1. Obtenga la serie de x2 o < x < L para:

a) Cosenos
b) Senos
c) Serie de Fourier

a) Serie de Cosenos

P
a0 = 2
p ∫ f (x)dx
0
L
2 x3 L 2 L3 2 2
a0 = 2
L ∫ x2 dx = L ( 3 )] 0 = L( 3 ) = 3L
0
P
an = 2
p ∫ f (x)cos nπx
P xdx
0
P
an = 2
p ∫ x2 cos nπx
L dx
0
u = x2 dv = cos nπx
L dx
L nπx
du = 2x v= nπ sen L dx

[ ]
L
L
an = L
x2 nπ sen nπx
L −∫ L nπx
nπ sen L 2xdx
0 0
u = 2x dv = sen nπx
L dx
L nπx
du = 2 v =− nπ cos L
L
an = 2
L [ L
x2 nπ sen nπx
L −
L L nπx
nπ (2x(− nπ )cos L
L2
+
nπ sen nπx
L 0 ]
L
an = 2
L [ x2 L nπx
nπ sen L +
2
2L x nπx L 3
nπx
n2 π 2 cos L − n3 π 3 sen L 0 ]
an = 2
L ( L3

nπ sen
3
nπ + 2L3 L3
n2 π 2 cos nπ − n3 π 3 sen nπ − L ) 2 02 L nπ 0
nπ sen L ( + 2L2 0 nπ 0
n2 π 2 cos L − L3 nπ0
n3 π 3 sen L )
2 2L n
an = L ( n2 π 2 (− 1) )
4L2 n
an = n2 π 2 (− 1)
∞
a0
f (x) = 2 + ∑ an cos nπx
p
n=1
∞
L3 4L2 (−1)n
f (x) = 3 + π2 ∑ n2 cos nπx
n=1
Benítez Ramos Misael Matemáticas superiores 3AM2

b) Serie de Senos
P
bn = 2
p ∫ f (x)sen nπx
P xdx
0
L
bn = 2
L ∫ x2 sen nπx
P dx
0
u = x2 dv = sen nπx
L dx
L nπx
du = 2x v =− nπ cos L
2
L nπx
du = 0 v =− n2 π 2 sen L
L
bn = 2
L [− x2 L nπx
nπ cos L − L 2xL nπx
nπ ( nπ )sen L + 2L2
2
n π 2 cos nπx
L 0 ]
u = 2x dv = cos nπx
L dx
L nπx
du = 2 v= nπ sen L dx
2
du = 0 v =− nL2 π2 cos nπx
L
L
bn = 2
L [− x2 L nπx
nπ cos L + 2L2 x nπx
n2 π 2 sen L + 2L3
3
n π 3 cos nπx
L 0 ]
bn = 2
L ((− L3
nπ cos nπ + 2L3
n2 π 2 sen nπ
2L3
− n3 π3 cos nπ ) − (− ) ) 2L3
n3 π 3
2L3 n+1 4L2 n
bn = n2 π 2 (− 1) + π 3 ((− 1) − 1)
∞
f (x) = ∑ bn sen nπx
p
n=1
∞
2L2 (−1)n+1 2 n
f (x) = π ∑( n + π 2 ((− 1) − 1)))sen nπx
L
n=1
c) Serie de Fourier
∞
a0
f (x) = 2 + ∑ (an cos nπx nπx
p + bn sen p )
n=1
L
2L2
a0 = 2
L ∫ x2 dx = 3
0
P
L2
an = 2
p ∫ x2 cos 2πx
L xdx = n2 π 2
0
L 2
bn = 2
L ∫ x2 sen 2πx L
P xdx = − nπ
0
∞
L2 L2
f (x) = 3 + π ∑ (cos 2nπ 1 2πx
L − n sen L )
n=1
Benítez Ramos Misael Matemáticas superiores 3AM2

2. Obtenga solución de la ecuación de calor con las siguientes condiciones​:

u(0, t) = 0 u(L, t) = 0
u(x, 0) = x(L − x)
2
k ∂∂xu2 = ∂u
∂t
u(x, t) = X (x)T (t)
∂2 u
∂x2
= T (t)X " (x)
∂u ´
∂t = X (x)T (t)
kT X " = X T ´
X" T´
X = kT =− λ
Ecuación 1:
X ´ + λX = 0
m2 + λ = 0
X (x) = C 1 cos√λX + C 2 sen√λX
X (0) = C 1 cos√λ(0) + C 2 sen√λ(0)
C1 = 0
X (L) = C 2 sen√λL = 0
sen√λL = 0
√λL = nπ
2
λ = ( nπ
L )

X (x) = C 2 sen nπx

L
∞
X (x) = ∑ C n sen nπx
L
n=1
∞
nπ 2
u(x, L) = ∑ An e−k( L ) + sen nπx
L
n=1

Ecuación 2:

T ´ + K λT = 0
m + Kλ = 0
T (t) = C 3 e−kλX
nπ 2
T (t) = C 3 e−k( L ) t
∞ nπ 2
T (t) = ∑ C n e−k( L ) t
n=1
Benítez Ramos Misael Matemáticas superiores 3AM2

Aplicando:
∞
u(x, 0) = ∑ sen nπx
L = x(L − x)
n=1
L
An = 2
L ∫ x(L − x)sen nπx
L xdx
0
L L
L
An = [(L ∫ xsen nπx
L dx − ∫ x sen L xdx)] 0
2 nπx
0 0
Para:
L
L ∫ xsen nπx
L dx
0

=L − ( XL nπx
nπ cos L + L2 nπx
n2 π 2 sen L ) =− L3 (−1)n
nπ

Para:
L
∫ x2 sen nπx
L xdx
0
2
2L2 x 2L3 nπx L
=− [− XnπL cos nπx nπx
L + n2 π 2 sen L − n3 π 3 cos L ] 0
L3 n L3 n 2L3 n 2L3
= L2 [− nπ (− 1) − (− nπ (− 1) − n3 π 3 (− 1) ) − ( n3 π 3 )]
3 n 2L3
= L2 [ − n2L
3 π 3 (− 1) + n3 π 3 ]
2 n
= 4L
π 3 (1 − (− 1) )

∞
4L2 n −k( nπ )2
u(x, L) = π3 ∑ (1 − (− 1) ) e L
sen nπx
L
n=1
Benítez Ramos Misael Matemáticas superiores 3AM2

3. Obtenga una solución de ecuación de onda con las siguientes condiciones:

u(0, t) = 0 u(π, t) = 0
1
u(x, 0) = 6 x(π − x)
∂2 y ∂2 y
∂t2
= c2 ∂x2
u2 ]t=0 = 0
u(x, t) = X (x)T (t)
X (x)T " (t) = c2 T (t)X " (x)
X" T"
X = c2 T
=− λ
Ecuación 1:
X (x) = X " + λX = 0
m2 + λ = 0
X (x) = C 1 cos√λX + C 2 sen√λX
X (0) = C 1 cos√λ(0) + C 2 sen√λ(0)
C1 = 0
X (L) = C 2 sen√λL = 0
sen√λL = 0
√λL = nπ
2
λ = ( nπ
L )
X (x) = C 2 sen nπx
L
∞
X (x) = ∑ C n sen nπx
L
n=1

Ecuación 2:

T " + c2 λT = 0
T (t) = C 3 cos nπc nπc
L t + C 4 sen L t
Para t´ (0) = 0
=− nπc nπc nπc
L C 4 sen L t + C 4 cos L t
C4 = 0
T (t) = C 3 cos nπc
L t
T (t) = C n cos nπc
L t
Benítez Ramos Misael Matemáticas superiores 3AM2

Aplicando:
u(x, t) = X (x)T (t)
= C n sen nπx nπc
L cos L t
∞
u(x, t) = ∑ An sen nπx nπt
L cos L
n=1
∞
u(x, 0) = ∑ An sen nπx
L = f (x)
n=1
∞
y (x, 0) = ∑ An sen nπx 1
L = 6 x(π − x)
n=1
L
An = 2
L ∫ f (x)sen nπx
L dx
0
L
An = 2
L ∫ ( 61 x(π − x))sen nπx
L dx
0
L
An = 21
L6 ∫ x(π − x)sen nπx
L dx
0
L
L2 nπx L L2 n
An = π ∫ xsen nπx Lx nπx
L dx = [( nπ cos L + n2 π 2 sen L )] 0 =− n (− 1)
0

L
x2 L 2L2 x 2L3 nπx L
An = π ∫ x2 sen nπx
L dx =− [−
nπx
nπ cos L + nπx
n2 π 2 sen L − n3 π 3 cos L )] 0
0
L3 n L3 n 2L3
An = nπ (− 1) − n3 π 3 (− 1) − n3 π 3
1 L2 n L3 n 2L3 n 2L3
An = 3L [ − n (− 1) + nπ (− 1) − n3 π 3 (− 1) − n3 π 3 ]
1 12 n L2 n 2L2 n 2L2
An = 3 [ − n (− 1) + nπ (− 1) − n3 π 3 (− 1) − n3 π 3 ]
n 2 n
1 −nπL(−1) −L n(−1)
An = 3[ n2 π ]
n 2 2
1 (−1) (−L+L ) n
An = 3[ nπ − n2L
3 π 3 (1 + (− 1) )]

∞ ∞
(L2 −L) (−1)n nπx nπc 2L2 n
u(x, t) = 3π ∑ n sen L cos L t − n3 π 3 ∑ (1 + (− 1) sen nπx nπc
L cos L t
n=1 n=1
Benítez Ramos Misael Matemáticas superiores 3AM2

4​. Resuelva la ecuación de Laplace para las siguientes condiciones:

u(0, y ) = 0 u(a, y ) = 0
u(x, 0) = u(x, b) = f (x)
∂2 u ∂2 u
∂x2
+ ∂y =0
u = X (x)Y (y)
X "Y + X Y " = 0
X " Y =− X Y "
X" Y"
X = −Y T =λ
Ecuación 1:
X " =+ λX
m2 =± √λ
X (x) = C 1 e+√λX + C 2 e−√λX
X (0) = C 1 e0 + C 2 e0
C 1 =− C 2
+√λa
X (a) = C 2 [e + C 2 e−√λa ] = 0
C2 = 0

Para λ = 0
X = C 1 cos√λX + C 2 sen√λX
X (0) = C 1 = 0
X (0) = C 2 sen√λa
∞
X = ∑ C n sen nπx
a
n=1
"
Y + XY = 0
m2 + λ = 0
Y " = C 1 e+√λX + C 2 e−√λX
Y " (0) = C 1 + C 2 = 0
C 1 =− C 2
−√λy
X (b) = C 2 [e + e−√λy ]
∞
nπy nπx
u = ∑ C n senh a sen a
n=1
∞
u(x, b) = f (x) = ∑ An senh nπb nπx
a sen a
n=1
Benítez Ramos Misael Matemáticas superiores 3AM2

a
An senh nπb
a =
2
a ∫ f (x)sen nπa xdx
0
∞
nπy
u(x, y ) = ∑ An sen nπx
a senh a
n=1
a
a ∫ f (x)sen a dx
An = a2 csch nπb nπx
0

Para condiciones b:
u(0, y ) = 0 u(a, y ) = 0
uy ]y=0 = 0 u(x, b) = f (x)
∞
x = ∑ C n sen nπ
a
n=1

y = C 1 e√λy + C 2 e−√λy
Y ´ (0) = 0
Y ´ = C 1 e√0y + C 2 e−√0y = 0
√λy
Y = C 1 [e + e−√λy ] = 0
Y = C n cosh√xy
∞
nπy
Y = ∑ C n cosh a
n=1
∞
nπy
u = ∑ An sen nπx
a cos a
n=1

∞
u(x, b) = f (x) = ∑ An cosh nπb nπx
a sen a
n=1
a
An cosh nπb
a =
2
a ∫ f (x)sen nπx
a dx
0
∞
nπy
u(x, y ) = ∑ An sen nπx
a cosh a
n=1
a
An = 2 nπb
a sech a ∫ f (x)sen nπx
a dx
0

Para condiciones C:
u(0, y ) = 0 u(a, y ) = 0
u(x, 0) = f (x) u(x, b) = 0
∞
x = ∑ C n sen nπx
a
n=1

y = C 1 e√xy + C 2 e−√xy
u(x, 0) = f (x)
Y ´ (0) = C 1 + C 2 = f (x)
Y ´ = C 1 e√ y + C 2 e−√ y = 0
Y = C 1 e√λb + C 2 e−√λb = 0
Benítez Ramos Misael Matemáticas superiores 3AM2

nπy cosh nπb nπy

Y = C 2 cosh a − C2 a
sen nπb
senh a
a
∞
nπy cosh nπb nπy
u = ∑ C n sen nπx
a (cosh a − C2 a
sen nπb
senh a )
a
n=1
∞
u(x, 0) = f (x) = ∑ An cosh nπb nπx
a sen a
n=1
a
An = 2
a ∫ f (x)sen nπx
a dx
0
∞ a
nπy cos nπb nπy
u= 2
a ∑ ∫ f (x)sen nπx nπx
a dx ((sen a (cosh a − C 2 sen nπb
a
senh a ))
a
n=1 0