Schrodinger’s equation

Schrodinger’s equation for a particle moves in 1D:


Mathematics operator for momentum is p   i 
x
Mathematics operator for energy of a particle with mass m and
acted on by force field with potential energy V(x) is:
2 2
H   V ( x)
2 m x 2

H  E

2  2
 E  V ( x)   0
2 m x 2

1
  2  2mE
V(0)= V(L)=  2 0
x 2

Where:
V(x)=0
0 L
X
( x  0)  ( x  L)  0
1 2
E  mv
Solution: 2
2mE
  m sin(kx) where k 
2
( x  L)  0 kL  n

2 mE n 
2 2
En 
n2h2
k  2  2
2

 L 8 m L2
 n x 
n  m sin  
 L 

2
V(0)= V(L)=

 n x  1 2
V(x)=0 n  m sin   E  mv
0 L
X  L  2

 
n=1 1 ( x  L2 )  m sin    m
2
n=2 2 ( x  L2 )  m sin    0
 3 
n=3 3 ( x  )  m sin    m
L

 2 
2

2mE  2 
2
mv  2
p
h
k2  2   
    h  
2

 
 2 

3
 Energy States and Energy Levels
The principles of quantum mechanics:
the energy of a particle (not acted on by conservative force field)
cannot change in a continuous manner
Schrodinger’s equation for a particle moves freely in 1 D is analogous to
the wave equation describing the propagation of a transverse wave in a
stretched string, fixed at both ends.
1
j  2L nj=1,2,3,.....
nj
h
p

h
pj nj
2L
If a particle is free to move in any direction (x, y, z axes) within a cubical
box of side length L then:
h h h
px  nx py  ny pz  nz
2L 2L 2L

p 2j  p x2  p 2y  p z2  
n x2  n 2y  n z2  h2
4 L2

p 2j  n 2j
h2
4L 2
n 2
x  n 2y  n z2  n 2j 
p 2j
h2
j  n 2
j
2m 8 m L2

p 2j
h2  3
2
j  n V 2
j
2m 8m
2 2
3 h 
If nx = ny = nz =1 then nj =3 and  j 
2 V 3
8m
There is only one state (one set of quantum numbers) having this
energy. This energy is therefore nondegenerate and gj =1.
In the next level, the states are:
nx ny nz 2
6 h2  3
2 1 1 j  V The degeneracy gj = 3
1 2 1 8m
1 1 2

n 2
x 
 n y2  nz2  n 2j  6 The degeneracy gj = ? (12)

A schematic representation of a set of energy levels, their degeneracies gj

and their occupation numbers Nj.

Nj  N
j

 j N j  U
j
(a) Tabulasikan nilai-nilai bilangan kuantum nx,
ny, dan nz untuk dua belas tingkat energi
terendah dari suatu partikel bebas yang
berada dalam sebuah wadah dengan
volume V. Nilai nx, ny, dan nz = 0, 1, 2, 3, ..
(tetapi tidak boleh semuanya bernilai nol
bersama-sama).
(b) Bagaimana degenerasi dari tiap tingkat
(energi)?
(c) Hitunglah energi pada tiap tingkat dalam
satuan h2/(8mV2/3)
(d) Apakah tingkat-tingkat energi tersebut
memiliki perbedaan energi yang sama satu
sama lain?