Proposal Outline (proposal lang haha edit nyo nalang haha)

I. What is communication
II. How do we communicate
A. Orality
B. Literacy
III. History of Orality and literacy (discuss cguro yung readings ni Ong?)
A. How it started with orality or storytelling + definition of orality
B. How literacy came in + definition of literacy
C. How orality remained and how both orality and literacy work together to
shape and influence modern society
IV. Convergence of media
A. What is the convergence of media
B. Orality to literacy
C. Traditional media to convergent media
1. Orality
2. Literacy
3. Writing revolution
4. Printing revolution
5. Mass media revolution
6. Entertainment revolution
7. Toolshed home revolution
8. Information highway
9. Importance of the revolutions as a whole to the societal
development (synthesis?)
D. Media convergence in the Philippine context
1. Explain philippine context
2. Site situations and examplesExamples
V. Conclusion or reflection or summary about media
A. Orality
B. Literacy
C. Convergent media (focus)

Module 1 The Changing landscape of Communication

Introduction
● Human developed oral communication (orality) first and then written
communication(literacy).
○ Understanding orality-literacy sets stage into how media and communication
work and how they shape culture and society.
● Communication is understood as the process of creating shared meanings among two or
more people.
● Every communication situation involves expression and interpretation.
 ● In a communication situation , there is an interchanging roles between communicators--
the sender and the receiver.

1.0 Orality and Literacy

● Our ancestors lack knowledge and tools of literacy (pen and paper), thus the practice of
orality (“storytelling”) was the only way to disseminate, consume and understand the
workings of their environment.
● At some point in history, humankind began to draw and write, ushering in the age of
literary storytelling.
● With the introduction of more sophisticated tools that aided a more advanced thought
process to address economic needs and other societal complexities, human kind has
continually sought to better the storytelling by inventing and reinventing the ways and
means of communication.
● Storytelling progressed from oral culture towards literacy when the words became
technologized.
● Despite the advances of literacy, orality remained.

- for video -
First bullet and Second Bullet
- cavemen — background is the “paleolithic era”
- talking symbols on top of cavemen (“the practice of orality was the only way to
disseminate…”)

Progression of Storytelling scene ​(“storytelling by inventing and reinventing…”

- cave drawings.
- scroll
- book ( hardbound )
- globe (symbolizes internet) - ​which will progress to laptops and cellphones
● after the technology, show speech bubble to symbolize orality
(“orality remained”)

2.0 Traditional Media, Mass media, New Media

● Tools of Inscription (pen and paper)
○ Revolutionized storytelling
○ Enables storytellers to disseminate to a larger audience at vast distances
○ Media or tools of communication plays an important role in the permanence and
mobility of culture among individuals, groups, communities.

- for video -

Tools of Inscription
- storybook opening
- pages will be filled by text and images in the video
 - pen and paper in the background. // behind the storybook.
- globe — w/ red tracks
- mini books travelling to diff places
- closing scene: different groups of people enjoying books/laptops (diff. culture)

3.0 Media Convergence and Blurring of Genres

● Convergence of Media
○ Not limited to having same message content (not just---radio-sounds,
newspaper-text)
○ It is a digital technology that has made possible the merging of text, audio, and
video in the ways the surpasses conventional boundaries between media
(telecommunications, broadcasting, mobile digital system)

- video -
Convergence of Media

- if title included: mEdia convergence & blurring of genres

blurring of genres: ​strips of black paper will cover the title alternately

- inside a box (to symbolize being limited) : speech bubbles, radio with music notes, and
newspaper with alphabets surrounding it
- digital technologies with texts and music notes and videos will merge into
telecommunications (satellite) this will pop out of the box

4.0 The Dialogism of Convergent Media

● There is a dialogic relationship among media in their convergent form.
● According to Bakhtin(1981), past cultural works are continually informed by the present
versions of the same cultural work,(vice versa), not as a matter of influence but as a
continual dialogue that oscillates both ways.
● According to Spicheva (2014), all manifestations of culture are combined in the digital
universe which emerges the past, present and the future manifestations of the
communicative thought in a gigantic historical supertext.

Conclusion
● Oral to written form
● Traditional to convergent media
 ● As technology advances, it increases the influences of the stories from immediate
communities to larger communities with far-reaching effects
● The advent of internet has allowed ordinary people to disseminate their own stories
● Communication practiced today is multifaceted and complex
● We need to develop critical understanding of the role of communication in order to
address various challenges confronting society and to build a better world for all.

Information Revolution by Fangs

● The wish to remember something by writing it down led over the course of millennia to
the start of the first information revolution.
● Information revolution is a subtle evolution or changes in the means of communication
that permanently affects entire societies, political structures, economic development,
communal activities and personal behavior.
● Information revolution creates changes
● The new media of information becomes part of the changing society
● One or more new communication technologies can lead to an information revolution that
leaves permanent mark on the society
● 6 information Revolution
○ Writing Revolution
■ Began in Greece (phonetic alphabets and egyptian papyrus) 8th Century
B.C
■ Writing used to store knowledge so that humankind would no longer be
constrained by the limits of memory
○ Printing Revolution
■ Began in Europe 15th Century
■ Chinese invented paper to replace papyrus
■ Johannes Gutenberg assembled the first printing press
■ With printing, information spread through many layers of society
■ Printing marks as the start of the modern world
○ Mass Media Revolution
■ Began in Western Europe and eastern United States at mid 19th Century
■ Advances in paper production and printing press methods
■ Invention of telegraph has changed the way information is conveyed;
easier dissemination
○ Entertainment Revolution
■ Began in Europe and America at the end of 19th Century
■ Movies, cameras, novels
■ Cheaper and more entertaining newspaper and magazines
○ Communication Toolshed Home Revolution
■ Mid 20th century
 ■ Transforming home as a central location for receiving information and
entertainment
■ All forms of communication is available at the comfort of your home
■ Television, phone, Postal services, Phone, radio, videotape
○ Information Highway
■ Convergence of computer, broadcasting, satellite and visual technologies
■ Innovations in media changed culture, and pulled people away from each
other.
■ Virtual communication in cyberspace
■ Computer, multimedia, internet (world wide web), electronic cash
(e-cash), online news

MEDIA CONVERGENCE IN THE PHILIPPINES

Example #1
● Eat Bulaga - is the longest running Philippine noontime show which started in 1979 (36
years)
○ Eat Bulaga’s social media presence pales in comparison to those of Anne Curtis
and Vice Ganda, the stars in its rival noontime show, It’s showtime
○ Things change when they brought in Maine Mendoza in their segment, Juan
for All, All for One
○ By bringing Mendoza in, Eat Bulaga has ensnared her by then a million
Facebook Friends, about a million Twitter Followers and almost 100,000
YouTube subscribers to her site
● The viral​ Dubsmash​ application was integrated in the show
■ Dubsmash
● Mobile application used to create short selfie videos while doing lip
sync to famous sounds
■ Maine Mendoza
● Became an internet sensation with her compilation of Kris Aquino
Dubsmash videos
● “Queen of Dubsmash”
● The Juan for All, all for Juan segment introduced the character of
Mendoza as ‘Yaya Dub” (Nanny Dub) still doing dubsmash.
■ Alden Richards, a Filipino Actor
● was watching her do live impersonation on the show's live split
screen. The hosts teased them and both of them played along and
“flirted” with each other live on TV (July 16, 2015) – this marked
the beginning of the first ​KalyeSerye or street series in the
Philippines​, starring the accidental love team turned
phenomenon called AlDub Kalye Serye
 ● “Teleserye” which inculcates good Filipino values and carries
entertainment factor for its viewers. But #AlDub is not your usual
teleserye.
■ It is a​ kalyeserye​,
● Happening right in the streets intimately familiar to our people
which brought the fun out from the noontime studio into the
villages and people’s homes [2]. Aside from the onscreen
chemistry of the two, Kalye Serye follows a no strict script and
filled by Filipino values.
SIDE NOTE:
★ The ​old idea of convergence was that all devices would converge into one single
product that did everything for you (Cheskin Researh, 2002)
★ Convergence is more than a technological shift. It is a cultural shift where consumers
are encouraged to seek new information, interact with one another and create new
meanings of old concepts at a dispersed media. (Henry Jenkins)
★ Convergence Culture is a cultural process where media creation and content also
converges and removes the boundary on the roles of the consumer, producer,
organization and the advertisers. (Henry Jenkins)
★ Convergence culture as the by-product of the collision between traditional and new
media. (Henry Jenkins)
★ WE ARE LIVING IN A CONVERGENCE CULTURE.

REFERENCE:

● Arceo, G. M. (2017). Traditional and New Media Convergence on Philippine Noontime

Show, Eat Bulaga. ​SHS Web of Conferences,33​, 00019.
doi:10.1051/shsconf/20173300019

EXAMPLE #2

A.
● Web Radio
○ Two Kinds of Radio
■ Terrestrial Radio - traditional form of radio
■ Conventional Radio - present-day radio that is converged with new media
○ Enhanced interactivity due to media convergence
■ Community formation and feedback has been made possible
■ Facebook and Twitter allowed more engagement with the listeners
● Pioneer Terrestrial stations that streamed on the Web
○ Monster Radio
○ Home Radio
○ NU
 ○ DWRT
○ Manila Broadcasting Company Radio Stations
■ DZRH (2006)
■ Love Radio
■ Yes FM
● ADVANTAGES FOR RADIO STATIONS
○ Terrestrial Radio industry rides on the popularity of the internet
■ Online presence through the radio station’s website or web radio can
affect their popularity
○ The presence of radio on the Web gives it a universal audience
○ One advantage of having web radio station is that the visual elements that are
not seen on the radio can be posted on their website and other social networking
site
■ Images and Videos in their websites

B.
● WISH 107.5
○ One of the fastest rising all-hits radio stations in the metro, not only grants song
requests but also the listener’s own personal wishes
○ Launched on August 10, 2014
○ WISH 107.5 BUS
■ The country’s first and only FM-on-wheels
■ Became the most-sought performance stage for both iconic and
emerging acts.
■ Wish 107.5 Bus took the traditional radio experience beyond the
four-walled booth as it traversed the path that has not been trodden by
any other music institutions before and brought music right where
most of the listening public are — streets, roads, and parks.
○ WISHCLUSIVES
■ The station decided to film the concert-level radio gigs of its favorite
artists.
■ They only highlight the performing acts — local and global music stars,
icons and fast-rising artists — on board the Wish 107.5 Bus, the
videos serve as a crowning moment that puts nothing but pure talent
on spotlight.
■ Available on their website and even on youtube
○ WISH 107.5 APP
■ It is loaded with exciting features such as live audio streaming, news
feed updates, and an access to more Wishclusive contents.

REFERENCES:
 ● Viray, R. D., & Viray, T. B. (2014). ​The Convergence of Philippine FM Broadcast Radio
with the New Media(​ Unpublished master's thesis). University of the Philippines.
Retrieved December 8, 2018 from
http://iskwiki.upd.edu.ph/flipbook/viewer/?fb=2010-29148-THE-CONV#page-1
● Soriano, A. (2012). ​Web Radio in the Philippines: Creating a New Workforce for Media
Networks​(Unpublished master's thesis). University of the Philippines. Retrieved
December 8, 2018, from http://iskwiki.upd.edu.ph/flipbooks/WebRadioin1355/
● Retrieved December 8, 2018 from https://wish1075.com/about/

SCRIPT

● Orality and the emergence of Literacy.

(1.0) Our ancestors lacked the knowledge and tools of literacy, like pen and paper, due to this
predicament oral communication through storytelling became the only way to disseminate
information. When humankind learned of how to draw and write, it marked the dawning of
literary storytelling. With the introduction of literacy, which enabled people to construct thoughts
and other complexities, various methods were invented and reinvented in order to improve the
means of communication. However, despite the advancements that literacy introduced, orality
still remained.

This orality that we exhibit as literate people is different from the orality of people completely
unfamiliar with writing, called primary orality. Though words are grounded in oral speech, like
how you can hear and understand what I’m saying, writing locks them into a visual field, like the
subtitles you’re reading right now. A literate person cannot fully recover a sense of what a
certain word is to purely oral people.

● Tools of Inscription
(2.0) Literacy has worked side by side with orality and at the same time brought to improve
orality as it revolutionized storytelling. The rise of literacy resulted from the invention of the tools
of inscription namely the pen and the paper. Through these tools, people from different parts of
the world were given a pathway to disseminate their information and ideas to a larger audience
across the globe. The writing revolution has also brought each and every culture, regions, and
continent to develop awareness within each other as it establishes permanence and mobility of
their culture among individuals, groups and communities.

● Media Convergence and Blurring of Genres

(3.0)Due to the continuous revolution of media and information dissemination, it has
brought about the uprising of media convergence and the blurring of genres. The convergence
of media is different from the traditional media that is limited to disseminating same message
content such as the radio relying on the audio or the newspaper relying on the visuals, such as
texts and images. It is a phase where the new media integrates with each other. It is a digital
technology that made possible the merging of text, audio, and video in the ways that surpasses
conventional boundaries between media.

Not only did it integrate different media forms, but it also ushered in an era of
interconnection of information and cross-media content. Since a wide array of content can be
accessed with a single device, industry standards transformed and it is now expected, for
example, that a news organization not only provide information through text and images but
through videos and podcasts as well.

But even with all these changes, past cultural works are continually informed by the
present versions of the same cultural work and vice versa, not as a matter of influence but as a
continual dialogue that oscillates both ways. For example, newspaper journalists use social
media in gathering information.

All manifestations of culture are combined in the digital universe which merges the past,
present, and the future manifestations of the communicative thought in a gigantic historical
supertext.

● Convergence Media
The revolutionary convergence of media is visible in the progressing world, especially to
the Philippines. In the philippine context, convergence of media plays a big role in our culture.
Eat Bulaga is the longest running Philippine noontime show but its social media presence pales
in comparison to its rival noontime show.
Things change when they brought in Maine Mendoza, “Queen of Dubsmash” into their
segment, Juan for All, All for Juan. Through her, eat Bulaga ensnared a million Facebook
Friends, about a million Twitter Followers and almost 100,000 YouTube subscribers.
In the show’s live split screen, Alden Richards was watching her do impersonations.
They were a couple that emerged through people’s teasing cajoles which they played along with
— and Soon enough, it marked the beginning of the first Kalyeserye in the Philippines.

● Convergence Culture

You see, the old idea of convergence was that all devices would converge into one
single product that did everything for you but it is actually more than just a technological shift. It
is a cultural shift wherein we seek new information, interact with one another and create new
meanings of old concepts at a dispersed media.
Convergence Culture is a cultural process where media creation and content also
converges and removes the boundary on the roles of the consumer, producer, organization and
the advertisers. Convergence culture is the by-product of the collision between traditional and
new media.
WE LIVE IN A CONVERGENCE CULTURE.
Things na ginawa natin sa stop motion
● Titles (Orality, Literacy, Convergent Media)
● Caveman na naging Mr.Bean
● Ung mga crinumple na gawa ni kyle
● Book ni Pia Warain
● Globe na hati with mini books
● Ung mga flags na may tao
● Box na maraming laman
● Eat Bulaga
● Convergence Culture