Republic of the Philippines

SULTAN KUDARAT STATE UNIVERSITY

College of Teacher Education
ACCESS Campus, EJC Montilla, Tacurong City

LEVELS OF CULTURE AND THE

BAGOBO TRIBE
REPORT IN CULTURES IN MINDANAO

Prepared by:

1. Sanchez, Hannie Babe

2. Paculanan, Jovee Ann
3. Sullano, Joleen May
4. Garcia, Aira Joy

Submitted to:

Prof. Jazer Castañeda

 Levels of culture

Group 3:

Sanchez, Hannie Babe

Paculanan, Jovee Ann

Sullano, Joleen May

Garcia, Aira Joy

Culture

-is defined as the set of learned behaviors and beliefs that characterize a society
or people group. Simply put, it is what makes people group a people group. It’s their
beliefs, attitudes, and ideals. It is their art, their religion, their clothing, their diet, their
entertainment. It is all that makes them them.

International culture

-is culture that extends beyond national borders. With definition in mind, the
international culture is sometimes called as universal culture.

National culture

This represents the beliefs and practices shared by the citizens of the same
nation. It is what makes an American an American and an Italian an Italian.

Subculture

Is defined as the beliefs and attitudes that separate groups within the same
broad cultures. As a layer of culture, subculture is often made up of differences in
religion, socioeconomic status, and even race.

Local culture

is everything that we create and share as part of our lives in the place where we
live or work. It recognizes the expertise that people have in living their daily lives.

BAGOBO TRIBE

Are by origin a nomadic tribe, they travelled from one place to another by hacking
their way through the virgin forest.

Bagobo came from the words “Bago” means “new” and “Obo,Obbo,Uvu” means
“Growth or Grow”.
 They are from Mindanao, Philippines. Bagobo’s traditional costume includes their
pangulabe (colorful necklaces0, tapis (women’s skit made o abaca), kobol (bag from
dried roots.), lolen (headdress from horse or chicken feather), and their pankis
(bracelet).

They are composed of three (3) sub-groups:

a. Tagabawa;

b. Clata or Guiangan; and,

c. Ubo

TAGABAWA

Is one of the most the colourful tribes as seen in their costumes

Ubo

Is a Manobo sub-tribe found between the more isolated mountains of Southwest

Cotabato in the area called Datal Tabayong and farther down Davao del Sur

BELIEFS

They feared the Anitos, spirits which include deceased ancestors and nature-
spirits or Diwatas, who could grant their desire through offering of sacrifices.

Apo Sandawa ruled as God.

Mount Apo is the Bagobo ancestral domain and sacred place of worship.

NORMS

 The daily activities are marked by rituals.

 Do the harvesting.
 Offer areca nuts, betel leaves, food, clothing, and brass instruments, all
placed on special altars for the blessing.

MARRIAGE

 Parental decision
 Friendly accommodation
 Symbol of obligation
 Wedding feast
 Commitment and privilege
 Dowry practices

BIRTH PRACTICES

 Midwife tokens
 Kill the triplets babies
ACCESSORIES

 Cloth are made from abaca

 Men wear a close-fitting undershirt
 Men have a hemp cloth bag
 Men keep their long hair
 Women wear close-fitting jacket
 Women have bangs

OTHER PRACTICES

 Polygamy
 Slavery

VALUES

 Friendly-traders
 Industrious
 Obedient

ECONOMY

 The primary means of subsistence is swidden agriculture. Rice and corn are
rotated.
 Other products are: copra, coffee and cacao, fruits, and vegetables.
 Trade has opened intertribal and interracial relations.
 The money economy, while decreasing the level of self-sufficiency, has
helped improve production, transportation, and communication.
 Basketry is done by both sexes.

POLITICAL SYSTE M

The bagobo settlement became a municipality administered by:

 Mayor
 Vice mayor with the assistance of the municipal council
 Barangay captain of the Poblacion
 Sangguniang bayan members
 Municipal development officer
 Municipal planning and development coordinator

POLITICAL STRUCTURE
It composed of Cheiftains called “Matanum” the council of elders, the Magani’s,
the Babaylans and the slaves called “Al-lang” in the native dialect. The political leader
and the Datu in the village attains his position by virtue of wealth, speaking ability and
knowledge of customary law called fendan. Once a fine is set or imposed by the Datu,
the accused has to pay it to the aggrieved party and if he cannot pay he will become
servant to the one who pays for him. This practice is called dok.

TRADITIONAL BAGOBO SOCIETY IS DIVIDED INTO THREE CLASSES:

 The Bagani class

The Datu was the chief Bagani his main function was to be a judge, an arbiter,
and a defender of the tribe. As the Bagani was held in high esteem , so his opposite, the
matalo or a man who has never killed a person or has no desired to fight was scorned.

 Mabalian or Priestesses class

Elderly women who were usually distinguished as skilled weavers\
 Slave class

Composed of women and children taken during raids. Slave women sometimes
became concubines of their masters; if so, their children considered free because theirs
fathers were freemen

PERFORMING ARTS

 Tagungguan

VISUAL ARTS AND CRAFTS

 Traditional clothes and jewelry

 Bagobo tie-ye abaca fibers in deep red, maroon, and black

THE BAGOBO DANCE

Miyamas Neng Ommoy

The dance portrays a step by step cycle rice culture; from planting, harvesting to
thanksgiving rituals for a bountiful rice harvest.

Ommoy is the Bagobo term for the rice grains without husks.