Scanner :

An image scanner—often abbreviated to just scanner, although the term is ambiguous

out of context (barcode scanner, CT scanner etc.)—is a device that optically scans
images, printed text, handwriting or an object and converts it to a digital image.
Commonly used in offices are variations of the desktop flatbed scanner where the
document is placed on a glass window for scanning. Hand-held scanners, where the
device is moved by hand, have evolved from text scanning "wands" to 3D
scanners used for industrial design, reverse engineering, test and
measurement, orthotics, gaming and other applications. Mechanically driven scanners
that move the document are typically used for large-format documents, where a flatbed
design would be impractical.

Type:
1. Drum
2. Flatbed
3. CCD Scanner etc.

Digital printer:
Digital printing refers to methods of printing from a digital-based image directly to a variety of
media. It usually refers to professional printing where small-run jobs from desktop publishing and
other digital sources are printed using large-format and/or high-volume laser or inkjet printers. Digital
printing has a higher cost per page than more traditional offset printing methods, but this price is
usually offset by avoiding the cost of all the technical steps required to make printing plates. It also
allows for on-demand printing, short turnaround time, and even a modification of the image (variable
data) used for each impression. The savings in labor and the ever-increasing capability of digital
presses means that digital printing is reaching the point where it can match or supersede offset
printing technology's ability to produce larger print runs of several thousand sheets at a low price.

Camera:
A camera is an optical instrument to capture still images or to record moving images, which are
stored in a physical medium such as in a digital system or on photographic film. A camera consists
of a lens which focuses light from the scene, and a camera body which holds the image capture
mechanism.
The still image camera is the main instrument in the art of photography and captured images may be
reproduced later as a part of the process of photography, digital imaging, photographic printing. The
similar artistic fields in the moving image camera domain are film, videography, and cinematography.
The word camera comes from camera obscura, which means "dark chamber" and is the Latin name
of the original device for projecting an image of external reality onto a flat surface. The modern
photographic camera evolved from the camera obscura. The functioning of the camera is very
similar to the functioning of the human eye. The first permanent photograph was made in 1825
by Joseph Nicéphore Niépce.
Image capture
Traditional cameras capture light onto photographic plate or photographic film. Video and digital
cameras use an electronic image sensor, usually a charge coupled device (CCD) or a CMOS sensor
to capture images which can be transferred or stored in a memory card or other storage inside the
camera for later playback or processing.
Cameras that capture many images in sequence are known as movie cameras or as ciné cameras
in Europe; those designed for single images are still cameras.
However these categories overlap as still cameras are often used to capture moving images
in special effects work and many modern cameras can quickly switch between still and motion
recording modes.

Smartphones:
Smartphones are a class of mobile phones and of multi-purpose mobile computing devices. They
are distinguished from feature phones by their stronger hardware capabilities and extensive mobile
operating systems, which facilitate wider software, internet (including web browsing over mobile
broadband), and multimedia functionality (including music, video, cameras, and gaming), alongside
core phone functions such as voice calls and text messaging. Smartphones typically include
various sensors that can be leveraged by their software, such as a magnetometer, proximity
sensors, barometer, gyroscope and accelerometer, and support wireless communications protocols
such as Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, and satellite navigation.”

Graphics Software:
In computer graphics, graphics software refers to a program or collection of programs that enable a
person to manipulate images or models visually on a computer.
Computer graphics can be classified into distinct categories: raster graphics and vector graphics,
with further 2D and 3D variants. Many graphics programs focus exclusively on either vector or raster
graphics, but there are a few that operate on both. It is simple to convert from vector graphics to
raster graphics, but going the other way is harder. Some software attempts to do this.
In addition to static graphics, there are animation and video editing software. Different types of
software are often designed to edit different types of graphics such as video, photos, and drawings.
The exact sources of graphics may vary for different tasks, but most can read and write files.
Most graphics programs have the ability to import and export one or more graphics file formats,
including those formats written for a particular computer graphics program. Examples of such
programs include GIMP, Adobe Photoshop, CorelDRAW, Pizap, Microsoft Publisher, Picasa, etc.
PRACTICAL CLASS PROJECT FOR EVEN SEMESTER EXAMINATION 2019

B RAINWARE UNIVERSITY

DEPARTMENT OF MULTIMEDIA

TITLE OF THE PROJECT

ELEMENTS OF IMAGE MAKING

PROJECT SUBMITTED BY
NAME ROLL NUMBER

TUSHAR KAR BWU/BMW/18/015