FOREWORD

By saying thank you to the presence of God Almighty who has given inner strength
to all of us, and to his blessings and blessings so that we can carry out industrial
work practices (apprenticeship) and also complete this report well to meet the
requirements for certification of industrial work practices and evidence learning as
proof of responsibility for industrial work activities in the industrial world.
We make this apprenticeship report based on the experience and various data that
we have obtained during the implementation of internship activities at the Cocoa
Research Sub-Department of the Plantation and Horticulture Office of Southeast
Sulawesi.
The preparation of this report is made in such a way that it can be accepted and
understood by the supervisor and can be a reference for learning for younger
siblings who will also carry out apprenticeship and compile the results of the
apprenticeship report.
We hereby realize that this report cannot be structured properly without assistance
from various related parties. Therefore, we did not forget to say thank you to:
1. Mr. ArdI Amir Sp.d., MMpd as head of SMK Negeri 1 Watubangga.
2. Mr. Paulus Palullungan as Coordinator of the Cocoa Research Substation.
3. Ladies and Gentlemen as Industry Advisors on the Cocoa Research
Substation.
4. Ladies and Gentlemen as our Guiding Teacher at school.
5. Teachers and administrative staff of SMK Negeri 1 Watubangga who always
provide support and motivation in implementing apprenticeship.
6. Employees and administrative staff of the Cocoa Research Substation who
have provided good support and cooperation during the internship activities.
7. Colleagues - students and female students participating in the workshop
provide memorable experiences and togetherness and support during
internship.
As a writer fully aware that in writing this report there are still many shortcomings
contained in it, finally with all the ease of heart we expect suggestions - suggestions
from dear readers for the perfection of this report next.

Kolaka, April 2018.

EDI MAR

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

FOREWORD ........................................................................................................ i
TABLE OF CONTENTS ........................................................................................ ii
VALIDITY SHEET ................................................................................................. iv

CHAPTER I PRELIMINARY ................................................................................ 1

1.1. Background ............................................................................... 1
1.2. The Purpose Of Internship ....................................................... 1
1.3. Benefits Of Internship ............................................................... 1

CHAPTER II IMPLEMENTATION PRAKERIN .................................................... 2

2.1. General History of Industrial Premises ..................................... 2
2.2. The Purpose of Establishment an Industrial Place ................... 2
2.3. Organizational structure ............................................................ 3
2.4. Description of the main tasks and functions of the Cocoa
Research Substation facility ..................................................... 4
1. Job Description ................................................................... 4
2. Facilities of the cocoa research substation .......................... 5
3. Building ................................................................................ 5

CHAPTER III PRACTICE IMPLEMENTATION METHOD .................................. 6

3.1. The place of implementation of internship ................................ 6
3.2. Address of The Implementation of Practic Job Industrial ......... 6
3.3. Timing of Implementation of Practic Job Industrial .................... 6

CHAPTER IV RESULTS AND DISCUSSION .................................................... 7

4.1. Preparation of nursery location .............................................. 7
4.2. Generative propagation of cocoa plants (with seeds) ............ 8
4.3. Vegetative Propagation of plants (Shoot Top) ........................ 8
4.4. Vegetative Propagation (Side Link) ......................................... 9

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 4.5. Cocoa Land Preparation ........................................................ 11
4.6. Planting of Protective Trees ................................................... 12
4.7. Cocoa Planting ....................................................................... 13
4.8. The Introduction of Cocoa Varieties and Clones .................... 14
4.9. Weed and Control .................................................................. 15
4.10. Pruning of Cocoa Plants ...................................................... 18
4.11. Pests in Cocoa plants .......................................................... 19
4.12. Diseases in Cocoa plants ..................................................... 22
4.13. Fertilizer and Fertilization ..................................................... 23
4.14. Rorak ................................................................................... 25
4.15. Harvest and Post-harvest ..................................................... 25
4.16. Introduction to Laboratory .................................................... 28
4.17. Utilization of Cocoa Fruit Skin .............................................. 30

CHAPTER V CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS ........................................ 32

5.1. Conclusion .............................................................................. 32
5.2. Suggestion .............................................................................. 32
DOCUMENTATION ............................................................................................. 33
BIBLIOGRAPHY .................................................................................................. 39

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 VALIDITY SHEET

The undersigned below explain that:

NAME : EDI MAR
NISN : 0012531062
Areas of expertise: Agribusiness and Agrotechnology

Expertise Program: Plant Production Agribusiness

Has carried out industrial work practices (Prakerin) for Three Months, starting from
January 8, 2018 to April 9, 2018, students have the right to obtain certificate
certificates in accordance with the work performance obtained during carrying out
industrial work practices.

Approved ,

Industry Advisor Teacher Advisor

REZA PATRIA, SP KADEK DWIPAYANA, SP

NIP.19790114 200801 1 008 NIP.

Approve,

Head of SMK Negeri 1 Watubangga Head of the Cocoa Research Substation,

ARDI AMIR S.Pd.,MM.Pd PAULUS PALULLUNGAN

NIP.19671014 199003 1 005 NIP.19600525 198703 1 013

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 CHAPTER I
PRELIMINARY
1.1. Background
Prakerin or PKL is an activity where students practice what they have learned
in school and apply it in the world of work. The internship certainly differs according
to their respective majors and expertise. Industrial work practice is a vocational high
school education curriculum that supports student learning activities through direct
industrial work practices in the world in accordance with certain study programs to
achieve work skills as a provision to work professionally.
To realize these goals, an educational system is known as the term "industrial
work practice (apprenticeship)" or also called "dual system education (PSG)". This
system is a form of education in professional expertise that systemically integrates
educational programs in schools with expertise programs through activities that work
directly and directed to reach certain professional levels. Professional expertise can
only be mastered through working directly on work in the field of profession that is in
the world of work. In connection with that, Vocational students at a certain level
follow direct industrial practice activities. For Vocational School, Department of
Agribusiness, Plant Crops and Horticulture, the deepening of expertise is carried out
in the place of agency or UPTD related to Plantation Crops and Horticulture.

1.2. The purpose of internship

The objectives of apprenticeship are as follows:
1. Add insight, abilities and skills in the field of agriculture
2. Increasing the efficiency of the education and training process for quality
and professional students
3. Strengthening conformity between schools and related agencies
4. Provide recognition and direction to the experience of industrial work
practices as part of the educational process
5. So that students can experience industrial work
6. To find out the pests of cocoa plants, post-cocoa harvest, utilization of
cocoa skin waste and laboratories.

1.3. Benefits of internship

a. Students can understand and learn more about the world in accordance
with the disciplines they have.
b. For comparison and reference information for younger siblings who will
later carry out industrial work practices

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 CHAPTER II
GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THE PRACTICE PLACE
2.1. General history of industrial premises
The Cocoa Research Substation was established in 2009, and in April 2010 the
Cocoa Research Substation began activities on September 9, 2010, inaugurated by
the Director General of Plantation of the Republic of Indonesia, Mr. Ir. Gamal Nasir,
Ms.
Built on an area of 20 ha, 2 ha for the location of office buildings, halls, official
houses, messes, buildings, management buildings and 18 ha for the location of the
experimental garden. The number of human resources is 18 people, consisting of 9
civil servants from 9 contract workers.
There were 8 cocoa research sub-substation officers who were determined to
have followed the research for 3 months in Malang, East Java. Each 4 people as
activity managers with undergraduate education level (SI) and 4 people as
implementers of activities with SPMA education level. In the middle of 2010, staff
from the UPTD BPSD were appointed to become the coordinator of the cocoa
research substation as well as being responsible for substation.

2.2. The purpose of establishing an industrial place

To support the development of the national cocoa community through simple
research find adaptive technology as well as a facility to disseminate the results of
research on cocoa development for farmers.
Development of the role and function of cocoa research substation
1. as a center for cocoa research for officers and farmers and students
2. Cocoa Information Center
3. Educational vehicle for students and students as well as the wider community
about cocoa
4. development of processing (downstream cocoa products).

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2.3. Organizational Structure

3
2.4. Description of the main tasks and functions of the Cocoa
Research Substation facility
A. Job description
The coordinator of the implementation of the cocoa research substation has
the task of preparing, evaluating, developing and reporting activities, in the cocoa
research substation.
To perform the task as intended, the cocoa research substation, cocoa and
horticulture research center, has the following functions:
a. The cocoa research substation coordinator has the task:
 Responsible for all activities carried out in the cocoa research substation
 Report the results of activities carried out in the cocoa research substation to
the head of the plantation production sector who oversees all activities in the
cocoa research substation
b. Activity manager
 Carry out activities that have become the responsibility of management
 Report the results of activities to the cocoa research substation coordinator.
c. Event organiser
Helping activity managers in carrying out their activities both in the garden and
outside the garden location
d. Security contractor
 Knowing all environmental conditions in the cocoa research substation
 Observe the safety of substation
e. Contract claning service
Maintain cleanliness in the environment both inside and outside the substation
area.
f. Contractor gardener
Maintain the garden situation and report the results from the garden

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B. Facilities of the cocoa research substation
Supporting facilities :
 Office roads (asphalt)
 Road gardens (hardening)
 Wall fence (around)
 Solar drayer
 10 boxes of cocoa fermentation box. 250 wet seeds
 Water tower with a capacity of 5 cubic feet
 Cacao nursery (using paranet) capacity of 15,000 seeds
 Nursery unit 2 units
 Garden house 4 pieces (fila)
 AWS (automatic wather system)
 Solar generator 6,000 wat and PLN power with a voltage of 600 wat
 Fish ponds
 Goats and cattle
C. Building
 Office building 1 unit
 Hall 1 unit
 Mosque 1 unit
 4-unit official residence
 Mess 3 units / 10 rooms
 Drying floor 1 unit
 Warehouse 1 unit
 Green house 1 unit
 Pengelolahan building 1 unit
 18 Ha experimental garden

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 CHAPTER III
PRACTICE IMPLEMENTATION METHOD

3.1. The Place Of Implementation Of Internship

Location of Industry Practices is carried out in the cocoa research substation
office of the Plantation and Horticulture Office of Southeast Sulawesi Province in
Lebo Jaya Village, Konda District, South Konawe Regency, Southeast Sulawesi
Province

3.2. Address Of The Implementation Of Practic Job Industrial

Address of Industry Practices in Lebo Jaya Village, Konda District, South
Konawe Regency, Southeast Sulawesi Province

3.3. Timing of Implementation of Practic job industrial

Industrial Internship is held on 8 January 2018 until 9 April 2018 with details of
the hours of entry Monday - Friday, namely morning at 08.00 - 11.00 WITA and
continued at 14.00 - 16.00 WITA

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 CHAPTER IV
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
4.1. Preparation of nursery locations
A. Selection of nursery location
The conditions for the location of the nursery are locations that are close to
the planting and located flat and near water sources to facilitate the maintenance
and maintenance of the seedlings.
B. Location cleaning
Cleaning the location by cutting or spraying or hoeing the grass then the
drainage or drainage must be made.
C. Tools and Materials
 Tools:
 Hoes
 Shovel
 Arco (lorries)
 Polygraph
 Shade or shade frames
 Paranet

 Material:
 Sand
 Land
 Manure

D. Filling in polybags
 Land acquisition
 Taking sand
 Taking manure
Soil, sand and manure ratio 2: 1: 2 then mixed until smooth. This must be in
accordance with the correct work procedures and then fill polybags with materials
that have been mixed with soil, sand, and manure must be done carefully so that the
poly bag is not damaged.

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4.2. Generative Propagation of Cocoa Plants (with Seeds)
A. Terms:
 Terms for taking cocoa fruit include:
 Healthy plant conditions
 Has high productivity
 As well as plants aged between 12-18 years.

 Criteria for cocoa fruit to be used as seeds or seeds include:

 The fruit is not too yellow and not too ripe
 Healthy cocoa fruit, not attacked by pests and diseases
 Cocoa beans are not flat or flat
 If the cocoa fruit is shaken, the cocoa beans in the fruit also shake
 The cocoa beans used are in the center
 Cocoa beans that have germinated are not good enough to become
 Seeds

B. Tools and Materials

 Tools:
 Trimming scissors
 Basin / bucket
 Gunny sack
 Knife

 Material
 Cocoa Beans
 Sand / rubbing ash
 Water

4.3. Vegetative Propagation of Plants (Shoot Top)

A. Understanding Connect sprout
Top joints or chupon grafting are united as candidates for upper stems and
lower stems so that new plants are adapted to each other in complex ways.
B. Top-up requirements
 Seeds are healthy and are 3-6 months old
 There must be an upper stem candidate (entres) and a rootstock in a
healthy state.
 There must be tools and materials.
 There must be an entres branch.

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C. Tools and materials
 Tools:
 Cutter
 Trimming scissors
 Tali rapiah
 Ice plastic

 Material:
 Branch entres.
 Rootstock or cocoa seedlings.

D. Top-up methods include:

 Entres are taken before the connection process is carried out.
 Seedlings are prepared to be made as rootstock.
 Entrepreneurs are cut along 2-3 leaf segments, then the rootstock is cut 10cm
long or leaves are left 3-4 leaves.
 Entres are slashed on the right and left.
 Then the rootstock is cleaved according to the incision of the entres.
 Then the enters are inserted or inserted into the lower stem hemisphere.
 Then tied with ice plastic that has been split lengthwise.
 Then the connection is closed using ice plastic and tied at the bottom of the
joint.
 Then the results of the connection are left to stand for 2-3 weeks and always
controlled growth and development and seen moisture or evaporation at the
connection.
 Buds are said to be successful if they have grown shoots at the entres.

4.4. Vegetative Propagation (Side Link)

A. Definition of vegetative propagation of plants
Side linking of cocoa plants is the technique of connecting or connecting the
top stem (entres) obtained from the parent plant or superior to the rootstock of cocoa
plants that have low productivity.
B. Side grafting requirements
 Pruning and fertilizing are carried out simultaneously, one month before side
grafting
 The age of the plant that is connected more than 16 years
 Productivity level is less than 500 kg / ha. 1 ha of 1000 trees are converted to
trees (0.5 kg / tree)
 The condition of the stem is not stricken with cancer or VSD.

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C. Terms of the stem of the entres
 Using clones that have superior properties.
 Minimum plants have produced 3 years (6-7 years).
 If from a tree that has been spliced at least 4 years.
 The parent tree is free of stem cancer or VSD.
 The diameter of the entres branch is at least 0.75 cm.
 Derived from plagiotrophic branches (can be seen from branches that grow
horizontally).
 The color of brownish green branches (branches that actively grow).

D. Tools and materials

 Tools:
 Grafting knife.
 Catter
 Trimming scissors
 Plastic lid
 Plastic string

 Material:
 Cocoa trees
 Branch entres

E. Ways - how to do side grafting:

 Entres are taken before the connection process is carried out.
 Selecting cocoa trees that are ready to be joined side by side.
 The skin of the cocoa tree is sliced by forming a window with a size adjusting
the entres. The distance from the surface of the ground is approximately 45 -
60 cm
 Entrances that have been sliced are inserted into sliced skin.
 Then cover it with plastic and tie it with a rope. Then the remaining plastic top
is folded down so that when it rains water does not enter the connection. And
maintain moisture so that air does not enter into the connection section.
 After two to three weeks and the bagong eye has come out, the rope ties and
plastic cover can be opened.
 After the age of 3-4 months the results of the connection can be moved from
polybags to the land that has been prepared. In the condition of not being
flushed.

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4.5. Cocoa Land Preparation
A. Definition of Cocoa Land Preparation:
 Preparation is things or activities that involve the introduction
 Land or land is a place or location where the physical and biotic environment
provides support for life and human health
 cacao is a plant or plant that will be cultivated
So cocoa land preparation is:
The activity of preparing land according to the type of cultivated plants for
optimal plant growth as a medium for growing plants will be taken for productivity so
that the selected land should have quality according to cocoa growth requirements.
The selection of land for cocoa cultivation obtained from the evaluation process aims
to ensure the productivity of the cocoa plant itself.

B. Land preparation includes:

1. Infrastructure Planning
Namely determining the location of the road or drainage and setting the
number of roads needed.
2. Land clearing
The location used for cocoa planting is usually in the form of land that was
previously empty and ordinary land containing food crops, annual crops and other
crops and therefore it needs to be cleaned, weeds and other plants that grow well by
cutting, and peeled with hoe cleaning. do not do burning because it can damage the
ecosystem of soil organisms, and cause forest fires and others that can be harmful.
3. Planting and Planting Spaces
a. Layout
Cocoa plants are planted from north to south or from east to west, so that the
plants get maximum radiation
b. Plant distance
The spacing depends on the conditions, usually if the soil is infertile, the
spacing used is narrower and if the soil is fertile, the plant spacing is wider. Cocoa
plants are generally planted using a distance of 3x3m.

c. Installation of stake or erection

Is a way to get points for the location of planting holes that are in accordance
with the spacing so that the lines between plants can be organized.

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  Function Stake:
 To find alignments between plants
 As a sign of planting cacao trees
d. Making planting holes
It is known that the size of planting holes for cacao trees is 60x60x60cm
 Tools:
 Hoes
 Shovel
 Advise
e. Work procedures
 Cleaning weeds around the place that will be used as planting holes.
 Then make a hole in a square (square).
 Then the topsoil (topsoil) is hoeed and separated.
 Then continue to make the desired planting hole.

4.6. Planting of Protective Trees

Protective trees are a group of plants that have a long canopy and broad leaf
and have trunks high enough to be used as shade for staple plants or cocoa.

A. Purpose of a protective tree:

 To protect or protect cocoa plants.
 To hold or block the wind.
 As an economic added value for farmers.
 As a conservation plant or prevent erosion.
B. Types of protective tree plants:
 Temporary protective trees for example; banana.
 Protective trees remain for example; Coconut, Gamal.
C. When planting protective trees:
 Temporary protective trees must be ready six months before planting cocoa.
 Protective trees must still be ready one year before Cocoa planting.
D. Planting tree spacing:
 Provisional spacing of protective trees: Banana 6x6.
 Fixed spacing of protective trees; Coconut 12x12, gamal 6x6.

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E. Losses caused by protective trees:
 Can damage cocoa canopy (leaves or twigs) when broken.
 As a competitor to get nutrients and water.
 If the atmosphere of the garden is too dark or moist it can be a source of
pests and diseases.
 Allelopathic

4.7. Cocoa Planting

A. Definition of planting
Planting is the activity of transferring seedlings from the nursery to agricultural
land to obtain production from cultivated plants.

B. The purpose of planting

Growing crops that are cultivated until they can produce.
C. Requirements for planting cocoa plants:
 Planting distance.
 The soil is fertile.
 Seeds used are not attacked by pests and diseases.
 Planting is better at the beginning of the rainy season.
D. Tools and materials
 Tools:
 Hoes.
 Artco.
 Material:
 Cocoa seedlings are ready for planting.
E. Work procedures
 The existing seedlings are placed in the planting hole in a perpendicular
condition
 Then the hole is covered with soil.
 Then the soil around the stem of the cocoa plant is loosened.

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4.8. The introduction of cocoa varieties and clones.
A. Definition of varieties and cocoa clones
1. Varieties
Varieties are groups of plants in a species (species) that are reproduced
generatively with different, uniform and stable properties or commonly referred to as
cultivars.
2. Clone
Clones are groups of plants in a species (species) that are reproduced
generatively with uniform and stable different properties.
B. Types of clones
In the Sulawesi region there are 7 clones that have been released by the
government, including;
 Sulawesi 01
 Sulawesi 02
 ICCRI 03
 ICCRI 04
 MCC 01
 MCC 02
 Skavina 06
C. There are 3 types of cocoa namely:
a. Criollo Cocoa
This cocoa is commonly called noble cocoa which includes the type of cocoa
that produces the highest quality cocoa beans with white seeds.
Advantages :
 The price is expensive.
 The seeds are large.
 Low fat and appetizing aroma.
Deficiency :
 Plant growth is less strong and production is relatively low.
 Easily attacked by pests and diseases.
 The fruiting period is slow.

b. Forastero Cocoa
This cocoa is called cocoa lindak which includes medium or bulk quality cacao
species with colored seeds.

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Advantages :
 Early fruiting period.
 Resistant to pests and diseases.
 High production

Deficiency :
 The price is cheaper.
 High fat
c. Cocoa trinitario
It is the result of a crossing of the type of criollo cacao and cocoa forastero.
Advantages:
 Not difficult to develop.
 Has large pieces of seeds.
 Has a more distinctive aroma and taste.
 Has a high selling price.

4.9. Weed and Control

A. Understanding weeds
Weed is a plant pest organism whose presence is undesirable on agricultural
land because it can reduce the yield of cocoa plants.
Weed classification:
a. According to age include:
 Seasonal weeds.
 Annual weeds
b. According to morphology
 Narrow leafy weeds.
 Jigsaw puzzles.
 Broadleaf weeds.
 Fern ferns.
c. According to habitat
 Water weeds; freshwater weeds and saltwater weeds.
 Land weeds.

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B. Weed on cocoa plants
a. Weeds in immature plants (WIP):
 Grass groups.
 Puzzle group.
 Broadleaf groups
b. Weeds in producing plants (WPP):
 Grass groups.
 Puzzle group.
 Broadleaf groups.
c. Weed on cocoa plants:
 Moss.
 Parasite

C. Negative weed impacts, namely:

 Inhibiting growth or delaying the development of producing plants, (precocity).
 Reducing production.
 causing damage to plants.
 Making work difficult in the garden
 Being a host of pests and diseases
 Causes moisture

D. Advantages of weeds are:

 Become organic matter.
 As animal feed
 As a cover of land or mulch

E. Ways to control weeds, namely:

a. Mechanically, namely:
 Pulling weeds by hand (weeds that are easily removed).
 Using tools (sickles, machetes, lawn mowers, tillage tractors).
b. Biologically, namely:
 Using natural enemies

16
 c. In technical culture, namely:
 Using cover crops.

d. Chemically, namely:
 Using chemicals (poison herbicides).

e. The herbicide is divided into two, namely:

 Contact herbicides.
 Systemic herbicides.

F. How to apply systemic herbicides by spraying:

a. Tools and materials:
 Tools:
 Tank
 Buckets
 Measuring cup (measuring cup)
 Hats
 Eyeglasses
 Masks
 Long-sleeved clothes
 Gloves
 Trousers
 Boat shoes

 Material:
 Herbicides; Roundup
 Water

G. Work procedures
Dosage known:
15 liters of water plus 100 ml of poison herbicide (roundup) in the tank
How:
Put 17 liters of clean water into the tank and put 100 ml of herbicide poison
into the tank then add 8 liters of water, then the tank containing the poison is sprayed
directly into the weeds try not to spray too high so as not to hit the main tree parts,
and do not fight wind direction.

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4.10. Pruning of Cocoa Plants
A. Definition of pruning
Pruning is the cutting or disposal of unwanted branches and shoots or is one
of the 3 important activities that affect fruit production.
Purpose of Pruning
1. Prevent plants from losing nutrients, during the vegetative growth phase
(formation of leaves and shoots)
2. To maintain plant health and increase fruit production.
3. Reducing the risk of pests and diseases.
4. Stimulate cocoa fruit formation.
5. In order to reduce absorption of nutrient elements, and to focus on flowers
and fruit formation.

B. Types of pruning
a. Trimming Shape
There are two phases of trimming the form, namely:
1. Phase of young plants
This pruning is carried out if the age of the plant is 8-12 months after the
primary branch appears (jorget), leaving 3 primary branches that are good and
symmetrical. Water shoots that grow under the jorget must be thrown away so as not
to become a new branch.

2. Adolescent plant phase.

This pruning is carried out if the age of the plant 12-24 months pruning is
carried out by removing all secondary branches that grow at a distance of 30-60 cm
from the jorget of branches that grow downward as well as being trimmed, as well as
to form a balanced branch formation.
b. Maintenance Trimming.
This trimming aims to reduce excessive vegetative growth, by trimming the
shoots of water (wiwilan) in the stem of the branch. Prune dry branches, diseased
branches, hanging branches, flipping branches and overlapping branches.
c. Pruning production.
This trimming is intended so that sunlight can enter but not directly so the
flowers do not dry out. And this pruning aims to maximize crop production. Pruning is
recommended twice a year namely heavy trimming in the rainy season and mild
pruning in the dry season.

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C . Types of pruned branches:

 water soriyt (wiwilan)

 Overlapping branches
 Branch returns
 Branches that hang and droop
 Branches that are sick and damaged
 Small, non-producing branches
 Fan branch

D. Pruning Techniques
1. Tools:
 Trimming scissors
 Parang
 Trimming saws
2. Working procedure:
 The method of pruning that can be done is:
1. Eliminate secondary branches that are no longer suitable for being
maintained which are weak or that grow too close to the jorget (about 30-
60 cm from the jorget).
2. Arrange the secondary branches not too close to the jorget. Try to make
the direction of the distribution of the secondary branches zigzag.
3. Cut the hanging branches and the growth is restricted so it is not too high.
Try to make the height of the cocoa plant reach 3-4 meters.
4. Parts of the canopy of plants that are too dense are reduced by a portion
of their leaves by cutting protected or shade branches.
5. Cutting off diseased branches or dry branches and removing rotten fruit.

4.11. Pests in Cocoa plants

A. Understanding Pests.
Pests are plant pest organisms caused by insects, mammals and other
animals whose symptoms and causes can be seen directly.
B. Pests.
a. Insect groups are:
 Cocoa fruit borer (PBK)
 Cocoa fruit-sucking ladybugs (helopeltis)
 Ulat kilan (Heyposidea)
 Beetles (apogonia sp)
 Stem borer (zeuzera sp)

19
b. Mammalian group, namely:
 Mice
 Wild boar
 Squirrels
 Monkey
C. Symptoms and Pest Control
a. Cacao fruit borer (PBK)
1. Symptoms of PBK are:
 Fruit becomes greenish yellow
 There is a hole in the former exit of larvae
 When the fruit is split the seeds stick together and are blackish in color
 Seeds do not develop and size becomes smaller

2. How to control, namely:

 Technical culture is cover crops or shade plants and intercropping plants
 Pruning is cutting or discharging a branch or branch that is sick
 Harvesting is often taking fruit which is not determined by the time of harvest
 Fruit shading is wrapping fruit with plastic or newspaper
 Sanitation is cleaning up the remnants of fallen leaves, fruit peels and twigs
around cocoa plants
 Fertilization is the provision of fertilizer on cocoa plants
b. Helopeltis
1. Helopeltic symptoms, namely:
 The affected cocoa fruit looks blackish brown.
 Young fruits that are attacked will dry out and fall out, but grow continuously,
the surface of the fruit skin cracks and changes in shape occur when it is
large
 Attack on old fruit, looks full of sunken brownish spots, hardened and cracked
skin
 The attack on the top of the twig causes the shoots to wither and die, the
twigs dry out and harden

2. How to control, namely:

 Technical culture is cover crops or shade plants and intercropping plants.
 Pruning is cutting branches or twigs on cocoa trees
 Harvest often is taking fruit which is not determined by the time of the pane
 Fruit dropping is packaging fruit with plastic or newspaper.
 Sanitation is cleaning up the remnants of fallen leaves, fruit peels, branches,
or twigs around the cocoa plant
 Fertilization is the provision of fertilizer on cocoa plants

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c. Caterpillar kilan (Hyposidea sp)
1. Symptoms of caterpillar disease, namely:
The young leaves that are attacked appear hollow and in severe attacks,
caterpillar worms that usually attack older leaves until only the bone dwells
2. How to control, namely:
 In sanitation it is cleaning up the remnants of fallen leaves, cocoa pods,
branches, twigs around cocoa plants.
 Mechanically it is looking for caterpillars found in cocoa trees
 Chemical insecticides are a chemical substance or liquid
d. Beetle (Apogonia sp)
1. Symptoms of beetles, namely:
 Young leaves that are attacked appear hollow
2. How to control, namely:
 Mechanically by searching for beetles in cocoa trees attacked by pests
 Garden sanitation is cleaning up the remnants of fallen leaves, fruit peels,
branches or twigs around cocoa plants
e. Borer (Zeuzera sp)
1. Symptoms of Zeuzera sp, namely:
 On the back of the skin, there is a ring shaped damage
 In the vicinity of the hole, the remnants of the hoop are found in a structure
that is scattered

2. How to control Zeuzera sp, namely:

 Sanitation is the cleaning of leaves, fruit peels, branches, and twigs around
cocoa plants
 In technical culture are cover crops, shade plants and intercropping plants
 Chemically using chemicals
 Biologically is using natural enemies or animals that are feared in this type of
pest

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4.12. Disease in Cocoa Plants
A. Definition of Disease
Diseases are plant-disturbing organisms caused by fungi, bacteria, viruses,
and can not be seen directly the cause but can be seen symptoms.
B. Types of Diseases that Attack Cocoa Plants
1. Rotten fruit
This disease is caused by a fungus phytopthora palmivora which can attack
young fruit until cooked.
 Recognition of symptoms, symptoms that appear to generally attack cocoa
fruit that appear black spots
 The spread of disease, the spread of the disease is helped by the humid
environment, especially during the rainy season
 Control of disease, chemically:
 Making Rorak is a hole on the right or left side of the cocoa tree
 Pruning is cutting or removing branches in the cocoa plant
 Mechanical control is by removing rotten fruits
2. Stem Cancer
This disease is caused by the fungus Phytopthora Palmivora
 Recognition of symptoms, symptoms that appear on the bark or branch skin
that shows black spots
 Disease spread, similar to fruit rot
 Control of disease, control of disease can be done by peeling rotten bark to
the limit of healthy skin

3. VSD (vascular streak dieback)

This disease is caused by Oncobasidium Theobromae
 Recognition of symptoms, symptoms of attacked plants, leaves yellowing
earlier than the actual time and black spots
 Spread of VSD disease, spread of disease through wind-borne spores and
vegetative plant material
 Control of VSD disease, by cutting affected branches and branches up to 30
cm in the still healthy part
4. Upas mushrooms
This disease is caused by Corticium Salmonicolor
 Symptom recognition, upas fungal disease can attack cocoa fungus infection
first occurs on the lower side of the branch or twigs.

22
  The spread of upas fungal disease, the attack begins with the presence of
thin mushroom threads like sultra, in the form of spider webs

Control of fungal disease can be done by mechanical means, namely cutting
off branches or sick branches and cleaning the mushroom threads that are
on the cocoa tree.

4.13. Fertilizer and Fertilization

A. Definition of Fertilizer and Fertilization
1. Fertilizer
Fertilizers are additional materials or compounds to increase soil and plant fertility,
their function is to improve their production.
2. Fertilization
Fertilization is an activity or implementation in providing fertilizer to land and plants.
B. Why Fertilization Must Be Done
1. Because the soil or plants lose nutrients
2. Depletion of the topsoil or topsoil
3. Decreasing soil organic matter
4. Nutrient imbalances
C. Four Right Implementation of Fertilization
1. On time
Is to determine the right time to determine the time or fertilize the plants to be
fertilized.
2. Right dosage:
 It is before the fertilization should analyze the soil or plants to be fertilized.
Then determine the right dose or the right one.

3. Right type
Is to do analysis in advance of the soil or plants before fertilizing or determining the
type of fertilizer to be used.
4. Right way
It is determining how to fertilize according to the soil or plant.

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D. Types of fertilizers
1. Origin:

 Organic fertilizers:
 Compost
 Manure
 Forage fertilizer
 Inorganic fertilizers
 Urea (N)
 Sp36 (P)
 Kcl (K)
 Npk (compound)
 Leaf Fertilizer
Advantages:

 It absorbs nutrients faster

 Faster growing new shoots
 Easy to apply to plants

2. Elemental content
Namely, among others:
 Single fertilizer: Urea, Sp36, and Kcl
 Compound fertilizer: NPK
 Complete fertilizer: containing all elements
E. work procedures
a. Tools and materials
 Tools:
 Hoes
 Buckets
 Measuring cup
 Arco
 Material
 Fertilizer
b. ways of working :
1. Make small excavations around plants that can be reached by the roots.
2. Then enter the fertilizer that has been provided with a predetermined dose.

24
 3. Then the hole that has been given fertilizer is closed.
F. Giving lime to plants
Chalk is given to acidic soil soils where there is PH between 1-5. Chalking is done to
neutralize the acidic soil conditions where 4 tons / hectare of lime is given.

4.14. Rorak
Rorak is a hole made beside the cocoa tree.
Rorak function:
 Litter storage
 Hold small branches or twigs
 Maintain clean land
 Resist erosion or cut slopes
 To place fertilizer
 To accommodate water during rain
 To accommodate fruit attacked by pests and diseases
 To reduce attacks of pests and diseases
 As a drainage (water channel)
The distance of making rorak holes from cocoa trees is 75-100 cm, rorak size:
40 cm long, 40-50 cm wide and 1 m deep. Rorak is very necessary for cocoa plants
because the rorak holds dried leaves which will become fertilizer and will return to
nature (gogrin) and can minimize chemical fertilizers.

4.15. Harvest and Post Harvest

A. Definition of harvest and post-harvest
1. Harvesting is taking ripe fruit, from plants that have been producing and
cooking physiologically that is cooking into or fulfilling the desired standard.
The characteristics of ripe fruit are characterized by the color of the fruit
groove:
 Green quality, if ripe yellowish.
 Skin is red or bronze, if it is ripe orange.
2. Post-harvest is an action or stage of processing the harvest carried out after
harvesting.
3. How to harvest cocoa fruit, namely when harvesting or taking or cutting fruit
should not be close to the fruit bearing, so as not to damage the prospective
flowers that will grow around the bearing.

25
B. Sorting cocoa fruit
The harvested fruits are selected or sorted, namely the separation or selection of
crops between good fruit and damaged fruit.
C. Ripening
Curing is a process to stimulate the maturity of the fruit so that it is evenly matured.
Destination of ripening:
 So that the process of cooking simultaneously or simultaneously
 Makes it easy when solving because the pulp melts.
D. Breaking the cocoa fruit
Breaking the cocoa fruit is splitting the fruit using hard logs, not using machetes
(avoiding sharp objects), or tools made of iron or sharp objects so as not to injure or
damage the seeds so that the cocoa beans are protected and kept clean.
E. Sorting Wet Seeds
 Seeds from healthy fruit bunches must be separated from seeds from
unhealthy fruit bunches
 In seeds derived from healthy fruit, the seeds are sorted by either flat or
wrinkled seeds
 Seeds that are wrinkled are mixed with unhealthy fruit seeds and fermented
separately or immediately dried
F. Fermentation
Is one of the most important stages in the processing of seeds. The minimum
temperature needed for the fermentation process is 45c-52c. The fermentation time
is carried out for 4-5 days. The main purpose of fermentation is as follows.
 To remove pulp from seeds, and facilitate the release of pulp from cocoa
beans.
 Negating the viability of seeds.
 Providing opportunities for the formation of potential tastes, colors, scents
and eliminating bitter and lax taste.
Fermentation methods:
 Cocoa beans are put into the first coffin (top level) to a height of 40-60 cm. In
order to achieve a fermentation temperature of 45 degrees Celsius-52
degrees Celsius. Then the surface is covered with burlap sacks or banana
leaves.
 After 48 hours (2 days) the cocoa beans are reversed by being moved to the
second crate (bottom level) while stirring. Then the surface is still covered
with a gunny sack or banana leaf.
 After 5 days from the first day, the cocoa beans are removed from the
fermentation and ready for the next process, which is drying.

26
G. Drying.
Drying is the process of removing water using heat until the water content is
balanced with the condition of the surrounding air or to the level of water content
which will result in quality being maintained from fungal attacks and insect activity,
water content 6-7.5% is considered safe from fungal attack.
Drying Continuation:
Drying in two ways:
 Drying with the sun for 5 days at least 7 hours / day is turned back /
scratched 2 times a day.
 Solar drayer, this is carried out in the rainy season back and forth twice a day
with drayer at 30-40c for 5 hours scratched / good 3 times / day.
 Drying is stopped after the water content reaches 7.5%.
H. Sorting dried seeds
Sorting cocoa beans is done for:
 Dispose of mammal feces.
 Separating broken seeds, foreign objects.
 Separating waste (waste) in the form of: placenta, broken seeds, broken skin,
flat seeds, putty seeds, twigs and other objects.
 Separating sprout seeds
I. Packaging
 Cocoa beans are packed into clean burlap sacks weighing +62.50 kg.
 Burlap sacks neatly sewn, using a hand-stitching machine.
J. Storage or storage
a. Storage must be carried out properly and well, considering the hygroscopic
nature of the cocoa, the warehouse needs to be considered in order to avoid
damage due to:
 Water absorption.
 Attack on insects and mice.
 Do not store together with other products that cause foreign odor
contamination.
b. The cacao packaging is stored on a pallet 10 cm high, and a maximum sack
of 10 burlap sacks.
c. Distance from wall + 40 cm (passable for control)

27
4.16. Introduction to Laboratory
A. Making PDA media for fungal growth (fungus)
1. How to make PDA media (potatoes + sugar + gel)
 Tools:
 Erlenmeyer
 Pan
 Stove
 Knives
 Cutting board
 Glass chemistry
 Petridisk
 Test tube
 Pipettes measure
 Rubber pipettes
 Scales
 Needle ose
 Autoclave
 Bunsen lights
 Laminar flow
 Spoon
 Material:
 Potatoes 100 grams
 Sugar 10 grams
 White agar 8.5 grams
 Aquadest 500 ml
 Clorampenicol 1 gram
 Cotton
 Aluminum foil
 Alcohol
How to make:
1. Weigh the ingredients and peel the potatoes, then cut into cubes or thinly
sliced.
2. Boil the potatoes with 500 ml of aquadest cook until the potatoes are slightly
soft.
3. Strain the potatoes and then take the juice and place it with a 500 ml beaker.
4. If the filter is less than 500 ml, add the aquadest again until it reaches 500 ml
5. Then add 8.5 grams of gelatin and 10 grams of sugar. Stir well
6. Boil water in a pan or put a beaker in the pan (cook it like in a team) stir until
the sugar and completely dissolve and there are no lumps.
7. Insert the finished PDA media into the 500 ml Erlenmeyer and sterilize it
8. After sterilizing, store for 24 hours or until it is completely cold and then
inoculated with the fungus, for example: Tricoderma sp

28
2. How to make pure PDA media
 Tools:
 Erlenmeyer
 Pan
 Stove
 Glass chemistry
 Petridisk
 Test tube
 Needle ose
 Bunsen lights
 Autoclave
 Scales
 Laminar flow
 Spoon
 Material:
 The PDA is ready to be 19.5 grams
 Clorampenicol 1 gram
 Aquadest 500 ml
 Cotton
 Aluminum foil
 Alcohol
How to make:
1. Weigh the ingredients and PDA dissolved in 500 ml of aquadest, and heat
until the PDA dissolves.
2. After dissolving add Cloramphenicol
3. PDAs that have been added to Cloramphenicol are inserted into Erlenmeyer
4. Sterilize using Autoclave
5. Cool and ready to be inoculated with Trichoderma mushrooms
3. How to Make Liquid Media Ready for Application
 Tools:
 Erlenmeyer
 Stove
 Pan
 Glass chemistry
 Bunsen lamp
 Autoclave
 Osse needle
 Knife
 laminar flow
 Scales
 Spoon

29
  Material:
 100 grams of potatoes
 10 grams of sugar
 Aquadest 500 ml
 Cotton
 Aluminum foil
 Alcohol
How to make:
1. Weigh the material needed according to existing provisions.
2. Peel the potatoes then cut into cubes or slice them thinly.
3. Boil potatoes with 500 ml of aquadest cook until the mixture is slightly soft.
4. Strain the potatoes then take the juice, place it in a 500 ml chemical glass.
5. Then add 10 grams of sugar. Stir well.
6. Put the finished solution into the erlenmeyer, then sterilize it with autoclave.
7. After being sterile, store it until it is completely cold and then inoculated with
the fungus Trichoderma sp.
8. The inoculation process is carried out in laminar flow.
9. Incubate for 7-14 days until the fungus Trichoderma sp grows evenly.
10. Ready application.

4.17. Utilization of cocoa fruit skin

A. Benefits of cocoa fruit skin
1. As fertilizer
Cocoa peel can be used as fertilizer for example:
a. Bocation fertilizer
Bocation fertilizer is a mixture of cocoa pods, manure, forage, dolomite lime, bran or
sawdust, EM4, sugar and water.
 Tools and materials:
 Tools:
 Wooden bat
 Big knif
 Sacks
 Hoe
 Scope
 Bucket
 Tarpaulin
 Thermometer

30
  Material:
 Cocoa pods
 Manure
 dolomite lime
 Bran / sawdust
 Forage
 EM4
 Sugar
 Clean water

 Work procedure:
1. Crushed cocoa fruit with a size of approximately 1cm as well as forage
2. After that the cocoa skin is mixed with manure, bran or sawdust, forage and
dolomite lime (if the soil is sour) stir until evenly distributed.
3. Then the EM4 solution and sugar are put into a bucket that has been filled
with clean water while stirring until blended.
4. Then pour the EM4 mixture into the cocoa skin mixture evenly while stirring.
5. After that the candidate for bocation fertilizer is closed by using a tarpaulin.
With temperatures of 45 -50 degrees Celsius
6. Then after checking the temperature every day, if the temperature is not
suitable then do a reversal until the fertilizer is made (within 7 - 14 days)
7. Then the fertilizer is said to be if:
 Fertilizer is odorless (tasteless or smells of soil)
 Loose or easily broken fertilizer
 The color is blackish brown.
b. Granule fertilizer
Granule fertilizer is a mixture of cocoa fruit skin, NPK fertilizer, and dolomite lime. By
comparison (90% cocoa pods, 7.5% NPK, and 2.5% dolomite lime). It is said that the
granule is shaped like a small grain.
 Work procedure:
1. The skin of cocoa fruit is finely ground.
2. After smooth mixed with NPK and dolomite lime.
3. After being mixed with NPK and dolomite lime then mixed with smooth cocoa
fruit skin.
4. Then NPK and dolomite lime and cocoa pods are ground in size of 3 mm
5. Then dry in the sun for about 4 days when you irradiate at least 7 hours in 1
day.
6. Animal feed.

31
 CHAPTER V
CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

5.1. Conclusion
From the above description, we can conclude that field work activities are very
beneficial for vocational high school students and for the industrial world. In addition,
field work practice is also a place where vocational high school students sharpen
their skills, especially in terms of practices where they can learn more about the
world of work and train students to be responsible and professional young
generation.
5.2. Suggestion
Some of the things I found in the field during the implementation of street vendors
were a small part of it that I did not find when participating in classroom learning.
Therefore, the authors proposed several suggestions, including:
1. Advice for school
1) The school needs to give emphasis to prospective students who will be
internship. Thus, students tend to be more adaptable in the world of work.
2) Schools need to emphasize the mastery of skills relevant to technological
advancements in the world of work today. Thus, students can apply the
knowledge and skills that are obtained maximally.
3) The guidance teacher should monitor the students more often in the street
vendor environment directly so students can consult on the latest information
from the school.
2. Suggestions For Coconut Substation Research
1) To the Research Substation leaders Cocoa writers hope that they will not be
bored giving guidance and guidance to the writers and upcoming street
vendors.
2) For employees, the author hopes to introduce, explain, and direct various
types of activities in the practice environment so that street vendors can learn
maximally. Cooperation relationships between employees must also be
maintained, maintained and improved so that the implementation of work can
be more maximal and efficient.
3) Further improve the prevailing order.
3. Advice for readers (class sister)
1) Be diligent in learning
2) Prioritize school for the future.
3) If you are practicing, do not joke and obey the rules that apply
4) Act adult in terms of mindset and behavior so that the implementation of street
vendors can run well and smoothly.

32
 DOCUMENTATION

Photos of each group's activities

1. Provision of Manure in Cocoa planting holes

Picture 1
Students give fertilizer to the cocoa planting hole

2. Plant propagation using seeds (Generative)

Picture 2
Students are multiplying cocoa plants using seeds

33
3. Vegetative propagation of plants (shoot tops and side grafting)

Picture 3
The students are doing vegetative propagation which is guided directly by the
supervisor.

4. Fertilizing cocoa plants using inorganic fertilizers (NPK)

Picture 4
One Student Is Fertilizing Cocoa Plants Using NPK Fertilizers

34
5. Activities at the Cocoa Research Substation Laboratory

Picture 5
The students are doing lab work in the manufacture of trichoderma as natural
enemies of cocoa plants and pests

6. Making Rorak

Picture 6
Students are practicing how to make rorak

35
7. Weed Control

Picture 7
The students were listening to the direction of the counselor on how to spray
weeds on cocoa plants

8. Making Bocation Fertilizers

Picture 8
The students are making bokashi fertilizer which is guided directly by the
supervisor

36
9. Introduction of Varieties / Clones

Picture 9
The students weighed cocoa fruit to find out the quality fruit to be used as
seeds

10. Cocoa Plant Pest and Disease.

Picture 10
Some examples of fruits that are attacked by pests and diseases

37
11. Harvest And Post Harvest

Picture 11
Students are breaking cocoa fruit
12. Discussion tonight

Picture 12
The students are conducting a discussion about making an activity
report while at the PRAKERIN location

38
 BIBLIOGRAPHY
Akuba and Rusthamrin H. "Impact of coconut leaf trimming on production and
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Erwiyono, R. and Sugiyanto. "Competition between cocoa seedlings and Arachis
pintoi cover crops," Pelita Perkebunan. 17 (3), 115-124,2001.
Iswanto, A., Soenaryo and Soedarsono, "Selection of F1 Lindak Cocoa Tree Parent
Based on Testing of Results of Power" Plant Bulbs, 2 (2), 66-70, 1986.
Iswanto, A; J.D. Junianto and Sri Sukamto, "Preliminary Selection of Resilience of
Cocoa Clones to Colletotrichum gloeosporoides Penz. Sacc. "Pelita
Perkebunan, 4 (2), 43-47, 1988.
Mamangkey, Th.F.J., Cacao Cultivation, Management, Cacao Crops and Special
Improvement in the Framework of Enhancing Production of PT Perkebunan
XXVI, Jember, 1983.
Pujiyanto, "Nutrient Value of Some Shading Plants in Coffee and Cocoa
Plantations", News of the Coffee and Cocoa Research Center, Jember. 19,28-
31, 1994.
Sri-Sukamto and S Mawardi, "The Resistance of the Cob Chocolate Clones Against
Black Fruit Rot Disease I. Testing in the Laboratory", Plantation Towers, 54
(6), 138-141, 1985.
Sulistyowati, E., S. Wardani, and E. Mufrihati, "Development of the Technique of
Monitoring Conopomorpha cramerella Snell Cacao Fruit Borer, Pelita
Perkebunan, 21 (3), 159-168,2004.
Sulistyowati, E. and A. Iswanto. Test of Strain Resilience of Some Cocoa Planting
Materials Against Suction of Helopeltis spp. (Jember, Research in Jember
Inpress Plantation, 1988).
Winarsih, S., "Response of Cocoa Seedlings of Seed Origin on Various Artificial
Shade Levels", Pelita Perkebunan, 3, 51-56, 1987.
Winarno, H., "The Cultivation and Quality of Cocoa Antarlon Hybrid Products and
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1986.

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