Professional Documents
Culture Documents
MANUAL
1980
MODEL
152
HANDBOOK AND
ING HANOBOOK ANO FAA APPROVED
APPRQVED
AIRPLANE FLIGHT MANUALAND
AIAPLANE FUGHT MANUAL AND 15
IS TO BE
INTENDED FQR
INTENDEO FOR OPERATION OF THE AIR
AIR-
PLANE
PLANE..
-
CESSNA AIRCRAFT
CUSNA COMPANY
II.IRCRAFT COM PANY
11 JUlY
JULY 19
1979
79
•
For Flight Training Reference Only
INFORMATION MANUAL
- CESSN'"
CESSNA AIRCRAFT CpMPANY
COMPANY
f) M.mb.r
IO . . . . . .of GAMA
. GUA WICHITA, KANSAS, USA
WICH1TA, KANSAS.
1 July 1m
IJWY 1979 iii
."'0-11-0.0_10000-"'"
D1170-13-RPC-1OOOO-12/79 '"
For Flight Training Reference Only
PI':RI"ORMI\NCZ·
PERFORMANCE- CESSNA
CESSNA
SPEClFICI\T10NS
SPECIFICATIONS MODE!. 152
MODEL 1112
PERFORMANCE - SPECIFICATIONS
SPECIFICATIONS
' Sf1:I:D:
,
..
*SPEED:
Maximum at Sea Level U~K~
110 KNOTS
Cruise, 75% Power at 8000 Ft
CRUISE: Recommended lean mixture with fuel allowance for , ",. ""<JT'IJ
107 KNOTS
li""
3.1 HRS r
75% Power at 8000 Ft
37.5 Gallons Usable Fuel
Maximum Range at 10,000 Ft
. '
,,-
Range
~".
Time
..
.n.~
Range
~".
545 NM
UHfUj;
5.2 HRS
415 NM
"5 "' ..
24.5 Gallons Usable Fuel n_
Time U HRS
5.2 Ilns
Maximum Range at 10,000 Ft Han..
Range _"N
690 NM
37.5 Gallons Usable Fuel
RATE OF CLIMB AT SEA LEVEL
SERVICE CEILING
TAKEOFF PERFORMANCE:
,. n_
Time ..,
'"
HR~
8.7 HRS
715 FPM
".
IO ...... FT
14,700
.
..,.
,_n n
Ground Roll ~n
725 FT
Total Distance Over 50-Ft Obstacle 1340 FT
LANDING PERFORMANCE:
Ground Roll ,"n
475 FT
Total Distance Over 50-Ft Obstacle =n
1200 FT
n
STALL SPEED (CAS):
Flaps Up, Power Off
.~=
48 KNOTS
Flaps Down, Power Off 43 KNOTS
~ KNO'I'lI
MAXIMUM WEIGHT:
Ramp
Takeoff or Landing
STANDARD EMPTY WEIGHT:
, ~~
1675
1670
,~~
LBS
LBS
-
—
152 1109
"". LBS
W:l8
152 II 1142 L.I<!:I
,,.~ LBS
.
152 II 533 LBS
w~,
BAGGAGE ALLOWANCE 120 LBS
"" Ull>
WING LOADING: Pounds/Sq Ft 10.5
POWER LOADING: Pounds/HP
FUEL CAPACITY: Total
"'"
15.2
n
Standard Tanks •26 011.1..
GAL.
.=
.,.
Long Range Tanks 39 GAI..
'III GAL.
OIL CAPACITY 6 QTS
ENGINE: Avco Lycoming Q . . . .1.2C
O-235-L2C
110 BHP at 2550 RPM
PROPELLER: Fixed Pitch, Diameter 69 IN.
'"Speed
S_ po.,_......
performance lo is allO_n
shown ,for
'»00II.
......1...1.... oqulppod
an airplane w,.,.
equipped with op~""""_ ,......
p.
optional speed fairings, n
nlI,•. ,."". _Il O",, "'''Q.mom""
which 'n
,.~"'"
,~
.....
increas-3 the speeds ~1
....... ",. by 'PP"""",."ll
approximately ~
in range, while all other performance f;JY'"
110<1.
installed.
2 1_
knots.
figures "'"
n..... ,., ....
•. There is a corresponding
_pOn<I'n ••difference
y,..".." ... ,...."
are unchanged when .poood
'n ..."""
'."'n,.....
speed fairings are
•
TABLE
T ABLE OF CONTENTS
SECTlON
SECTION
GENERAL ............................ 1
GENERAl.
LIMITATIONS ......................... 2
lIMITATIONS
1
2
-
EMERGENCY PROCEDURES ............ 3
NORMAL PROCEDURES ............... 4
PERFORMANCE.
PERFORMANCE ............. ...... ... 55
WEIGHT & BALANCE/
WEIGHT BALANCE/
EQU IPMENT LIST
EQUIPMENT lIST ........ . .... .. .. 6
AIRPlANE
AIRPLANE & SYSTEM5
SYSTEMS
DESCRIPTIONS ................... 7
DESCRII'TlONS
AIRPlANE HANDlING,
AIRPLANE HANDLING,
SERVICE & MAINTENANCE ........ 8
5ERVICE
SU PPlEMENTS
SUPPLEMENTS
Systems Description
(Optional Systerns
& Operating Procedures) . .. ....... 9
iv
SECTION 11
GENERAL
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
T",..., Vi.w
Three View 1_2
1-2
II!~uclion
Introduction I.;)
1-3
o...crlpllve Data
Descriptive D.", I.;)
1-3
En .. l....
Engine 1-3
1-3
PropeUer
Propeller 1-3
1-3
,.".1
Fuel I.;)
1-3
0,1
Oil 1-4
1-4
Mo.un""" C."Uiea~
Maximum Certificated Weights
Wel&"huo I~
1-5
Slanda.-d Ah'plane Weights
Standard Airplane We l.. bl$ . I~
1-5
CablI! Anel Enl')'
Cabin And Olmenslon. .
Entry Dimensions I~
1-5
Sa&",..p
Baggage Space 0I"'8nslon.
Dimensions I~
1-5
S~!fIo
Specific Loadings
t.oadln,.. 1-5
l-b
Symbnlo. Abbr."lalloD. And
Symbols, Abbreviations Anel Terminolol()'
Terminology . . . l-b
1-5
Gon ...1 Airspeed
General Aln:p.od Terrnino!oKY
Terminology And BYllIbo!'
Symbols I~
1-5
MeIOKl't>lolllc&! TorminololD'
Meteorological Terminology 1-6
&nl(ln. Tennlno!o&"l' .
Pow~r Terminology
Engine Power }_7
1-7
Alrpl&lIo Pcrfo",,,nce And F
Airplane Performance U,h l Planning
Flight Plann In, Tennlnolnc
Terminology . . . 1·7
1-7
Weight And Sal.n""
We1lhl Balance T.nnlnology
Terminology . 1_7
1-7
I1 July
July 1m
1979 I1-1
_I
n
n
n
------
."""
-----
............---_.
~-~~~ • -----
,
_
1.
... ". -
--
Wing span shown with conical camber wing
tips and strobe lights installed. If standard
wing tips without strobe lights are installed,
_ .. _------
wing span is 32' - 8 1/2".
-----
• --_ ...
2. Maximum height shown with nose gear
depressed, all tires and nose strut prop
--_.,..
erly inflated and flashing beacon installed.
• -_.".,,,--
Propeller ground clearance is 12'
-----
5. Wing area is 159 1/2 square feet.
h- • •
n
Minimum turning radius [sfcpivot point to
-,.....
_outboard wing
.... ....
tip) is ..
24' - r
8".
', u-
-/
-,-,
I•
, n
, n
V
f - - - - - - n-. - - - -- '
H
n
n
Figure 1·1.
1'!8"'" 1-1. Three
Three V!ew
View
1-2 I1 Ju!y
July 111711
1979
INTRODUCTION
DESCRIPTIVE
DES CRIPTIV E DATA
D.t.TA
ENGI NE
ENGINE
Numbe. of Engines:
Number E .. ,l.an:
I.
1.
E
Engine ,I.C'u"....,
.. Ii .... Manufacturer:
MIO .. Avoo Lycoming.
Avco L)'comin,.
E"Ii
Engine .... Model Number:
Numbe.: O ..!35. UC ..
O-235-L2C.
Engine
Enflnl Type: Normally-aspirated, direct-drive,
Normall)' ....pl •• Ioed. di_' air-cooled,
.. dttve .• i . .. _led. horizontally
bori"'''laliy
oppoH<!.
opposed, c •• burelO. equipped,
carburetor &qulpped. 10ur .. oyUnd.r .n(lne
four-cylinder engine with ...lIb ~.3 cu.ln
233.3 cu. in
dllph.c."'
displacement. .... L
Ho'_powl. R.Ung
Horsepower Rating .nd I::nglnl Sp_:
and Engine Speed: HO I LO ule<! 8HP.L
rated BHP ~ lU'M
at 2550 RPM...
PROPEll ER
PROPELLER
Propeller
PropeUer Manufacturer:
M.n"I""'" ..r: McCauley
Mc:Caule)' Accessory
"'""""aory Division.
Dlvilion.
Propello.
Propeller Modo! IA I 03ITCM8~8.
NumlNlr: 1A103/TCM6958.
Model Number:
Number
Numbe' of ot Biades:
BiAdeI: 2.
Pro~U.r DllmOIe
Propeller Diameter, Mulmum: 8~
•. Maximum: IlIcll ••.
69 inches.
Minlmum: 87.5111,,11
Minimum: 67.5 inches.••.
Propeller Type: Fixed
1'",,,,,lIe. 'l'ype; pitch.
"''':ed pllell.
FUEl
FUEL
- 100 (1"0""'1'1)'
(Formerly 100/130) Grade AvllUoli
ID" 130) Gride Aviation Fuol
Fuel 10
Non
NOTE
(Green).
....01.
lsopropyl
Isopropyl ~Icobol or e<byl."t
alcohol 01 glycol moaODU"lllyl
ethylene alycol monomethyl .!.ber
ether
m.y be added Lo
may to me tuel IUppLy.
the fuel supply. AddltLveoonoen,,"lIons
Additive concentrations
.... 11 ncM
shall not nCMd
exceed l 1%' tor
for lsopropyl
isopropyl Iloolloi
alcohol or .15%
1.5% lo •
for
•ethylene
<bl'bo"'lfIl'<'O!
glycol monoml"')'.
monomethyl e.l>e. Itotf.r Lo
ether. Refer to SecUcn
Section 88 lo.
for
Idd,tLonai ln/cnn"dcD.
additional information.
I1 July IlI'7V
1979 1-E
Fuel C"p..,l~,
Fu"l Capacity:
Standard
S ... nd.'"
Total
Tola.!
T~ k ",
Tanks:
C.p""l~,
Capacity: 26 gallons.
2$ ,.110"" n
To ... , C.paei'y
Total E""h Tank:
Capacity Each fan k, 13 gallons.
,o.Uon •.
fola.!
Total Usable: 24.5 ,".llo"'.
U.olI"" 2t.li gallons.
Long
Ulnll" Range Tanks:
IUngll TankO' n
Tola.!
Total Co.pOCHy:
Capacity: 39 gallons.
3W,alJ01l •.
Total C
Tol.' ..pocl~ Each
Capacity Eocll T ..... ~:
Tank: IW.~
19.5 gallons.
lfaUo" •.
Total Il •• b1.: 37.~
Tolal Usable: II".Uouo.
37.5 gallons.
NOTE
n
Due
0"0 to orn ... I_Jn~bo.w
IO cross-feeding ""n fuel
between I"el tanks,
•• nk .. lh
the..... k. ob<>uld
tanks should —
be
bo re-topped of", •
.... "'p"*'" after each refueling to
..,h !"&fuoUng assure
'0 ...... '" maximum
mulm\Om
o.p...,ily
capacity.
OIL _
011
Oil Onod.
Grade (Spoolllco..lonl:
(Specification):
MIJ..L·&oe:I Aviation
MIL-L-6082 Avi ... ion O.-..d.
Grade SIc&lr'" Min ..... ' 011,
Straight Mineral U... '"
Oil: Use .... ple"'.h
to replenish
supply dunnr
auppl.y during first ~ hours
ilI"$! 25 at the
Il,,,,... and .. !ho first 25-hour oli
tlnt 2S--h"". oil chchange.
.... "".
Continue
ConII n". to
IO use
"H until a total 01
unUl .100ai of ~ ho,," has
50 hours h . . o.ceu",,,lal<d
accumulated o' or oli
oil
consumption has
"""tu"'pIlO" stabilized.
h ....... bU''''''''.
N~'
NOTE
TIIO
The airp'on
airplane • .....
was <iII"vo"""
delivered from theIholaetory
factory whh
with •a no,.".
corro
.10" p...,v.."Uv • •
sion preventive 1r<:rafI ""glno
aircraft oil. ThIO
engine ou. This 011
oil obouJd
should bobe
drained .n
d,alo"" •• the
after Ih. Il ...1 25
first h""ro of opo,allOo.
I!:I hours operation.
MIL-L-22851
),IIL·L·Z285 1 Ashless
AIIhl ... Dispersant Oil: 11>"
Oiolpor. .,,' Oll: This oU
oil must be uoed
m u" bo used .ne,Il
after first
... ,
50
SO hours or oU
ho,,'" o' oil cono"m">!o,,
consumption has b.. astabilized.
•• bllI.ed.
n
MIL-L-6082
MIJ..J.AOeIl Aviation
A,,'.Uoo Grade
O'ado Straight
a'ralr'" Mineral Oil:
Mlner.l O":
SAE ~ .bov.
50 18' C ($0"1').
above 16°C (60°F).
SAli: bo'WH D ·l'C
SAE 40 between -1°C (3O'p)..,d:lrC
(30°F) and 32°C (1iO'F).
(90°F).
SAE:IO bolwHn ·-18°C
SAE 30 between 18"C (001'")
(0°F) LIld
and 2, "C (7O"F).
21°C (70°F).
SAE 20eo below
bol""," ·lIl'C
-12°C (IO'P").
(10°F).
MIL-L-2Ii8Ii' Ashless
MIL-L-22851 Otopenan' 011:
AUlo .. Dispersant Oil:
SAli: 40 Or
SAE 40 SAI!: &O
or SAE IS' C (M'p").
oJ>ov. 16°C
50 above (60°F).
SAE 40 between
SAl:
SAE 30
bOl,""" -1°C
30 or
SAE 30 below
SAE iO
o. SAE
. ' oc (3O"1'")
(30°F) ....
bolw"" ·18"C
40 between
bOlolO ·Irc
-12°C ((10°F).
10' 1'").
d a2"C
and 32°C (9(I"i>').
(90°F).
-18°C (001'") and ~I
(0°F) an<I " C (7O"i>').
21°C (70°F).
-
01' C.P""'Y:
Oil Capacity:
S"",p:
Sump: 6 Quarts.
Qu&J"t .. i
10 •• 1: 7 Quo.r\o
Total: Quarts (U(if 011 mIO' ;o
oil filter ... l1od).
installed).
,-,
1-4 1I July 1979
IV7I
"~"
NOTE
The maximum
'fU combined weight
mudmum ""mblne<! capacity for
welKM cap"'''Y ~Of:II:'a.ge
lo. baggage
are .. 1I aand
areas nd e2 la
is 120 lbo.
lbs;
DIMENSIONS
BAGGAGE SPACE OIMENSIONS
Baggage area dimensions are illustrated in detail in Section 6.
- Wl"5
LOADINGS
SPECIFIC LOAD
Wing .......
Loading:
Pow., Loodln~
Power
INGS
," ... 10.5 ,.... / ....
,o. ~ lbs./sq. ft.
Loading: 15.2.1 .... /hp.
15.2 lbs./hp.
r~
SYMBOlS, ANO
SYMBOLS, ABBREVIATIONS AND
TERM IN OlOGY
TERMINOLOGY
GENERA
GENERALL AIRSPEEO
AIRSPEED TERMINOLOGY AND
ANO SYMBOLS
SYMBOlS
u KCAS Knots
Kno" Calibrated
!or
for _'1100
position oOd
AI ..p_ is
Call b ....... Airspeed 'M'C " ~ OlUJ>H<'
'o indicated
I.Slrum. '" eerror
and instrument .ror .od
and exp
c<>._
airspeed corrected
...... e<! in
expressed ID 1<0""
knots..
KnO
Knots.. Calibro,""
calibrated .. lnpHd is
airspeed i. equal
equa' to K'l"AS in
to KTAS ID .standard
'""dan;!
OImQ"ph.",
atmosphere ., at ... lovel.
sea level.
1'Ju!y
July 1979 ,.,
1-5
KTAB
KIAS Knots
teno .. Indicated ~Irspeed is
Indi"" ..... Airspeed the spood
,. u.. speed shown the
&Il"""" on 'ho
ol ... peed indicator
airspeed ""p"'_
,ndleato, and expressed in kno ....
knots.
VA Man
Manuevering S~ is
u_v.rIDl! Speed l. the
t.h. maximum
m ...dm"m .pN<l.t
speed at which y""
""hleh you
may use
uN abrupt
r.brupt ",,~Irol tnvel.
control travel.
M""ln",m St,...Clurn
Maximum Structural entlomi
Cruising Speed lo t.h. opeed
is the speed u..,
that
&IlQUI<I
should not be exe_ o<! ex
exceeded except in ""p'
In •smooth
mooth al,. u..n on
air, then Iy ..
only , ....
with
eauUon
caution..
V« Stalling 8peed
8t&1l1011:
tlt. ,,""pI
whleh the
which
"'O
Speed or the minimum
.. n. I.
airplane is ".,."",IIr.bl
controllable
"'''''y fili'"
",Inl", "", .steady
In 'ho
o in
flight speed
opeod .at,
10n,lIng ""nlll!"".
the landing configu
"uloo ..
ration att the
tbo mo.'
most fono.n!
forward """"',
center of gravity.
l!"",,"!ly-
V.. Bo
the
A"II _I·ClImb 8peed
•• Angle-of-Climb
Best
~alo <>l.llil"dolo
greatest gain
"'.11:.-",.1 of altitude in •
,.Ut.
Speed is the opeod whlc:lt ....
speed which
giv"" horizontal
a given
"1 •• lo
results
hori"""'lai distance.
dI"ano<.
in
METEOROLOGICAL
METEOROlO TERMINOLOGY
GICAL TERMINOlOGV
"
OAT 0" ..1.... Air
Outside AI.- Temperature
TolApoOra ...... is
lo 'ho
the Ifree
.... al
air . oUo ",m
t .static p.o ... t" , o-
temperature.
It is OXP"_
I... expressed 1.0 either d'JeT'"
in oiU.oc degrees C.I.!
Celsius ... O,
or dO(IrMol'ol1·
degrees Fah
",obol<.
renheit.
Standard
!ltandard Sland . .... T.mpo
Standard ......... ia
Temperature I~ ' C a,..,a
is 15°C at sea 1....1 pressure
level P'ti'u" "'U·
alti-
Tempera-
To mpoO .... · l""", an4
tude and 40<:
decreases ~y ","C
....... by for o""h
2°C lo. "m feet
each 1000 feo' 01
of a.lU'udo-
altitude. _
'"O
ture
Pressure
Pro .... .. Pressure Altitude is
Pro"",,'" AIUlud. the a.lliLudo
'o 'h. altitude ..
read
ad from
lrom ""an ol,hn .. ~.
altimeter
Altitude
A IU'"de IO"n~n th.
when the "'tlm
altimeter's ~m .. rlc so
.. o'·. barometric scale
.... has been ...
h ... '-oD set '" ~ .92
to 29.92
merrury (1013 m~
inches of mercury
ineheo mb).).
,.
1-6 l1 Suly 19'1Il
July 1979 _
ENGINE POWER
PQWER TERMINOLOGY
- BHP
BH'
RPM
Br ...... Horsepower
Brake Ho _ _ _ l, Llle power dovolopfld
is the developed by Ih"enel"a.
n'M
Static
8ta\1<> Static
81&11 .. RPM
IU'M is engine
, •• al'Md
~lIh•• speed Gualn""
attained dI'M'.
during a fuU·lII_tle
full-throttle
RPM
~M engine runup
o" s".......... "" when
.. t..n the airplane
Ihe &lrp, is ""
..... la on 1.110
the cn"'nd
ground ...,d
and
stationary.
.\ahOOe'l'.
_ AIRPLANE
AIRPLANE PERFORMANCE ANO
AND FUGHT
FLIGHT PLANNING
TERMINOLOGY
TERMLNOlOGY
Demon-
~_.
M""
strated
Crosswind
C..,.. ... lnd
~..,.. ... lncl component
crosswind
airplane
oompOnenl 'o
during u.k1Ol'1
allllle"e duri",
for...
takeoff ....
and
which
" landing
adequate "",,1...,1
McII ..!.quale
landi .... was
control ollb.
w ... actually
of the
demon-
o.ctulll!y de",,,,,·
Velocity
Veloolly "urina certification
.U"&Ied during
strated '.n. .
OI" Uicalioa tests. Tbe val .... showlIl,
The value shown is nOI
not
00".'''''..... IO
considered to be 1>1 limiting.
limlting.
U .. ble Fuel
Usable l''uel Usable
UMbla Fuel
,. .. al is \~. fuel
II the f ... l available fiI&!>'
for flight planning.
&vallable fo. pl.t.llnln • •
"'..
Unusable
UIIII..tII.. UnuMbI. Fuel
Unusable Filali. U•• qu
is the .... tity 01
quantity of f"cl
fuel th-.t"... nOt bo
that can not be saf"ly
safely
Fuel u~."
used in flight.
flillbt.
GPH
Gl'H 0 ..1100 0 Per
Gallons Per Hour
H o... is
\, the
tbe .. molino of
amount fu el (In
al fuel (in g:oJlon.)
gallons)
OI'>nsume<t per
hOll.
consumed per hour.
NMI'G
NMPG Na .. llc&! Miles
Nautical MU .. Per
P • • Gallon
G..u"" is
,. the
Iho dl.ta.m:"
distance (io
(in nautic&!
nautical
mU •• ) which
miles) .... hleh can
c ..., be
ba upvcl<Ki lI.'allun l't
p .. r gallon
expected per fu el consumed
of fuel ""n.u me<!
., ..."",,;Uc
at a specific engine pow~, _Uua;
."111"" power setting &Dd/ot configu ....
fila;!>1 configura
and/or flight
u 1101>,
tion.
I"
g II" is
g la acceleration
""""le•• IIOII due
due to
IO gravity.
IT&vlly
WEIGHT AND
WEIGHT ANO BALANCE
BALANCE TERMINOLOGY
TERMIN OLOGY
SI.aUon
Station Station
SI.aUon is
II a• location 1l10"11.be
locall<>D along the airplane
Il1rpl&lll fuselage given
r" ...11lp !Jiv ... in
n,
lennl of
terms .be distance
01 the dlll_ fromhom the
.be reference d.a..um.
rtf~ ..... oe datum.
Arm A..." is
Arm la the
1111 horizontal
b .. ri&:lnlal distance
dlso.anoe from
from the me... """d.a..WI>
III. reference datum toIO
U,. center
the ce"la. of VtvUy (e
of gravity Q .) of
(C.G.) 01 an I~m .
al> item.
""'omenl
Moment Mome .. t is
Moment l, the
III. product
P,"""UCl of III. weight
of the W,"pl of
of an 11_ multiplied
.... item muU.\plied
1I July
July 1979
IWII 1.7
"
- For Flight Training Reference Only
SECTION!1
SECTION CESSNA
CESSN A
GENERAL
GENERAL MODEL 152
MOOl:LI!II!
by
by its
i.. arm.
ann (Moment divided by
(Momeflldlvlded. by the
Ul.. constant 1000 is used
004"' ....1100.l1. "_In in
this h..,dbook to
11>1. handbook almpllfy balance
lO simplify bal..,çe calculations
ca.loulatlOllt by
b)' reduc
.-.duc:-
ing u.. ""m!>..
,nll the number of
ol digits.)
di.s'lL)
C .. n ...... of
Center ol c.."... of
Center 01 Gravity
O .. vi\)' \h. point
,. the
is pOmI at al which
whicb an
.... airplane, o.
alr-pl ... e. or
C.avII)'
Gravity equlpm""l.
equipment, wouldwouLd balance If suspended.
baL...,co if l'' distance
a,.51>""_. Its dhl&llCG fromltom
(c.c.)
(C.G.) tbe reference
the ".,um is
referenn<> datum by dividing
loulld by
1$ found \ho total
dlvldinC the 100aI moment
mOmtnl
by the
by Ih, total
lO-..J weight
welcbl of
01 the
!.be airplane.
alrplan ...
C.G. Canla. of
Center 01 Gravity
O nvlty Arm La the
Arm is nbl.lnod by
ann obtained
11>. arm by adding
addlnl" the
Ihe
Arm airplane's ludlvldu ..1 moments
.1r-pLarHI'. individual and dividing
mom"nL . and dlvldlng the aum by
Ih. sum by
\.Ile total
the we1l"hl.
1O\lI.I weight.
00
C.G. Center or
Ce><ter of Gravity
Or."lt)' Limits are the
Liml\ll. ""' extreme
IIL ....atrem" center
DeIIICt of I".."lil'
of gravity
Limite
Limits loeatlo". within
locations _lIhln which
"'bicI! the
Ch .. airplane lDu5l be
&.lrp!..., .. must O~tatod at
Il<> operated at a•
Cl ... n weight.
given weIC'".
St.andard
Standard Standard Empty Wa~bl is
i:mpt)' Weight 'a the
!ho weight
".;Chl of
01.a standard air
n
Su.aliard IIlandard ..lI"-
Empty pian .....
plane, dudin« unusable
including ru.,. ruu
UDusabl. i'uel, full OPOTIIU"C fluid • ..,d
operating fluids and
Wcia-Ilt
Weight full engine oil.
luU w«in. oil.
Ba.slc Emply
Basic Empty Basic Empty
Buie Wellhl is
Empi)' Weight il the OI....dard empi)'
\.Ile standard welgbl plus
empty weight u..
plua the
Weight
W"!a-ht weight of op'
w .. LlhI 01 optional equipment.
lo"a1 oquip""'nL
Uselu!
Useful Useful '
U.lul Load
- " is the dlfle~
L.!.be difference between
bo'wotIn ramp
rllmp weight and \be
..... Llbl."d the
"'"
Load
Maximum
buio
basic emply
Maximum
wellhl.
empty weight.
W·'II'"
Weight
!II ..",mum
Maximum Maz10nllm
Maximum LLodlna:
Landing W<tllbt LI !.b
Weight is the .. maximum
m .... lmum ... llhI "p-
weight ap
n
LaIIdillll"
Landing P...,Ve<'l
proved lor for UI
the.. IUldl~
landing ""'ebdo .....
touchdown.
W ... III
Weight
Tare Tare ia
Tare is UI
the weight
...... of ohocko.,
11"111 01 chocks, 1I1""lIa.
blocks, Istands, etc.. ..
land.s."", used when
Md whcn
w .. LlhlnC an .Irplane.
weighing airplane, &Dd is illChldR.
and 1.0 included in w !.be
the ","alo
scale I"t'ad
read .
ings. TI""
Inp. Tare la is <ieducted
deducted lrom the ..,al
from \ba scale..reading
·..."II.11O
to oI)U.ln
obtain Ibe
the
""'ual (net) alrpLan.
actual (nell airplane w li",hL
weight.
n
n
,.,
1-8 l1 hL)'
July 1m
1979
SECTION 22
LIMITATIONS
LlMITATIONS
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TABlE
,. ~
Page
- Introduction
IDlrOduotlOQ • • • • • • • . • • .,
2-3
Airspeed
Atnpeed Limitations
Um114U..".
,.
2-3
'"
Airspeed
AlrBpeed Indicator
Power
SndS""IOT Markings
l'u.... r Plant
MaMn,.
l'lanl Limitations
Llmll.&t1on. . .
• • ,-,
2-4
2-4
Power
PoWUT Plant
Weight
Piani Instrument
Wel,ltl Limits
Cen"'r Of
Center
IOMlrum ... 1 Markings
Wmj<t • • • • • •
01 Gravity
M&rl!inp
Limita .
0 • .,,11)' Limits
,.,.,."
2-5
U
2-5
2-5
W
.,,.
Manauver Limits
Maneuver Limi" . . . . 2-6
Flight
l''llpt Load
Lo&<! Factor
1"000lOr Limits
LlmlUl 2-6
KlndB Of
Kinds
Fuel
Of Ol>"r
Fu.1 Limitations
.\loo Limits
Operation
Llmlt.o.Uon • . •
Other Limitations
Olber LimUation.
Llml t.
,-,
2-6
2-7
2-7
PlI.p Limitations
Flap
Placant.
Placards
Li",h .. I;"n. ' o,
2-7
2-8
1I July
JUl y 1979
limi :a.1 / ~-2 blank)
2-1/(2-2 b1anlr.)
INTRODUCTION
Sect10n
Section 'I,,"lud
2 includes
. . operating
operatl"lllmlt. 'O".,
limitations,
... instrument marlrln,s. and
,,,,,,,,melll markings,
basic placards
!>MIe plaeal"d...necessary
_ • ...-y for u.. safe
lor the operation of the all"Jllan
"""penIlOlloltha airplane,
•• its engine,•
I"enetne
•standard 0]'."....
1.aDdard systems and ,ta.ncIanI
standard equipma,,<.
equipment. 11>, lLmitatlon. included
The limitations Include<! inIII
section and in a.ctkm
IMa ....,IIOll
this Section 'tla .... bw
9 have been.. approved u.. Federal
appro ... e<! by the Avi ..tIon
Fede..!. Aviation
Administration.
AdmlnlaUaUon. Obeerv~ Observance of thesetheM operating
oparatl"&" limitations
Umlu,.Ilou isIs required
requi.n>d byby
Federal
" .... ..!. Aviation
Avlallon Regulations.
Replallo"a.
NOTE
NOTE
Refer
Ref.r to te> Section
SeeUon' ot
9 of this
lilla Pilot's Operating
PUoI"a O"" ..Iin, Handbook
H""dboolr. forIor
.......
amended dod operating
o""nlill&" limitations,
1Im1latlo.... operating
0po",U"1 procedures,
p,.".,... ......
performance data and <KlIer
""rfo'lIl&IIc. d&ta other necessary
n _ _ ry information
InformaUo" for
fo.
airplanes
all"9l",," equipped with specific options.
eq .. lpped wllh epeelflo opllolI"
Your
Your Cessna
ee.,,,a is ~nln ... 1tOd under
l, certificated FAA Type
Ulld.,.I'"AA C.nlflcar.e No.
Type Certificate No. 3A19 as
3AI9 U
(;eMna Moclei No.
Cessna Model No. 152.
1:11.
AIRSPEED UMITATIONS
LIMITATIONS
AirapetKllinlita.llonl
Airspeed Ulai. operational
limitations and their "Jnlficanca are
operallona! significance ..... shown
!OhOWII in
in
figure
fl!l'u'" 2-1.
2_1.
Sl'UO
~"
SPEED KCAS KI ... S
KIAS ~UI""~KS
REMARKS
VNE
'"
_ [xc..., l:pooII
Never Exceed Speed ... ...
145 149
. . . no'_.rio
••..-..
00 not exceed this
Do
any operation.
_ '"
"'~ speed in
'.
vA Maneuvering Speed:
leM_
1670 Pounds 101 104 Do not make
_ . full
"'" or
.. abrupt
,~-
1500 Pounds '"" "
96 98
00 "'"
_ u o l _ .. _ l1li .....
control movements above
.. -. . _-Opooo
,~-
1350 Pounds
~.-
" "
91 93 this speed.
'
VFE .... _
Maximum
Speed
....
,----
h_
F.... Extended
Flap
. --
Maximum Window Open
Speed ,
87
" " 85
110 ....... _ ..... , . -
Do not exceed this speed
......
with flaps down.
00 ..... . . _ _ _ _
Do not exceed this speed with
145
Figure
l'"lpnt 2-1.
2·1. Airspeed
A.npNd Limitations
L lmltatto",
1I July
Jul)' 1979
11179 ,.,
2-3
W.~!UHG
MARKING
White Arc
WII" .... '"
KIAS
.
KIAS VALUE
V ... LIiE
Oft RANGE
OR ft ... HGE
~ - 85
35 Full
F" Flap
limit
SIGHI~'C"'NCI:
SIGNIFICANCE
0"..""",
FIoo> Operating Range.
is maximum
limi,,,
ft ....
wolG/1'
""'. ,"""" weight Vg
Vs" in
io-
Lower
,-
_'''II
landing configuration.
conl .....500. Upper
1I_ limit
lim i.
is ............ speed
" maximum _ ...mil!li:llo with
permissible wTlh
G· ........
Green Arc ! Il
.j(\.- 111
40 _... . ,,-. motI_
1101>1 .. _
flaps extended.
Il'''',
Normal Operating Range.
io maximum
is
c'G
.....,....., weight
....... ' Vg
Va"
Lower
Lo..- limit
at most forward
C.G.... III flaps
with lIapo retracted.
_. M...it
~ limit
Upper
io
is _.:..-. ........... cruising
maximum structural """"" speed.
__
V.. _
Yellow Arc
.....
111 ·1
111 48
- 149
Opo<_ _ bo _U<lwolh
Operations must be conducted with
... ............. Iy II> _ aIr
"
caution and only in smooth air.
~,-
Red Line
,.
149 .... _ . -speed
Maximum ; 1 1.,..
for ... _-
all operations.
l'I",,,,, i·L
Figure 2-2. ... I.... peed Indicator
Airspeed IndIcato. Markings
Markln,.
NOTE n
Tt..
The .talle
static RI'M
RPM ""p range a'
at full th .....<I. (carburelOr
throttle (carburetor but heat oIf
off
to mUllmum
maximum RPM) I._IO 2380 nPM
n
"",cl
and ",,,Uuno
mixture 1• ....,1Ml1D
leaned is 2280 to l::I8G RPM.
Muim ~m 0.1
Maximum Oil T~",~ ..lu..: 2e°F
Temperature: 245°F (llIl"C).
(118°C).
Ol!
Oil P ....uu..... Mln!wum:
Pressure, Minimum: 25 paio
psi.
PropeUe'
Maximum: 115 p.i.
Muimum.
Propeller Manufr.c.urer
Manufacturer: MoCauley
psi.
McCauley Ac«ssory
Accessory Dlvl.lon.
Division. r
PropeUe'
Propeller Model Number
Number: lA l03/TCM(l9.",8.
1A103/TCM6958.
Propel1er
Propeller Dlamete
Diameter,•. M."lmum:
Maximum: 6IIlnches
69 inches.
71
M!nlmum:
Minimum: 1!7.~
67.5 Inchu,
inches.
,.,
2-4
RED LINE
AlO LINI GREEN ARC
GftlEN AAe AtO UNt
RED LINE
INSTRUMENT
IHSTRUMtNT IIolAXIMUM
MINIMUM
MINIMUoM NOAIIolAL
NORMAL MAXIMUM
L.M1T
LIMIT OPlAATING
OPERATING llMIT
LIMIT
-,.
Tachometer:
T _ , ....
-,.
Sea Level
~~
4000 Feet
8000 Feet
--
,~ - 2350 RPM
1900
~"~
~51) RPM
1100 -• 2450
1900
1100 -_ ~
1900
R,...
ft""
2550 RPM
~-
2550 RPM
~,-
Oil Temperature
~-
Oil Pressure
,Fuel
... Quantity
tII.oPouw
..,
~ psi
25
E
100°
~
60 - 90 ..
100",- 245°F
~5",
~ psi
---
.~,
245°
115
F
psi
115 ...
---
-
1O,1~a..,~
(0.75 Gal. Unusable
Each Tank)
Etd>T ..k)
Suction 4 . ~·U"'-
4.5 ...
- 5.4 in. Hg ---
- —
Figure a·3.
~'lloluf'l 2-3. Power
powe . Plant Instrument Markings
l'I .. nllll.llru,ruml Marklnp
WEIGHT
WE IG HT LIMITS
UMITS
Mulmum Ramp
Maximum Il .. mp Weight:
W.l r hl, 1675
UI7S lbs.
Ib • .
Maximum
Muunurn Takeoff W.lgh!.!
T .. k."rr Weight: 1670
1S70 lbs.
Ib •.
Maximum W~i lhl' 1670
Mulmum Landing Weight:
Lt.ndillg 1870 lbs.
III •.
Welrhl in
Mailmo.uu Weight
Maximum B.rr~e Compartment:
ia Baggage Comp.t1&neo>l.
IIq,"pArn
Baggage (or passenger
Area 11 (or p ...enp'O>lIeh!ld''''''I)
on child's seat) -· Station 50 to 76: 120
SIalloaOOw71l: 120 lbs.
Ib •.
s...note below.
See note belew.
1I&g~ Area
Baggage A ..... 22·- Station IO 94:
7e to
SUllon 76 i4: 40 lb • . See note
-ti) lbs. s...
noloe below.
belo.. .
Th. maximum
The eombl ned weight
m .. x lmum combined
N""
NOTE
w.l,hl capacity
oo.pachy for
fo. baggage
b.. " ..,o
areas .nd 2t is
...... 1I and l, 120
111:0 lbs.
Ib •.
CENTER
CENTER OF GRAVITY
GRAVITY LIMITS
UMITS
Cea... of O,..... \ly R.... 'e!
Center of Gravity Range:
Forw .. nl' 31.0
Forward: 31.0 inches
!nelle. aft
II/t of
of datum I.,
d.l.. m at 1350
13l5(l111&. lesa. with
or less,
lbs. or wlll> straight
.....1"" line
li"'"
uri.llo .. to
variation IO 32.65
:Ia.Mllle"'
inches... " of
aft or datum
deWm at 1670 I.,
1e'70 lbs.
III&.
1I July 1979
Jul)' 1979 2-5
lI.h: 36.5
Aft: 36.$ inches atr.
11101108 aft of
0 1 datum at all
ali weights.
... III'U. _
Relot."". Datum:
Reference """'nt face
Datum: Front lace of
olllrewaU.
firewall.
MANEUVE R LIMITS
MANEUVER LlMITS
Tbil airplane
This .. lrpl&lle is
18 ... rtll!calOd in
certificated la the
1.IIe utility
uUUIy category
caw.soI"Y and
anello. d ..lsnod for
is designed lor
limited aerobatic
UmL1ed .. ""baUe flight.
fillbL In III the
\ILe acquisition
.equtslUoa of 01 various certificates such
vtonou s""rtlllca_ sucb as
...
""",me ..<:IaI pilot
commercial pllot and
&lId flight
n1lht instructor,
t"tuue<or ....
certain m ...... v .... are required.
rt.o.ln maneuvers .-.qulred..
Ali of
All 01 these
tbeu """ maneuvers
.... ve .. are permitted
parmlllOd in
Ln this
1.111.1 airplane.
.. Irpl ..... .
Chandelles
Cbandel1" . 95 knots
. • . . • . l1li knnta
t.o.zy Eights
Lazy Elgbu ... . 95 knots
· . . • . . • .l1li luwU
S_pTUms
Steep Turns ... . • • • • . . • .l1li
95 kn<IU
knots
Spino.
Spins . . .. . ti.. Stow
· Use Doc~!~ .. at.ion
Slow Deceleration
SUlbl
Stalls tE:.c.pl Wblp 810.11.)
(Except Whip Stalls) · Use
tI'Ie 81e
Slow.. Deceleration
Deceleratle"
Tho
'HlIb~r apeo<ll
"Higher speeds C&lI
The ball:lI:"II:O
durl"«
can be used
uMd if
baggage oomp"r"ll"l"Lent
during ~hIIl\o
aerobatics.
il ..
compartment ....
•.
UN olth.
brupl use
abrupt of the conlrole
dloT clltld·,
and/or child's fJe" mU8' not
seat must
le avoided.
controls is avolded.
noi be """,upled
occupied
-
A.mballc. \haI
Aerobatics that m"-,ll Il,,_v high
may impose IIllb loads
lealll .bould
should not "CI be ..attempted.
ucmpted The
Tbc
important thing to bear 1rL
imp"rU.nlth'nlllCl in mlnd manouvors is
nlrhl maneuvers
mind in flight ISlbat Ibo airplane
that the alrplA"e is
18
clean ll'I
ele..., in aarodynlJJl
aerodynamic io design and wl11 build up _peed
will bulld speed /[ulclrly wltl>lhe
quickly with n020
me nose
Prepor apoed
down. Proper Speed 'lOntrel
control le An ••
is an nnll..1 requirement
essential "''1ul ...u''e''l for
fOT ex"",u!ion
execution oof•
..any
ny maneuver,
m&n~ver. and Cat bn"ld .1w.ya
••should
care always be b. n,..,I
exercised •• d to
I<> .vuld
avoid u~ ... iv •
excessive —
peed wblch
•speed which in In tUnl can [mpa
turn CAn impose .. uce"'ve
excessive lo Ihv ulICul,ou
.. d•. In the
loads. execution 01.11
of all
man.uv
maneuvers, .... avoid
avold abrupl
abrupt use" •• 01
of oont...,ll.
controls.
'T"-
"The de&LplO&d
design load lo.clCl
factors l~ 01
.. are 150% of Ihe
the abov
above, and ln
.. an" all ~
in eli cases,
..... the
th •
•structure meets o
'rucl"re _eia or exceeds dellgn
r excee40 design loads.
load.t .
~
KINDS OF OPERATION UMITS
LIMITS
The IIJ
TIIe airplane is tqUlpJMd
rp\ane \.I equipped lord&y
for day VFR
VI'"R and may
m&y be equipped.
equipped fo.for alibI
night
VFfI and/or 1m
VFR &lIdie. IFR oper"",,"L
operations. 1"AR
FAR l'tori
Part Q\91 uw.blisblll
establishes \be
the nUnlm"",
minimum
required 1...unrum.nlAllon
R<I"lrtod instrumentation and equlp"'t
equipment for \beN
n, fo. these epet ..tlon,. n
operations. ·e reler·
The refer-
.n~ to
ence 111 types
lyP'" of oper.li03t
01 flight
fIi,M operations O"ili, opera,;",
on the operating limitations
limi ....';""" placard
plte.n!
",nOClt equipment
reflects oqulpmenl installed
Ineu.lIed at the
Ule lime
time or Alrwon/lln ..... Cenlflealo
of Airworthiness Certificate
Inu ...oe.
issuance.
FUEL LIMITATIONS
LlMITATIONS
2 Standard T&.I>lI.a:
2 Sta.Ddard Tanks: 13 13 U.S.
U . 8 . gallons each.
,al1ono eacl>.
Tou.l Fuel: 26
Total Fuel: • U.S.
U .8 . gallons.
pllon • .
Usable
Usa\>I, Fuel (all flight
""tl (ali colldl1io".~ 24.5
mpt conditions): :K..! U.S. gallons.
lallo .....
Unusable
Unuaohlt Fuel:
""ti: 1.5
l''' U.S.
U .S. gallons.
'&110 ....
2 Long
Lonll' Range
R.ur.p Tanks:
T&tlka: 19.5
lUi U.S. gallons
U .S . fI'aI1o" each.
Total "".1:
Tolal Fuel: 39
Uoablo Fuel
Usable
39 U.S.
U . 8 . gallons.
Jl'ue 1 (all
(aU flight
...11".,.,
.....
_ .. d,Uon.l< 3'1.'
ni,,,, conditions):
h.
lUI. gallol>ll.
37.5 U.S. gallons.
Unusa\>l. Fuel:
Unusable ru.l: 1.5
1.$ U.S.
U.S . gallons.
lfoIlon •.
NOTE
Due to
\O cross-feeding ber...... tu.L
croH ·letdlnl between ta.DQ. Ulel&nb
fuel tanks, the tanks ohould
should
tll'\et each
",.",pp...:! after
be re-topped . ...",.linl 10
.ae~ refueling to .... u"'
maJL:l mu m
assure maximum
c.paIIl ty
capacity.
Fuel
.... nkJ.
remaining in
F""I ",malnllli In the
\he tank after UI.
1&IIk "''''' the luel
fuel qullnllly
quantity indicator ~e empI)'
Indi"""" reads empty
line) Cannot
(~lIno)
(red ulely used
cannot be safely ueed In
in fiI"'t.
flight.
""'el Or""
Approved Fuel •• (and
Grades (""d Colors):
CoLo •• ):
lOOt.L
100LL G."". Avl,UolI Fuel
Grade Aviation h.l (Sl ue).
(Blue).
100 (l'onno.ly
100 100/130) Or&olt
(Formerly 100/130) /wl.lioll Tutl
Grade Aviation Fuel (0,,"11).
(Green).
OTHER LlMITATIONS
LIMITATIONS
LIMITATIONS
FLAP LLMLTATLONS
Approv!ld
Approved Tueoff
Takeoff Reale:
Range: O' to lO".
0° \O 10°.
Approved 1.-cllI'l n.nre: O"
Landing Range: to 30"
0° \O 30°..
1979
1 July 1!mI 2-7
PLAC ARDS
PLACARDS
Tbe following
The lo11ow1n,. information
lII/orDaIi.... must
mllil be dl.playod III
be displayed in the
Ihe form of composite
/o.m O/ rom_,1e
O' individual
or pl&O&l'd • .
Indlvldu&l placards.
n
1.
lo fuU view
In full v _ of
0/ the plloc
..... pilot: eTII.
(The ··O ... Y·NIOHT·VPR·I!'R- .nlfy
"DAY-NIGHT-VFR-IFR" entry,•
•shown
howo Oa
on the u&DIpl. below,
\b. example will vary
belo ... will yr.t}' .........
as the airpL&n1 L.
airplane is
equippeod).
equipped).
,-
MANEUVERS APPROVED
NO ACROBATIC MANEUVERS M'PRQVEO EXCEPT THOSE
LISTED BELOW
LISTED 8ELOW
Chandelles ......... 96
Cbandollu KIA8
95 KIAS Spl"
Spins•............ Slu
Slow u..:.l.
.. Decel.
La~y 8·
Lazy •............ 9G
8's 95 KIAS Stalls (ElL'
Slall. (Ex
Sl<.'ep Turns ........ ~
Steep Turno K IAS
95 KIAS oepl Whlp
cept Whip
sl.n.)
Stalls) ........... Slow
Slo ~l.
.. Decel.
n
Inlenllonal .plnl
Intentional prohlbUod ....
spins prohibited with!l1I flaps
n.p. ex.ondod.
extended.
Flight into known
YlIghlln\.O IClng condllion.
know n icing conditions proh
prohibited.
lblled.
This "'.pl"n"
1"11" airplane is certified lor
,. CI'U/,Ift! for the
Ih. following
luUowing flight operations ...
111",111 OplTlhon, as of
ddate .,rw..
.. te ..of/ or,,,i,,"] rlbl,,~~~ c~rt,lic
original airworthiness .. ""
certificate:
,.
2-8 l1 July
July 1979
l''\Jto:L·
FUEL- 31.5 37.5 GALS· ON-O F!"
GALS - ON-OFF
44. Near
Nn. fuel «p
tank filler cap (lt&Qdo.rd
fuol...,.1o: (standard tanks):
",,,10:1);
ro<e
FUEL
100LLllIIO MIN . GRADi':
100LL/100 MIN. AVIATION GASOLINE
GRADE AVIATION GASOLINE
CAP. 13
CAP. 13 U.S.
U.S. GAL.
GAL.
SPiN RECOVERY
SPIN R&COVERY
1.
1 VERIFY
V ERI P'Y AILERONS
AlLERONS NEUTRAL
Nto:UTRAI.. AND
ANO THROTTLE
THR01TLE CLOSED
CLQSED
2.
It. APPLY
APPI..Y FULL
l''ULL OPPOSITE
OPPOSITE RUDDER
RUOOi':R
3.
:l. MOVE
MOV E CONTROL
CONTROI.. WHEEL
WHEEL BRISKLY
8fUSKLY FORWARD
l''Q1\WARD TO
TO BREAK
BREAK
STALL
5TA LL
4.
4. NEUTRALIZE
NEUTI1AL1ZE RUDDER
RUDDER AND
ANO RECOVER
RECOVElt FROM
ntOM DIVE
DIVE
- 1I July
Jul)' 1979 1m ,-,
- For Flight Training Reference Only
-
BECTION'2
SECTION
LIMITATIONS
CESSNA
MODEL ,1It
MODEL 152
-
6.
Il. A .,.Ubn
calibration card I.
.. ion """" is provided to indicate
p..,vldocl '" indio." the ot
accuracy of the
Ib. a<:<lu"",y 1Il.
magnetic compass in
mo.gnot!o ccmp&llll 30° increments.
In:lO' In""""'."'"
7. OD 011
On rtllo ••cap:
oil filler "P' "
IL
8. On """lJ'<>llool<:
control lock:
n
CON'l'ROL I.OCK -• REMOVE
CONTROL LOCK REMOVl! BEPORE
BEFORE STARTING ENGINE
ENOINE
1I JuIy
July 1m
1979
2-10
2·10
For Flight Training Reference Only
CESSNA SECTION 3
MOD&L 152
MODEL la:! ~MEROENCY PROCEDURES
EMERGENCY PROC~DUR~S
~
3
SECTION 3
PROCEDURES
EMERGENCY PROCEDURE5
TABlE OF CONTENTS
TABLE OF
Page
loU'Oduclion .
Introduction . ......•.••..... 3-3
A rrepeed.a For
Airspeeds ~m.r"lI."")' Operation
"or Emergency Opot r .Ii~.. ...... . 3-3
OPERATIONAL CHECKLISTS
CIIECKLISTS
Engine
EI1I1'iP<> Failures
F ltJhu·.,
,. .. II"re During
El1lrll1e Failure
Engine Durin. Takeoff I\un . . .
TaltiOOll Run '"
3-3
,~
3-3
'o,
Engln. Failure
Engine
Engine
F.ngin. Failure
Imm~I ..~I)' After
,.1tJ1"re Immediately
F .. i1u .... During
Durinlr Flight
FUlrbl
Alle. Takeoff
T.keoff
..... . ,-,
3-3
3-4
,~
Forced
1'0reMi Landings
L&ndinl{• . • • ••..•.•.. 3-4
Emergency
Emetjene)' Landing
L.&ndlnlr Without
Wllboul Engine
Enlrlne Power
Pow.r 3-4
H
Precautionary
P~ .. ullon .. f)' Landing
Ditching
L&n~lnl" With
Dllehlnl" . . . . . . .
Wlth Engine
El1l"lo. Power
.
l'o .....
,-,
,~
3-4
3-4
- Fires
!'"I ... ~
During
Engine
........
lJudnlf Start
SI .. tI On
Enlfi,," Fire
Electrical
Flno In
Eleo!rl"..1 Fire
O" Ground
Ornund
In Flight
FU,hl .
!'"Ire In
In Flight
FUl"b!
.
"'O,
3-5
H
3-5
,.
3-5
3-6
Cabin
Cablo Fire
Fire .. 3·6
3-6
Wing
Wlnl" Fire
!'"Ire 'o,
3-7
Icing
Telnl! ..... . 'o,
3-7
Inadvertent
Inadnritlnl Icing
I...I.ndlng With
Landing
Idnl{ Encounter
WUh A
EI...,I.;e ..1 Power
Electrical
E"e""nl"
A Flat
"1.1 Main
M.ln Tire
TI..
Suppl)' S)"I&m
.
l'owe. Supply System Malfunctions
M.U"ncllonR
,.
"3-7
3-8
3-8
H
;"mme~r Shows
Ammeter
(Full
SII" .... Excessive
Exc...in Rate
Sc.l~ Deflection)
(F"Ll Scale
1\0.1& Of Of Charge
o.tl<lclion) • . . . . . . . .
CII .... p
,.
3-8
Low-Voltage Lijlll Illuminates
Lo", · Vol\.~ Light
(/unmewr Indicates
(Ammeter
IUumin"," During
Il,<11<:.,,,. Discharge)
Ounn/( Flight
Filrllt
Ohlcll .... ' .) . . . . . . ,.
3-8
Engine
EnguuI Failure
Forced
Landing
Fires
Vin:oI
".11" ..
Vo reeod Landings
Lllnd"'If'
LandI"" Without
AMPLIP'IEO PROCEDURES
AMPLIFIED
EI.~.l<Ir Control
W,Ib",.1 Elevator Conlrol
• . . . • . . • • • .
PflOCEDUflES
..,
,-o
3-9
3-10
3-10
3·10
3-10
3·10
Jul)' \878
1I July 1979 3-1
Inadvertent
In&dve_n. Flight Into ICi",
Yllgbll"La Icing C""dIUOlit
Conditions . • 3-12
Spin..
Spins ........... . 3· 12
3-12 _
Rough
RuuWb Engine
Carburetor Icing
CarburOlOr
Spark Plug
Operation Or Lo
En,lnO Oporallon
101111" ••
Plul" Fouling
roullne
Loss.. Of Power
Po .......
'"
3-13
3-13
'·l3
3·\3
3-13
Magneto Malfunction
Marone\(> MaUuncllon 3·14
3-14
Low
t..ow OHOil Pressure
"......... • . . • • 3·14
3-14
Electrical
Eleclde&l Power
f'ow • • Supply SY'IO'"
System Malfunctions
MaUUDctIo". 3·14
3-14
Excessive
E""" .... v. Rate Charge
R.t.t Of Charyo . . 33-14
· 14
Ina .. lllel'n' Rale 01 Ch .... l"" . . . . . . 3 · 1~
P
n
n
3-2 11 July
Ju1y 1979
1W1!
" For Flight Training Reference Only
CESSNA SECTION
SECT[ON 33
MODEL 152
1M! l'.:MEItc,a;NCY PROCEDURES
EMERGENCY PJI.OCEDI1RES
lNTRQDUCT10N
INTRODUCTION
SectLon
Section 3 provlde. (J.heekU.\...,d
3 provides prooodu~ for
o.mpUl[ec! procedures
checklist and amplified oop~ with
fo. coping wilh
""' ... pncles that
emergencies ma)' occur.
0. .. may Emerpnaltll caused
(M)(:ur Emergencies "''l'la~ or
""uoed by airplane or ~n~~
engine
maltuneUon .......
malfunctions nl .. maly ....
are extremely Il proper
rare if P""I"" preflight
p .. mclll inspections
InspecUons and &Dd
m ... "te"...,.,. ....
maintenance prae1l<*1. Enroute
are practiced. Enroute ..... th •• emergencies
weather amerpnc'" can be mlnlm-
be minim
ized or eHml",,1ed
iZC!'CI or eliminated by ........
careful' ul flight
mllli planning LrOOd judgment
pL ...... ml and good jud/l"menl when
... lIan
u .. ,,:rpeeled weather
unexpected .....""h... is
L. encoun\.erecl
encountered.. However, abauld an emerlc-ncy
Ho_ve •. should emergency ....
arise,
i»e.
tha basic
the buie ... I... U.... d....,tlbecI
guidelines described in thl. ,""",Uon
In this section Mould
should be eonslderecl &Dd.
be considered and
"ppl'-<l
applied as ... necessary
n_ ..o.ry to IO oornct
correct theth. problem. E .... rpnq procedures
p""blam. Emergency procodu ....
associated with
asaoo::i"ted w,th ELT other opUu
El.,T and a""'. ...1 systems
optional ay ... ",. caa Sect.ion iii.
can be found in Section 9.
OPERATIONAL CHECKUSTS
OPERATIONAl CHECKLISTS
ENGINE FAILURES
ENGINE FA'LURE
FAILURE DURINO
DURING TAKEOFF RUN
I1. Tbrottle
Throttle .. [O(.,E.
-- IDLE.
2. BnLl< •• ••
Brakes AI'I'L Y.
-- APPLY.
3. W'''II'I ..p •••
Wing Flaps IlETI1ACT
- RETRACT.
4. M,.,I,,",·· IOU: CUT.OI'I'.
Mixture -- IDLE CUT-OFF.
5. lau,tioD
Ignition Swil<:b
Switch --.. OPP.
OFF.
8.
6. Master SWLlCb
Mute. Switch ..-- OF'F.
OFF.
l.
1. A,",,,",, ••
Airspeed 60 KIAS.
-- !lO
2. Mi"." ....
Mixture IO(.,E CUT.OI'I"
-- IDLE CUT-OFF.
I1 July 1!179
1979 3.3
li.
3. ,."..1
Fuel EOhutoll Vo.lvo··
Shutoff Valve -- orI".
OFF.
~
4. IpIUo~ Switch ••
Ignition Sw!~b -- orF.
OFF.
~.
5. Wl
Wing.. ~ Flaps
n_IMI •• tu:QUIRt:O.
A B REQUIRED.
-- AS
&.
6. M ....., SwllCh
Master Switch ··
-- 01'1".
OFF.
I.
1. Alnperi·--· GO
Airspeed 60 KIA.S.
KIAS.
2. C.,burotor
Carburetor H ..'··
Heat -- 01'1.
ON.
3. Primo
Primer ,·--· IN
[N and LOCKED.
4. Fu.l
Fuel SbUlO1f Val'M··
Shutoff Valve -- 01'1.
ON.
5.
:I. Mb.lu,o· RICIL
Mixture --· RICH.
'"
6. IgulU<>.o Swlt<b
Ignition Switch ••
-- BOTH (or ST ART if
START tr propeller
pr<lJ>*Uo, is
lo ""pped).
stopped).
LANDINGS
FORCED LANOINGS ~
EMERGENCY LANDING WITHOUT ENGINE POWER
EMF.RGENCV
1. Alrapeed··
Airspeed 65 KIA!)
-- lI:i KIAS (n"J>* Vp).
(flaps UP).
60 KIAS (fl"pt
80 (flaps DOWN).
2. M,~.u ... ··
Mixture tOLE CUT·orF.
-- IDLE CUT-OFF.
3. 1".. 01 Sbulolf
Fuel Vo.lvo··
Shutoff Valve -- OF?
OFF.
4. 19uUlon Switch -- OFI'.
Ignition S.,llCb·· OFF.
5. Wing n_pii··
Wlo; Flaps -- AS AS REQUIIIED
REQUIRED (30" """,mm.n_~
(30° recommended).
II.
6. M... "" Swit<b
Master -- 0
Switch •• 1"1".
OFF.
PRIOR m
"
1.
7. 000,..
Doors .. UNLATCH Pf!.IOf!.
-- UNLATCH TO 1'OVCHDOWN.
TOUCHDOWN.
!I.
8. Touth<lO'On
Touchdown •• -- SL10HTLY
SLIGHTLY TA[L LOW.
TAIL LOW.
g.
9. Br -- APPLY HEAV
...... ··
Brakes tLY.
HEAVILY.
ENGINE
PRECAUTIONARY LANDING WITH EN POWER
GINE PQWEA —
I1. Airsl>"'l --
Airspeed ·· 80 IUAS.
60 KIAS.
e.
2. W;nK Flop ••• W.
Wing Flaps--20°.
3. S.lo<<od.
Selected T I. ld ••
Field n.Y OVCR.
-- FLY M'Io, "',
OVER, noting .... in ...
terrain and d obsinletlon ... then
obstructions, Ih""
......... Ilap. upon
retract flaps "pon reaching
.. &chio&" .....
a safe10 o.llltud.
altitude and ai",poood.
airspeed.
i4.. Radio ....
and Electrical S
d Eloo'I"1O&.I Switches -- DI'F.
.. 't<h.o·· OFF.
5. Wln"" Flaps
Wing l"oP' •.
-- :lO" final "ppro&ch~
(on "no.l
30° ("., approach).
6.
!I. AI"I>"'I ··
Airspeed -- 55 KIAS.
~ KIAS. —
1.
7. M ...., S
Master .. ,k:b --
Switch . . DI'F.
OFF.
!I.
8. 000 .. ·•
Doors -- UNLATCH PRIOR 1'0
TO mUCHDQWN.
TOUCHDOWN.
g.
9. TQucMQwn··
Touchdown -- SLiCHTLY
SLIGHTLY TAIL LOW
LOW.
lO.
10. 1&"0,,""" Switch -- OPI'
Ignition SWIk:h·· OFF. —«
Il
11. Brok.
Brakes - APPI,YHEAVILY.
, .. APPLY HEAVILY.
OITC HING
DITCHING
••
1. Radio -- TRANSMIT MAYDAY on 121.5 MHz, giving location and
,,
2.
intentions and SQUAWK 7700 if transponder is installed.
Heavy Objects (in baggage area) -- SECURE OR JETTISON.
3. Approach -- High Winds, Heavy Seas - INTO THE WIND.
Light Winds, Heavy Swells -- PARALLEL TO
SWELLS.
,•
4.
5.
Wing Flaps --30°.
Power -- ESTABLISH 300 FT/MIN DESCENT AT 55 KIAS.
,•
6.
7.
Cabin Doors -- UNLATCH.
Touchdown - LEVEL ATTITUDE AT 300 FT/MIN DESCENT.
••
8. Face -- CUSHION at touchdown with folded coat.
9. Airplane -- EVACUATE through cabin doors. If necessary, open
windows and flood cabin to equalize pressure so doors can be
opeOo<l.
opened.
IO.
10. Lit. Vests
Life V..... ...,d lùh··
and Raft INI'LATE.
-- INFLATE.
FI AES
FIRES
1. C,.n~i"l'·· CONTINUE.
Cranking -- CONTINUE, \(II.'
to get ......
a start ",hioh
" which wo~ld
would . tho flames
"c k the
suck n..,....
and """"umulo"'" fuol through
accumulated fuel thmu!\"h the
tho corburo\(l
carburetor , ."d
and in\(l tho ongino.
into the engine.
If onglno
engine ........
starts::
If
If engine fails
onll"l"" I.n. to start:
'" ... '"
,••
4.
5.
Cranking -- CONTINUE in .ft offon
an effort to "bIO'" .... " .
\(I obtain a start.
Fire Extinguisher -- OBTAIN (have ground attendants obtain if not
installed).
6. Engine -- SECURE.
•• a. Master Switch -- OFF.
b. Ignition Switch -- OFF.
,,
c. Fuel Shutoff Valve -- OFF.
7. Fire - - EXTINGUISH using fire extinguisher, wool blanket, or dirt.
8. Fire Damage -- INSPECT, repair damage or replace damaged
components or wiring before conducting another flight.
1.
I. Mixture
MII - IDLE
'U .. •• CUT-OFF.
tDLE CUT · 01'1'.
z.
2. l'v.1 Sbvlofl
Fuel Valve -- 01'1'.
Shutoff Valv.·· OFF.
lo
3. Muto< Swltcb··
Master Switch -- Ot.....
OFF.
4. Cabl~ H.., ""
Cabin Heat AI,··
~ Air
and -- 01'1'
OFF (axe<rp' J"<l(J'
wlnll" root vents).
(except wing v&nLa).
~.
5. AI,"P"d ..
Airspeed -- M
85 KIAS (U (If fI,.. I. not
fire is no' .~Unlul""od. Inc", ... I"HIIo
extinguished, increase glide
opM<l
speed lo nnd an al,..p"od
to find airspeed whichwhlch will
.. 111 provide
provi"" ""
an lnoombulltlble
incombustible
ml"uN).
mixture).
01.
6. l'ome<! LaDdlng··
Forced Landing EXECUTE ((as
- - EXECUTE ... 110..,,1_111 Emo'lr"ney LAndlng
described in Emergency Landing
Withou'
Without En g"'" Power).
Engine Po ..",).
I WARN ING I
After dl.<t,uI!".ng an nun",loho, "Ubln o
AI\ .. discharging an extinguisher within a 010_
closed eobln.
cabin,
,· ... m.,. the
_ .abin.
n
ventilate cabin.
If rl ....
Il fire pp •• '" avI
appears aod .1""";.01
out and electrical power I.
PO"" is necessary
n..,. •• O<)' for
lo,,,,,ollnuanceof
continuance of
flight:
mil h' ,
~
5.
".
6.
M... I<, SSwitch
Master
C'reuu
wll<h··
-- 0:-1.
ON.
H.--lto .. --
Circuit Breakers •· CHECK fo
for, fau!Oy
faulty c,,,ml1.
circuit, do not
no' "' .. ~
reset.
n
7.
7 RadloIElte<rlc.1 5"I"'h
Radio/Electrical Switches
. . .--. QN
ON ..... a' . "me....,'"
one at a time, with dOl.y
delay art.,
after
each v
.""Il until short "i",un
... il olto'" circuit is
I. localized.
Joo;.llwd.
I.
8. Air/Heat -- OI'~N
Va"lOICobl .. Alr/Hea'··
Vents/Cabin ...!>e" it
OPEN when 1\ l._.ml,,'" that Il
is ascertained "'o, .. is
fire I,
""mple .. ly .~t!ngul.bed.
completely extinguished.
CABIN FIRE
FIR E
1.
1 M ... ,..Swl""'··
Master Switch - 01'1'.
OFF.
2. V~n
Vents/ Cabin Air/Heat
... ICobln CLOSED tu>
AlrIH •• '·--· CLOSEO (to avo!d
avoid d,al
drafts).
... ).
a.3. Fire E ~ .lnguiaher ••
F"ire Extinguisher ACTIV ... TE (II
-- ACTIVATE (if avalloble).
available).
| WARNING
At"r
After dlochUj"lnilao
discharging an
' .~<!0il"i.he, within
extinguisher w"b lu a .10
closed cabin,
.... cabi,,-
...,n"l.", ,h.
ventilate the cabln.
cabin.
WING FIRE
I.
1. NavIJ"Uo" Light
Navigation LlJhL 8",1 .. 11. ··
Switch -- OFF.
a.
2. SLlObo
Strobe LIJ~L S
Light .. I"'b (If
Switch 'n ....Ued.j··
(if installed) -- O".
OFF.
3. pjlO' Heat
Pitot HO.L S .. I.. b (II
Switch 'nlIlalled)·_
(if installed) -- OFF. 0".
"=
NOTE
Po,fOrni.a side
Perform 01110 slip
o!lp to
IO ,,"p !bo l1omo.
keep the flames "w"Y!rom
away from !b.
the I"",
fuel
.....
tank k and
onel "..bln
cabin,. ....d ...d ...
and ,land as _n
soon ... _o!bl.. with
as possible, "Ilb flaps
nopo
",',aeLod.
retracted.
ICING
INAOVEA TENT ICING ENCOONTER
INADVERTENT ENCOUNTER
I.
1. Turn l'IlO'
pitot heat b ....... ''''b 01'1
switch ON (II(if il>olllllod).
installed).
- a.2.Tum
that is
"'al
33. Pull
Pu.!I o
b"".
Turn back o,
lo leless...
or cbo.np
a.
IO obLaln
an o"uld"
outside .....
maximum 1Iorr.,.,
obtain m""""um
.. at reduced
r«IU«d ..
~po'''\u,""
air temperature
defroster
,.,pota'"",. ad)uo'
temperatures, adjust
1r
. . .air
'.
7. Wltb.n
With an 100ice _ _ ul.llo" of
accumulation ot 1/4
Il t inch o,,,,,,n,,,,
!o.h or more on the Lbo "'n,loadln,
wing leading
edges, II..
ed"o. be _p&red
prepared for lo, olplfic.oUy
significantly higher bI,bo' ,"U stall opeeod
speed..
-
••
8.
•
9.
_.Leave
LoHve wing wl"J flaps
horloonlllll&U.
horizontal
..-Ln, n.p
by wing
ness.
Open left
Op.on
no.po retracted.
tail, the
flap OX,".,.iOD
lon ..
window
""... 10<1. With
change In
<be obanE"
extension """Id
lndO .......d. !f
and,
in ..
could ....
Wltlt .
P''''''''.\' OCf
if practical,
a .severe
in, wake
wing
~I. In
result
.""'" ice
.. alo. o.lrf1o
airflow
in •a 100.
• .,. \c.
scrape
lcoot build-up
loss 0""'."10'
ice !rom
from a
b"Ud·"p on the
direction e.~00<1
.. ",,,,,,uon
of elevator .nocti"..
• portion
porlion oflho
of the
tb<I
caused
effective
.. 1..""hI.ld for
windshield v .. !blllty il>
(9< visibility in lb.
the laDdlnlloppro&OlI..
landing approach.
10.
'C f'orfOml
Perform a • landing
l.ndiollappn>&Ob
approach ".loJo. Iorwonl.llp.
using a forward Il necessary,
slip, if neee .. "I")'. for
lo,
lmpn>vod vl. IlII'l<f.
improved visibility.
u11.. Appro&Oh at 6!S
Approach •• IO 1$
65 to 75 KIAS depondlq: "P"O the
depending upon &moun' of ice
!bo amount ,"'"
"""umul.hon
accumulation..
••
12. Perform o'a"dln,
Pt!rfor"m a landing In
in ",~Ol ",tu"dO.
level attitude.
1l Ju,y 1m
July 1979 ,.,
3-7
LOW-VOLTAGE
lOW.VOLTAGE LIGHT
Ll GHT ILLUMINATES FLIGHT
IlLUMINATES DURING FLlGHT
(Ammeter
(Ammlll.. Indicates
Ind ic.l" Discharge)
Dllch.rgel
N=
NOTE
Illumination
lIIumln ..llon of
or the low. Y.. I~ light
Ule low-voltage Il,,111 may
..... y occur
_u. during
durln,
low
lo.. RPM
"'l'M conditions
OCIlldlllo"" with
wllb an
0U1 electrical load
elecl1ic .. llo ..... on the
Ule system
eyelOm
such
.ucll as
.1 during
durl"V" a low
low RPM
RPM taxi.
ta,,!. Under these conditions, Il
Undertheaeoondllione. the
••
light
L11h1 will
wlll go out at higher RPM. The
,00uu.lblgherRPM master switch need
Thema.ot.e,.w'ltll not
nlHldnc\
reo~led since
n
be
bo recycled . n over-voltage
elno. .an ov. r. ,"Oltage condition
condltlon has
Il ... not
noi
occurred
oocurncl to
lO de-activate
d.·o.cUv .... the llom ..
alternator
th • • yawJU.
system.
lO ••
1.
\. Radios--OFF.
Rad.!o ... OFF.
2. Alternator
11.11..... &10. Circuit
ClrcuLI Breaker
areake.·--· CHECK
CHECK IN.
n
2. IN.
3.
3. Master
N ... Ie. Switch
8w1lCb. --
.. OFF
O", (both
(both sides).
.I~ ... ) .
4.
4. Master
M&II'-r Switch
Swlldl··-- ON.
Ot'! .
~
5. Low-Voltage
\,.(no.Voltq;e Light
Wghl - .• CHECK
CHECK OFF.
OPF.
6.
I. Radios -- ON.
R..tl<>l·· ONo
Il low-voltage
If low.vol~ light !lI"... I.... _ again:
U,hl illuminates aplll:
7.
7. Alternator
Allenlr.lO. - ·· OFF.
OPI". • —
8.
8. Nonen.nll .. 1Radio
Nonessential Radio and
And Electrical
El""bc&l Equipment
]Equip",.m --
·· OFF.
01"1".
9.
\I Flight
"'111M --.. TERMINATE
TERMINATE as ... soon
IOOOn as
&II practical.
practlc&l.
,.
3-8 1l July
July 1979
111711
AMPLIFIED PROCEDURES
ENGINE
HJGINE FAILURE
If an engine
Il .... net ... failure occurs
laU".. 000 during the
..... <luriIIl 11M takeoff
I&IleoII run,
"'". the most u..
III<HIt important
Impona.nl
thing to do
tI\l" .... do is stop
I..... u..
p the airplane on the
alrpllo.lleoa lIMo remaining ... ~. 'IbOM
runway.
remalaluarv.a Those extra
uln items
I......
011 the
on ,,'-1<11.1 will
th.o checklist wllI provide &ddecI ...rel)'.ne,
pro"l/h added safety after e leu....
a failure of DI this
thllo type.
I)'PII.
Prompt
Prompt lowering ot the
IDwe .. Ln .. of nose to
tha ...,.. IO maintain
mall>laln airspeed
al ..p"<! """and . establish
. labllell aaallde
glide
attitude
attlCucie is
Ilo the
11M first response
111111 ... po .... to
lO an engine failure
&D e"gI". .n...
1.11...... after takeoff.
tak ... rr. In
111 most
"''''1
UN" u..
cases, the landing should be
i&lldÙlI IbIIW<I ~ planned
pla.lI.ed straight
IIn.l.llt abahead with
...<1 .. ltI> only
0111), small
ema.\1
changes
eh ...... Inin <llrecUon
direction to lO avoid o_U'\I~lIona. Altitude
.YOI<I obstructions. Aiutude and ~ ...
airspeed
&Dd ..... are
seldom sufficient to
• Id"," ."Inclanl lO execute
uecUIe a 180°1110" gliding
.. Ildlnl turn necessary to return
t\lnl_M.ly'" rellU'D to the
tGth.o
runway. T_
nLIlW&)'. The cnecl<lu.t
checklist procedures assume
proced ........... ume that adequate
thal o.d.6q Urne ul
....1e time ... IO
exists to
SOC"re u..
secure the fuel
h ..1 and tgnttio...systems
-.nd ignition )'alamo prior to touchdown.
lO lOualldo .... .
After an '''l'h,,,
... fler &li engine 1.tIfailure in flight,
.... Ut mlll1- the
Ute best glide apem
but,llde speed aa
as .........
shown in In figure
nl"'re
3-1 should be
3·\ .lIoul<l established ...
boli .e<&blilobod as q"iekl)'
quickly ...as possible.
pOtI.ibloo. While gliding 1O'III'ard
WIlU. alldlnl' toward •a
...
suitable landlnl' ........
ita.bl. landing effort .Ilo\lld
area, an ellon should be _ made
... &<1& to
IO identify
IdGIIUf)' the" . . . . oIUte
the cause of the
failure.
1.i1 ..... If time permits,
tI 11m. an
PllmllI..... " erolifle l'fII~t ,1Io
engine restart should.. 1d ~
be alle..,pLed
attempted aaas shown
.bown in In
the checklist. 111M
Ib. chM:ldial. If the a"et".
engine "",,Dol
cannot be restarted,
ile re a Ion:e<i
.... rto<I ... forced landing
landin, without
..!tho.. t
pow ... m
power must be compla'-d.
.. al Ile completed.
IVJOO
12,000
i
~
•u-
-
:0.000
10,000
<
••• 8000 — ft*
~•
LLI
-
~
6000
i•
O
<
~ 4000
h
e• * SPEED 60 KiAS
•• 2000 * PROPELLER WINDMILLI NG -
* FLAPS UP *ZERO WIN D
1 1 ± i
A 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
O~OUfID
GROUND D'ST..o.HCE
DISTANCE •- HAIlTlCAl
NAUTICAL MlUS
MILES
- l1 J"I)'
July 1l17li
1979
Figure 3-1. Maximum Glide
3-9
FORCED LANDINGS
FORCEO LANOINGS
If
11 •all a'I<""p"
.Il attempts to
Lo .....n
restart the engine lùl
LlLe on,m. fail .. m'aforced 1&n4L.o.,
and a 10'_ landing 'ois
1mm1 .. on<. ..
imminent, ,.." a suitable
select n old &Dd
.~lLab'o field and prepare lor "'O
prepa .. for the laodJ.n8 as <11..,..._
landing &O discussed
u"Mr the
under 'bo Emergency
Emo,pney Landing
!.aDdl"i' WllllQu'
Without E0i'lo. Powor cb
Engine Power .. kll.~
checklist.
10<""'''
location .nd
and collect fold<>d
at touchdown.
folded ""
Transmit M
coats
IO"".. ""...... 'l'raolUlllL
a"" oqu.w
'o .. ntloo •• and
and intentions, squawk
.... for
/0' protection
Mayday
pro"""lo" 0of1 """""pont.'
..yd&)' message
m .... p on
~ '1'11)0
7700 if
occupants'
.121.5
2'-11
"~.pcndO, lo
LI a.. transponder
MH~
MHz i'IVln8
giving
is 'notallod.
installed.
Avol<! •a landing
Avoid n.r.. _ ..
U... <>l'
'.Ddln ~ flare because of dUlieulty
difficulty in 'o judging
Ju4l1n. height
b.llhL "".
over r oa water
w .... '
.urh.oo.
surface.
n
LANOING
LANDING WITHOUT ELEVATOR CONTRO
CONTROLL
Trim for horizontal flight (with an airspeed of approximately 55 KIAS
n
and flaps lowered to 20°) by using throttle and elevator trim controls. Then
do not change the elevator trim control setting; control the glide angle by
adjusting power exclusively.
At no_u~ the
AL flareout, "'" nose-down
o..-.dow" ",omon'
moment ",o"ltlni' /rom power
resulting from pc ..... , _"oLloo
reduction lo.
is
..:l'''',...,/''''''', ....
d the
an adverse factor and
&li 'ho o'<plano IDoy htl
airplane may hit on ilio
the "" .. wheel.
nose wb .. l. eonNlluon'.
Consequent
ly. at
ly, n."",,,~ the
o, flareout, trim """
Ihe 'rim ""l "",ould
control set, o'
bo ..
should be ilio lull
at the full n.,._up
nose-up "..01 Llo" ....
position and <1
.no power
the ..:IJ"...... """' ••
PC"M adjusted so that the
ili ••airplane
l'1'lano will
wlll "''''
rotate.. '''
to ,the
.... horizontal
borbonLal. oattitude
..l,,,do
lor "'"Ohdowo.
for touchdown. c ..... 'hO
Close the throttle aL "'uell.down.
I1l1"QttI. at touchdown.
"
FIRES
AlLhoUi'h engine
Although oni'''o Il ..... .are
fires ... ULl"Omo'y
extremely rare In nigh~
ra,.., in flight, 'bo
the .steps
topo <>l'
of Ihe
the
.ppropri .... "h..,kU
appropriate •• should
checklist ohould be 10110",000:1 if
bo followed II ono IO 0"00"""'_.
one is AI"',
encountered. After
comp'oUo"
completion 01
of "'lo proood"ro. ""oculo
this procedure, execute • I"",od 'andl"l.
a forced D<> no'
landing. Do not o.L"'m". IO
attempt to _
,," ", ~n the
restart onrlne.
,h ~ engine.
no.
The In!".! !ftd!oo'lO" 01011
initial indication of an .'"""lOoIU,..,I. u ... lIy "'"
electrical fire is usually the odorofbumlni
odor of burning
lou'a 'i"o. Tbo
insulation. The ehoekJi .. for
checklist fo, "H.
this p"'blom
problem slt<>uld
should ",.ua in oUmtna'ion
result in elimination of
of
ilio Il .....
the fire.
33-10
· 10 'Ju'y
1 July 1979 _
EMERGENCY
EMERGENCV OPERATION
QPERAT1QN IN CLOUDS
CLQUOS
(Vacuum System Failure)
Failure)
In the
In III ......
event 01 a& vacuum
nI of v&Cllllm system
ayetem failure
f.il ...... during
d""'ng flight,
ni"IIL the
11M directional
dinoc:lion.1
a.nd .111
i nd lC&lOr and
indicator ...... indicator
attitude ...iII be
iAdic.lOr will b40 disabled,
diUbh.d .....
and ilio pilot
d the w.lI have
pilol will ban to
lO
noI)' ""
rely I... n c00_I.0<
0.1>. turn
on the coordinator if ba inadvertently
it he !II.. into
1tIad,,~rwntl)' flies lotO clo,,1b.
clouds. The
Tbe
follo ... lnll instructions
following ln.lruodona ...... assume thatm. onl)' the
0.1>", only Ule eleclrtcaU)'-poweNld
electrically-powered turn ".m
coordln.lO'
coordinator is l.8 operative,
o.,....Uv .. and
end that
Ih.IUla
the pilot u. not
pllo. is no< ""m pl... l)' proficient
completely pmnclenl inIn
instrument
"' flying.
..,rum.ftI ")'In.
EXECUTING
EXECUTING A 180·
180° TURN IN CLOUOS
CLOUDS
Upon inadvertently
inacl"o""olly enterlnllUl.
entering the olouda.
clouds, &olmmedl.te pIan should be
an immediate plan be
mado to
made rum back
tO turn bo.ck as fOllo"II:
... follows:
l
1. Note III. comp
Note the .... heading.
compass Il ....lIna.
2.
II. No .. the
Note tll. tlma 01 the
time of min .... hand
\ba minute """d and
..... observe _iti"n Dr
tIb ........ the position u..
\ba
of the
....
sweepHp second hand ..... d on th. clock.
OD the
3. Wholn the
When Il•• aw ...p ft«Ind
sweep second handIl ... d indicates
Indie.... 1110 nearest hall-mln
the ~1I.n>S\ half-minute, .. te.
.... d.&td n
;,,111&te •a ~standard
initiate rate.. left t .. rn. holdlne
101. turn, holding the tbe turn COOrdin .. lO'
tu ... coordinator
aymboUc ..
symbolic Irpl."a wing
airplane wl"l1 oPpollle
opposite the \.balowe. le!! index
lower left lndex mark
m..-k for
lo. 80 60
oo<:onda. Then
seconds. Thcn 1011
roll bacio
back to IO level
1.,,01 flight
fIlllhl by leveling
levellnlltho mio; .. ,,,,",,
the miniature
al,pla"e.
airplane.
4. Check aecunoy
Check accuracy of of the
Ille turn
lum by observingob.. rvlnll the compass
' he eomp ..... heading
headlne
... hlch sho"ld
which should be boIlha ,eclproc .. l of the
the reciprocal \h. orlalo
original.. l heading.
h.adlne:.
~.
5. If
!f necessary,
n_ .... y. !WIj".1 adjust heading
h..... i"l1 primarily with
IIr,m ... Uy ... ilh ok skidding mo"on~
iddiolJ motions
... th~. than
rather Ihan rolling
rollinlr motions
motion"o so Ilo that 'he compui
..1 the compass will read more
w\ll ..,ad mc ....
,,,,,, ... atel)'.
accurately.
6.
G. Maintain
Mal"I altitude
.. ln .l and a.lrapeod
litude ADd airspeed by c cautious application
..ullnuo "p pUlla.\ion 01 of elevator
elevatOr
conlro!.
control. Avoid ov,roontrolllneb)'
overcontrolling by keeping Ir..,pln ; the
'ho hands
h.. ndo n"lhaeonlrol
off the control
wh..,l &8
wheel mllo" ....
as much as posalbl,
possible .. nd .te
and •• lng only 101111
steering with rudder.
ruddu.
II
If condltlon.
conditions precl ude reestablishment
preclude .... tabU.hmenl of VI'lI VFR flightntChl byby.a 180°180" lurn
turn,...a
da_c.n, t.hrougll ..a eloud
descent through cloud deck IO VI'tI. cond
to VFR ltJon. may
conditions m&)' be .pproprl
appropriate. .... If
Il
possible,
po obtain rad.o
•• ,bl •. cbU"" radio clclearance
... ranca fu for an emergency
...... m ••pnc)' ddescent ..c.ml through
thmu!!"" c1oudclouds. •.
To ...
...
guard
minimize
kkeep
against ..
anI "I(.,nol
iniml,.. <:o.compass
.... <lI ott
... p Ilhands
a sspiral
the cool
off \.be
.wiD,.
dive, ellooH""
pl.aI di"a.
npa~, card swings d"l
... l ...
control
choose an ......
due to
hC(OI &od
wheel and __steer
easterly
IO cll.",lnl
changing beak
\.y "or...
••a Istraight
westerly
n .... rly "heading
bank ."M'I
angles.
....e /,hl _....,
.... In addition,
course ...
add.liu,,-
111> rudder
with
to
..... iDM: IO
conlrol
control by mooitorl",
monitoring lI>e the IUro turn coordinalO
coordinator. •. ~ioll&lly
Occasionally ch""lt check the \be
eompan
compass heedln, heading Wld and malte
make m"'o. minor oo • ....,Uo", lO
corrections to bold
hold enan .pproJ:lma
approximate ....
_ eou"'
course. Be!ore d_ndlnC
• . Before descending InlO into thelIIe cclouds,
' ouel •• Hl
set up .. a aleblllUld
stabilized le1--do"",
let-down
condilion
condition &II as follo"'5:
follows:
I1 July 1m
1979 'H
3-11
2. U .. full
Use (ull carburetor
cu!;n. . .lOr heat.
Mat.
3.
3. R<I<I,,,,..
power to
Reduce power IO set
H l up
llp a 500 IO 800
500 to 800 ft/min
fll ", in rate
, aW of
01 descent.
dHCW"t.
4.
4. Adjust
AdJ"'" the.be ..
elevator trlm for
lov"lOr trim a stabilized
lo ....... ..... nl at
descent
b IUzecI. de 70 KIAS.
0.17'0 KIAS.
5.
5. K ... p hands
Keep nrt control
110.1148 off """1.01 wheel.
... h. .l.
8.
6. M"",IO, turn
Monitor luno """nll"'lOr
coordinator and ~ makemalie corrections
co,...,lIo,,& by rudd •• alono.
by rudder alone.
7. Cbeck 01 com
lreDd of
Check trend p6'" ...
compass card movelUCn! J.nd
nI movement and make ca.uUoua
malul cautious
co""",,'lon ....
corrections with noddar
IO atop
1111 rudder to "'m.
stop turn.
8. b .....ld nl 0out
Upon breaking or
cloud ......
.. \ of clouds, u"""
DOnnal crul.1nl
resume normal cruising flight.
DI;!>I.
RECOVERY
RE COVERV FROM SPIRAL
FR OM A S PIR A l DIVE
O IVE
Il.
If a spire! la eoooUDlered.
spiral is encountered, proceed as
p l'OXlHCl. . folloWII:
. follows:
l.
1. Close the
lbe throttle.
lllronl • •
2.
t.. SIOP u.. turn
Stop the ... m by using
.. ,In& ooorcllnlUed .11...... J.nd
coordinated aileron and nollde. CODINI to
rudder control IO
Rllp the
align Ille omboUe
symbolic .Irpl.ne hl 'lle
airplane in ,U", coord.lnalO,
the turn .Im the
coordinator with \be
m ......... llne
horlson reference line.
horizon
3.
J. C.. utlo .... ly .ppl)'
Cautiously apply .1 ..... 1", back
elevator buk p IO .10
.......... to
pressure ....1)' reduce
slowly .oduoe the
lIIe
al"'~
airspeed to IO 70 KIAS.
KIAS.
~.
4. Ad..J
Adjust III~ eleva",.
.... 1 the "'iI"
elevator trim co"lmllo malnl.'""a 70 KIAS
control to maintain K IAS ,11"".
glide.
6.
5. K..... p b&lldo
Keep
alral.1II
hands ort the cooll'Ol
off Ihe
lIeadllllf.
control wllOflI
wheel,..... '"If
using rudder .. nlml to
",<Id., "control IO hold
hald a..
straight heading.
6. I\PI>I)' c.rburalO'
Apply carburetor Il ...
heat. 1.
7. Clear en~ne
Cre.r engine oocuioo.U)'.
occasionally, but avoid using
bUI ."old enough power
u.lni" ollough IO
"" "'., to
dlSlurb Ibe ttrimmed
disturb the rlmmod glide.
rllde.
8. bre... klnr OUI
Upon breaking out o,
of ..
clouds,
Ioud •. resume cruising flight.
'&II"m. normal "",15lnl flIgtlt.
"
INA D VERTENT FLl
INADVERTENT GHT INTO ICING CONDITIONS
FLIGHT
t'hghl In'o icing
Flight into ICIOIl" condltiona la prohibited.
conditions is proll lbitod. An Inadv.....",.neo"n"'r
inadvertent encounter
with these
w.lh IlIe conditions
... "" can boia'
.. d,U"n. C&ll best bo! handlad Il.Ini
be handled using the checklist
Ih. eh.ekll .. , procedures.
pmcedores
The best
TIle procedure,
b<:iIll>l"<JC1tdu course,
••. of ""u"' is to
•. i. lO turn
tura back or "h.nlf'l
b&ck Of change a1altitude to uc"pe
tilud. la escape
icing ",,"dIÙOII~.
ICÌIII conditions.
~
SPtNS
SPINS
Should an Inad"' I"<$'" .pln
inadvertent occur, III.
spin oooOf. the follo .. lne I"fICOvery
following recovery prooochu·e
procedure
.Ilould bo! IIIed:
should be used:
1.
I. PLACE AIW;;RONS
"!..ACE AILERONS IN NEUTRAL POSITION.
2.
Il RETARD THROTTLE TO IDLI!:
Rt:TAKO THRCl'ITLIi: IDLE f'OSmON
POSITION.
3.
3. APPLY AND HOLD l'UI.t.
FULL nUDCEI!
RUDDER OI'POSrn;
OPPOSITE TO THE DIREC.
DIREC- _
OF ROTATiON.
TION 01'" ROTATION.
3-12
3-11 I1 Jul)'
July 1m
1979
4.
4. JUST AFTER
JUST AlfTIUt THE RUOOER REACHES
TH I!: RUDDER RE"CHES THE
THE STOP, MOVE THE
STOP. MOVE THE
- CONTROL WHEEL
CONTROL
oe"ter
WHEEL BRISKLY
BREAK THE STII.1.L.
BRISKLY FORWARD
F'ul.l <Iown
BREAK THE STALL. Full
rr.vlty loacll"","
center 0
FORWIl1\D FAR
F"R ENOUGH
down elevator may be
of1 gravity loadings to
ENOUGH TO
el .... lOr m.y
TG
requ1red a'
be required at aft
a!t
u ... optlm"", .-.co""rt......
assure optimum recoveries.
\o ...
5.
5. HOLD TI1ESE
HOLD THESE CONTROL INPUTS INMFT'S UNTIL ROTATION
ROT"TION STOPS.STOPS.
Pnom.tu.....
Premature ,.,..Ilon of
relaxation the ",,"tml
IIfthe control inputs "'aJ' .","'nd
l nputa may extend the
tha recov
nK;OV'
.ry.
ery.
6.
So "8 ROTATION
AS STOPS. NEUTRALIZE
ItOTATION STOPS, NE UTR.ALlZ& RUDDER,
RUOCER. AND
ANO MAKE
MII.KE A
THE RESULTING
SMOOTH RECOVERY FROM THE RESULTlNO DIVE.
DIVE.
NOTE
If dlsorlen",t"'n precludes
U disorientation p..aludH a• visual
'11.".1 """'rmln.tlon
determination of the
the
direction of rotation,
dlNello" 01 tOtalio ... the a)'lTlbollc
symbolic .Irplana
airplane in tu",
'n the turn u..
coordln.l-O' may
coordinator m.y be ru.-.cll-O
referred
ba .. lor this
to for Ulle information.
1" (onn.IIDI!..
FOt
For IlddLtionai \o/o...... tloll 011
additional information on .pial
spins .IMI rt«Ivery.
.pia recovery, se-e-lhe
and spin see the dlscus·
discus
aiOll. unde. SPINS in
sion under III Nnr",Ll Procedures (SeeUo"
Normal Prooedu,," (Section 4).
4).
- CARBURETOR ICI
ICING
l'L i(rwlu
A
NO
gradual .. llo~.
loss 01 of RPM .. ,,~ ~v~Ulu.l
and eventual ~"II"L" ruu]j"hnu"" may
engine roughness , ... "lt ["'m
mo.y result from
\he
the lermallon
formation 01 of e .. rburCl-Ot le
carburetor •. To elù"
ice. tb. leG
clear the ice,. apply lulllhroUlu a,,~ pull
full throttle and
Iho ot.!"burOlOr
the carburetor heat he.\ knob
kDOb fullfU1I out until \ho cnllln~
"IlIU the engine run. 'llIooll,ly: then
runs smoothly; IhcIl
rcmove
remove eerbUl'fllOr
carburetor h .... t and ."adju.'llle
heat readjust the throUle,
throttle. 11
If condltlons n-qulre the
conditions require tbc
conlln,,""
continued """ use 01 of "etbul'fIl-Or
carburetor hUll11heat in ornl" nll'hl. U"
cruise flight, Ihe minimum
use the ml"lmnm emonnl amount
of heat
01 ..... ~nry IO
Ilnl nnecessary to preven
preventt 101ice from forming ....
Ir<lm forml"l' andd llean mlxtnno ~1ll'btly
the mixture
..." Ihl slightly
lor .m""t~e.t
for smoothest '"gln. engine """.etlon.
operation.
FOULING
SPARK PLUG FOU lI NO
A aUi(hl
slight <l''lIlDl
engine "''' .. h ..... in Ili
roughness .. hl may
flight lnay ba be eaullOd
caused by o one... Dt
or IDO
more...
sp.rk
spark plup
plugs Ileool"iD]j"
becoming I""l..t
fouled by ".""'ILcarbon Or I~ad d"po.itw.
or lead deposits. Tbi.
This may ",ey be
verified by tunLl"ltlut
verltled turning the II1"lllo"
ignition ...switch momentarily lrom
l'''h m"mcnl&rUy from BOTH to lO~ilhet
either L
o,
or R po.llion.
position. An obvloue po_' loss
obvious power lo" in l" .iDllll l""ll1o" ope",.
single ignition operationI"" 15is
.vlde ...... 01
evidence of 'peri<
spark plUI m ..... eu. trouble.
plug or magneto trouble. Assumingthat
AuumLnlllbat $p .. rII plugs
spark plnlsere
are
'ne
the more likely
Uk.lycaulH.
cause, llean
..... ,h,
the ml ....u ... loti
mixture to "'O reoomme"ded lean
the recommended lu" .... mnl'lor
setting for
cruising ml"~l.
crui.inl" flight. II If "'.
the prollle",
problem do does.. 1\01
not el.a.
clear up in In .... ""..1 minu
several .....
minutes,
d.letmi"a
determine if LI ..a ""he.
richer mi"tn
mixture .... IUnli .,lI
setting will p ....... LLCOI _m"""'et
produce smoother DJMLl"UlmL.
operation. 11 If
- no~ p
not, ....... IO
proceed to "'e
the n....et .Irpon
nearest airport fo for... p.lra ...
repairs usinglnl' ULa HOTH po~itiOD
the BOTH position of
11 JuJy
July 1l17li
1979 3-13
the 1FI111""
!ho ignition switch
nrll<lh unless
"nl.... extreme
ulreme roughness dictates the
ro",lIne .. dlctaln ùw use
" ... of
Df a single
aingl.
19n1tlod po.llldn.
ignition position.
MAGNETO M Al FU N CTl ON
MALFUNCTION
A .udde"
A sudden en,l". rourh_ dr
engine roughness mlsfirln, is
or misfiring ~ usually
".,,&11)' e-vLokdC9
evidence dIof
m • .""lO problems.
magneto S .. I\ellln, from
protll"", • . Switching 80TH to
tn>nI BOTH lo elUla.
either L or R ignition
L. or lplllod swlleh
switch
poSl,lon will
position wlll identify
Id.dllt)' which
wlllell magneto
macne!<> is I. malfunctioning.
malfunetlonln,. Select
SelllCl different
dlff,,~dt
po_r ~Unl.
power settings and enrlellen
enrichen the tlle mixture
ml""'~ to de\ennlne if
lo determine U continued
DODllnued
o"" .. tlon on BOTH
operation nOTII magnetos
magna\.M is lo practicable.
praet\eab". If If not, switch
nOI. ... n,,11 to the good
'" Ule ,00II
magneto
m and
. . . .oo .. nd proceed 00 Ula
p ...... e<t to the nearest airport
n ......, .. lor repairs.
Irport for "'paL,...
LOW Cl
lOW OIL PRESSURE
l PR ESSU R E
If
Il low 011 p ....W"O is
oil pressure \ti accompanied
-.npronlood by normal lIorm&l oil temperature,
lempent"..,. Ille,..
there .. is
a possibility
poUlblllly III. the 011 prosa .. " ,aceOr
oil pressure gage or ,..Ilel
relief valve
yalva isLe malfunctioning.
mallUnctLolllnfr. A le leak
....
In Ille Ilne
in the line to00 the
Ule gage
,.~ is le not necessarily
_ ......tly .... u ... for
cause Immedla'"
lo. an immediate
preca"'lon .. ,y landing
precautionary l.. ndlng because
...., .... ". ..
an n orifice
o.lll.,. in ln this
IlIleUne .. HL prevent
line will p ..""nl .... <Iden
a sudden
..... Dr
lloss of DII
oil !rom engine a
the .n~n.
from lhoo .. mp. However,
sump. Ilo .........a landing
LandLn&" .. atIUle ne",..ol ..
the nearest lrport
airport
wDuld be
would bo! ad.yill&bl.
advisable to '" inspect
inapaçl the u. ...... ,...,. 01
source = .. IIL •.
of trouble.
II
If Il
a IOlal
total lo ... or
loss of 011 p ........... is
oil pressure l• ..,OOmpanlo<l
accompanied by •
a • In oLi
L"" in
rise oil
temperature,
lempe."'...... there is good reason
tll ... 18 to e
... aeon '" suspect an
.. opeot .. n ..engine
nlflne failure
I.. U..... is imminent.
l.lmmlnenl
IlMuoe .engine
Reduce ngln. power ImmodlaleL)'
immediately and .. l"",t a ...
select Ilabl" forcod
suitable landln&,
forced landing
f;~ld.
field.U... onl)'
Use only the mlnlm"m power required
'he minimum """,1,0<1 to
lo ,....,11
reach IlIe
the des!rod
desired
IDuchdnwn
touchdown opol
spot..
Malfunctlode In
Malfunctions Ille .leotrl
in the ....1 power
electrical pply ,y'l/Im
supply
po ....... system .......
can be del<l<:l00
detected by
periodic
periodle monitoring
monlto. of Ih
llI&, 01 the..... "'.ler ~"
ammeter and low·YOllAie
low-voltage "'.mln&" Ii&"h~
warning light;
hDw"ver.
however, Ulethe c ...... olth
cause ... maUunctlone
of these malfunctions is I...... &lly "tnlcult
usually difficult '"
to determ1n~.
determine.
A broken
b,..,kon al
alternator drive ..,.1\
.. m ..",. drivo belt or "'Irln,
wiring lo is mool
most Hkel)' the ca
likely Ule ..... or
cause of
al"',..,.IO. lail ...... &11.110"111
alternator failures, although oUl .. factors
other '..,00.. co .. Ld ca,._
could cause th.
the prnblem.
problem. A
damaged or Impn>pad)'
dam&"ed improperly &dj
adjusted alternator
... I.... alle control unlt
......"'. COlIIn>! unit can alan
also c
cause
......
mallunell""
malfunctions. •. ProbIOIll.
Problems or this n.t
of Ulla .... con"it
nature constitute electrical eme~ocy
.. t<o an .1""ldeal emergency
~d
and ol>oshould dealt w\tII
.. ld be d&alt with ImmlldJ.lel)'.
immediately. E10Clrlcal mall .. ncliollil
Electrical power malfunctions
usually
... fall IlIlO
".lIy r.ll into 1"'0 categories: uooulye
two O&Ie&"Qrl-= excessive '.Ie
rate olcb&rJean4inwtticicDI
of charge and insufficient
....
rate of eha..,..
'" or charge. TII. p.r'4!".phl belO"
The paragraphs below deoscrlbo!
describe Ule recommended ffrnedy
the ~ndo<l remedy _
ro, each 8l1Uallon.
for .",,1> situation.
EXCESSIVE
EXCESSt\l CHARGE
E RATE OF C HARGE
...
After engine starting and heavy electrical usage at low engine speeds
C~SSNA
CESSNA SECTION
SECTION 33
.J MODEL
MODEL 152
152 EMERGENCY
EMEROENCY PROCEDURES
PROCEOURES
(such
(.ucb as
lUI extended
uLel1dod taxiing) !.bit b&11.ery
'"",lI".1 the battery condition
ooodltlon will ~ low
wUl be cnough to
1_ enough \O
....,.,pt above
accept tobOve normal
nonn.1eharrl"l
charging during the""r1",
~h. initial p.n of
1n!tl.1 part fll~l However,
or aa flight. t1"",,,v,, •.
after
..ne. thirty
!bl"y minutes
mlnuloOB of c ... lstlll flight,
0 1 cruising u..
mlM. the ammeter
AfrImal<lr should
ab""ld be indicating
IHIlndlc"lng
less 11>"" ,.....
IMe than two needle
n_l ... widths
,d\h. of charging current.
orebUS"'1[I: cUrNnL If the charging rate
Itlbe"b.arJ{IDlJ rate were
... no
to rem •.!.. above
\O remain tb,.
o.b<>ve this value
val ... on
OQ a iWl' flight,
.. long mlbl. the ballery would
~ battery ...... ldovcmutarul
overheat and
&v .. pon.to. the
evaporate lhe .1",,11'01)'1<1
electrolyte at al ....
an u", re~.
. .!ve rate.
excessive
EIec1n>Dlc OGmpone,,1a
Electronic lo the
components in el...u1oal ayaUlm
lbe electrical system can be ..:ive"",l,.
<1&1\ be adversely
r.ttO'Cloed hlpe. than
affected by higher nonna' voltage.
lhan normal .. 01...... The
,.,.., aI"'",&t<>r
alternator ...... 1...1 unit
control unlt
includes
!nelud... an over-voltage sensor
o".... Yollalf'l .. which
".., ... hlch normally
IIOnnally will .ul.om~Uy .IIul
..ili automatically shut
down the
1.11•• ''''",alO'
alternator if the charge voltage
lllhechal'fla voI".. reaches
.....11. . approximately 31.5 volts.
appru.r.iIn .. I.lly31.3 vult&.
If u..
Il the """.·yolla
over-voltage • ., .. m.or malfunctions
sensor m.Uu .. Clloa. Or i. improperly
or is ,mproperl)' &dju~led.
adjusted, lUI
as
evlllc ...::ed by ....
evidenced an oiCOlSsLve rele of
excessive rate 01 ebu,e
charge ,bo." 00 the
shown on Ibe ammeter,
~""r. the \be
.11<: ..... 10. ahould
alternator should be lumed on
be turned off,.• Llarn."'. "circuit
alternator 1,,,..11 breaker
b... aker pulled,
puUfId. nones·
nones-
.... " 11.1 ol...::u1"
sential ... equipment
electrical equlpmeno turned
lumed o"."d !he flight
off and the nllh< "'""In.te<!
terminated lUI """" ...
as soon as
pr..rueal
practical.
llIumln ..Uon 01
Illumination Uli low-voltage
of the 1"",.YoUo.c- light
1I1hl .. noi ammeter
and ammelorc dis d!~·
eh .. r,e indications
charge !nd!e.. Unnl maymo.,y <lCeu. duri"l low
occur during lo ... RPM
RPM ""od,l!onK
conditions
... tlh .0
with an el .. tl'1ul load
electrical 10101 un Iho Iyllorm
on the system,....
suchch Ilas durlnl!.'
during a I low
lo ..
RPM taxi. t.'... Under
Unde, these conditions, the
11>... """dltlono. tho light
IIght will go out at
... LUgoDul.t
bl"hlc RPM. Tha
higher mu~r,wJlch
The master n..od not
switch need 0(11 be recycled .lnoo
ro<:yclod since
an nycr.yollAi\e
over-voltage oond!ttoll
condition hasb•• not ocou~
occurred to l<> de·.cUva\e
de-activate
tho
the .ltornMor
alternator oyltern.
system.
Il the oVlr.voltlg<l
If over-voltage Hn""r
sensor ohould
should o.hul
shut down Il•• altern.toT,
the alternator, DC Il the
or if Ula
~!
alternator circuit
... rnatnr elreu Il breaker should trip,
breako, ahould a dl..,lu"/f1
trop .• discharge rate
ralu will
.... 11 be shown on the
ahownon <h.
ammeter foHow.,!
amm.L1' followed by illumination lh~ low-voltage
.llumln.lioo of the low.yol!.ail~ warning
.... mlog light.
lighl. Sioc.
Since
this m ..y be
Ibla may boe _a "au,no""" t.lp·out, In
"nuisance" trip-out, an ll\empl should bo
attempt ,hOuld be mld<: l<> reactivate
made to Nac\lVlt.l
the alternator Iynom
t.bc l11ero.l<>r system.. To d.o do this,
lhl •. turn
tom lhothe radios
ridio. 0(1.off, Che<lk
check thltthat the
.1\eI'1l ..t(lr el!'O,,!t
alternator b.... ker is
circuit breaker I. Iin,
n, then both .t""~
!han turn booth sides of the mutoT .wl\l:"
<hl master switch 0(1
off
IOd
and th.n
then ....on "If.!n.
again. lf If <hl prGbllm no longer
the problem loog.r ...exists, DO ..... al alLlrnal<>C
1.10. normal alternator
charging w.1I
cha'8".n8" will .. ~"'" .nd
resume and the
\b. low-voltage light will
10.... vol1"1(it ligbl go off. Th.
... 111 ""uf:!. The radios may
rwlloo mo.,y
\beo
then be luruNturned back (IO. Il the
on. If \be light
h llhl llLumu.atl'll
illuminates AIIalo again,.• mMfuucuoD is
a malfunction IO
confirmed.
"" .. I.. med. In \l,II
this <>venl.
event, 11>0
the flight should be terminated
nilbtll!>ould and/ or the """
lermio_tod. ..,d/or current
...."
drlto
drain 00 on llle
the battery mtnlmt.ecl
minimized beQ.UM because the batterybau.ery Catlcan luppsupplyly Il>e
the
el...,tr!ca! system lor
electrical Iyltem for only •a Umlted
limited per!od
period or Urne. Il
of time. If tbeemerlenCYOl>Oun
the emergency occurs
uat nlCh
night, t. powe.
power mustmuJt be oonM,...od
conserved lor l.tor UM
for later use ollhe IlOdln, Urllt
of the landing light &Dd
and
napa
flaps dUMne
during 110<1111'
landing.
l1 July 1!1'711
1979 3-15/(3-16 blaok)
l-IS/(l-18 blank)
4
SECTION 4
NORMAL PROCEDURES
- TABlE OF CONTENTS
TABLE
IJlI.l'Od ~cIIOJl.
Introduction • •••••.•••.
Page
4-3
- Speed .!'"or
Speeds NOTmal Operation
For Normal OperAlloli 4-3
1'.-.f1lgllllnapocuun
Preflight
Cab",
Cabin
Inspection
• • . • .
CH.I!CKLlST PROCEDURES
CHECKLIST
.....
PROC.l!OUttES
..,.,.
,-,
4-5
4-5
..
Empenn''1t
Empennage 4-5
n1Clll Wing,
Wlng. T,.,.mng Edg.
,.,.
Right Trailing Edge 4-5
mCIII Wing
Right WI .. C •.•. ,-o
4-5
No..
Nose . .. . 4-6
..,.
lAfI Wing
Left Wlnll ... . 4-6
tAli Wing,
Left t..oadinl Edge
W,nll. Leading Ed"" 4-6
I..<rll Wing,
Left Wln",. T Ed~
.... mnll Edge
Trailing 4-6
Belo .... S1II.rUnr
Before Enrtne
Starting Engine "4-6
SUor\lnc Fonrln. (Temperatu
Starting Engine
fler......
.... " Above
(Temperatures
.. ko<>ff ....
Abov. Freezing)
"reuln!) ,-,
4-7
,-,
Before "I"
Takeoff 4-7
TalodUft
Takeoff • • •
,-,
4-8
,",-,.
,-,
Non'I",1
Normal TOllwoff
Takeoff . 4-8
Sborl Fltld Taloooff
Short Field Takeoff 4-8
Enroute Cllmb
EnrtlUlb Climb • 4-8
Crulse
Cruise 4-8
De_II'
Descent
Ile/o
Before
......
... 1Landing
Landing
.......111111
mhnK • . . .
NOl"InN
Normal L.amI,ng
Sbor\
8a1ked
Landing
Field Landl"l
Short Flold
Balked ......
After ...... ndlnr
Landing
ndi.o>r
Landing
.
Landing
•
..
,-,
4-9
,-,
4-9
4-9
,-,
4-9
,-,
4-9
4-9
4-10
4·10
Seeurlnc
Securing Alrpl ....
Airplane 4-10
4·10
AMPLIFIED
AMI'LJ f'RO~.I!UUttJ:;S
I' Um PROCEDURES
Starting
8U01U"1 E"lIi,,~
Engine (TQll>peralures
(Temperatures Above F,.......lnl)
Freezing) 4-11
4·11
Tullnr
Taxiing . 4-11
4· !I
L
1 July \979
1979 ,- ,
4-1
TABLE OF
OF CONTENTS (Continued)
(Continued )
,.~
Page
Il,,1,,,," Takeoff
Before Ta!<..,lr ••• 4-13
4·13
...
Wa<m_Up
Warm-Up 4·13
4-13 _
Magneto
M.I'M'O Check
Ch.ek 4-13
4·13
AI~rn.lo r Check
Alternator ChOoCk 4·13
4-13
Taktolf . . . . . .
Takeoff 4-14
ro .....
Chllt"k •••
Power Check 4-14
4·11
I>.'mjl Flap
Wing S~U1na:i
Plop Settings 4-14
4·14
Cro.. wlnd Takeoff
Crosswind To.Ilool! 4-15
4·1~
En"'''10 Clln,b
Enroute Climb 4-15
4·1S
CrolSG
Cruise 4-15
4 ·1~
lAanlnl' With
Leaning Wl th A c.••
A Cessna
na Economy
Econom y Mixture
M ' XL..... Indicator
lod",.",. (EO'!')
(EGT) . 4- 18
4-16
l"Uel Savings
Fuel S ... 'nlrl Procedures
l'roc:edu ..... For
Pu. Flight
Fllgbt Training
Trainin, Operati"n.
Operations .... 4·17
4-17
S.... Ll. • • ••
Stalls • ••• 4-18
4'18
SpIno . . . .
Spins
Landing
Ul.Dd.ng ._m
4-18
4·18
._m
4-20
SIIoM Fleltl Landing
Short Field Lo.ndlnl' 4-20
CTO$swlnd Landing
Crosswind (..ondine"
!.A.... lne
B.lk~ Landing
Balked
'_m
4-20
4-21
Coiti w ••
Cold Weather u. •• Operation
O.,. •• hon 4-21
Noise
No'" Abatement
Ab ..... 'n.OII
• •
,-a ~
'"
4-22
n
H
L
1 July
July 197'9
"
4-2
INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION
Section 4
Sec.lo" provlde. checklltc~
4 provides checklist and
""d amplified
""'1'1111"" procedures
1'"-,,",,, for
lo. the
tII. conduct
cond" ..,
ot norma! o""r.~lon
of normal pto<ledure. .associated
operation. Normal procedures .oocla\ecl with
.. ttll optional
DptlDnal systems
")'5lem8
can fOUnd in
be found
ean be In Section
S<lCtlon 9.
g
- T:ak..,II:
Takeoff:
Normal
Sbo
Climb Ou.
NOrDIal Cllmb
Short
... Field
Out
Fiold Takeoff,
• .•.•
TtoIIooN. Flaps
na"" 10°, Speed at
lO". SpHd 50 Feet
a':SO .......
65-75
~~KIAS
....·
KIAS
54 KIAS
~ !<IAS
CUmb. nep"
Climb, Flaps Up:
Up:
Normal
NOml.1 •.•...•.•.•..• ... 70-80 KIAS
KIAS
Best
Bee' Rate
n.,1e 0of1 Cllmb.
Climb, S
Sea
. . Level
!Ani . . . . . . . . 67
87 KIAS
Best
Be., Rate of Cllmb.
!tale 01 10.000 Feet
Climb, 10,000 ,...... 61
• Hl KIAS
KIAS
a.., Angl ...
Best Angle Climb. S
of, Climb, .. Level
Sea lAvtl thru
\1:11'\1 10.000 P'~t
10,000 Feet ....• !>5
55 KIAS
K IAS
Landing
J..a,ndlllg Approach:
Appro""b:
Normal Approach, Flaps Up
Appt<>Acl>.. "Iap" 60-70 KIAS
6().711
Normal Approach,
Nurmal l'lapa 30°
Approanl:l. Flaps 30" KIAS
55-65 KIAS
5:i.~
Short
Sito ... l'lold
Field Approach,
Ba!kod Lo.ndlnl':
Balked Landing:
Approanb. 1"1."" 30"
Flaps 30° 54 KIAS
~KIAS
Mulmum
Maximum Power, l'lape 30°
Po_er. Flaps 20° . . !<IAS
55 KIAS
M
Maximum 11.eoomm.n~.d Turb
Maxlmum Recommended Turbulent
.. Airl.".•
Alr Penetration Speed:
P, ,, •• utt,,,, 5"...d:
1670
lH711 Lbs
Lb. • • • • • • • •• ••••• 104
\04 KIAS
1500 Lbs
1&00 Lb. • • •••• 98 KIAS
9S KtAS
1350 Lbs
1360 Lbol . . . . . . . ...• 93 KIAS
MKW;
Maximum
Maxlmum Demonstrated Crosswind Ve""'''y
o..",ollalr.led Croaswlnd Velocity 12 KNOTS
12
I1 Jujy
July 1979 4-3
n
n
n
n
NOTE
NO''"
Visually
Viau&lly check
check airplane
.irJIllolle for
for general
IWnet&l condition
oo"dillO!> during
duri",
w&lk •• round inspection.
walk-around 111 • .,..,llon. In
In cold
l'Old weather, ",movo even
wu!he •. remove
am&ll accumulations
small """,UW UI"liolll of lroll. ice
01 frost, Ice or
O' snow
IliO .. from
from wing,
wlll&. tail
wl
and oonlrol.ur!lC(lt.
LII<I control surfaces. Also, mu. "u"'
AlIKI. make sure that OOIlU'O\5ur!aeos
!h.l control surfaces
contain
"""11110110 lIItern"llC(lU.tllulallonl
no internal accumulations of 01 ice
Ice or
o. debris.
debrlo. Prior
Prlor to
IO
mahl. check
flight, 1h.lpllOl
cheol< that h •• Ie. (if
pitot heater (lflnsw.II.c1) 18 warm
installed) is ... rm to \OUch
IO touch
within
.. Ilhln 30
30 seconds
oeoondll with
wllh battery
balte,.,. and pllol heat
.nd pitot ~ •• I_II"h
switches DD.
•• on.
If
l fa. night
nl&l>l flight
ntrhllais planned, check operation
plLlln.cl. check 0!M' .1'Dn ofo/.n hllhta.
all lights,
and
LIId make
make sure
""","a flashlight
OullUpll. is available.
availabl •.
~.4
4-4 Jul)' 1!7111
1I July 1979
- MODEL
MOOP.L, 152
1M!
CHECKLIST
CHECKLlST PROCEDURES
PROCEDUAES
NORMAL PROCEDURES
NOKMAL?ROCEDURES
PAEFLlGHT INSPECTION
PREFLIGHT
(T)CABIN
(!) CABIN
I.
1. Pilot's H...,dbook·- AVAIW\Bt.E IN THE AIRPt.ANE.
Operating Handbook -- AVAILABLE IN THE AIRPLANE.
rU"'-.OptT.ll",
2.
!/. Con.FO! Wheel
Control WlMoIllA<:k
Lock --·· REMOVE.
REMOVE.
3.
3. I~,u"" Switch
Ignition Sw,LCh --
·· OFF.
OFF.
4.
4. M ..\er SwilCh
Master .• ON
Switch -- ON.o
I WARNING
When
Wben turning
lumini on
oa the
!he master switch,. ...
,..,..steT .....-ilCh using
inl an external
at ""'Ie....
poWOT ao
power source, OT pulling
.. roe. or pUlli"r the
ULe prop.ll •• through
propeller Ihrou!!,h by h.nd.
b)' hand,
treat the
'«Le' prop"IIIT as
1IL. propeller .. if
"Ihthe igniliou
ignition ... ilCh ..
switch Ino ono
were on. Do not
OU noI
stand,
I ... nd. nor allow
nOT .Uo anyone Il
.. ""')'_. else to 11&<Ld.
... IO wilhln .h
stand, within ......, ol!he
the arc of the
pmptU....
propeller, ,nge ea loose
since 100M Or brollon.wino. or.
or broken,wire, or a OODlpoueM
component
malio..ncllon. oould
malfunction, could cause the propeller
""u.. ULe propelleT to rotate.
\O TOt&le.
5.
11. Fuel
FUll Qua.nu')' indicatori"- CHECK Q
Quantity Indicators QUANTITY.
UANTITY.
6. M...... Switch
Master S wJtch --
.• OFF.
OFF .
7. Shutol! Valve
FUl l Shutoff
Fuel ONo
Vah'G"-- ON.
@EMPENNAGE
@) EMPENNAGE
1. !\ud<llT Ou.t
Rudder Gust Lock
!..<>tl< - REMOVE
•• REMOVE.
~.
2. T.il
Tail Tl.-U<lwIL'· DISCONNECT
Tie-Down -- DISCONNECT.
3. Control Surl"""
Con.rol Surfaces •.•-- CHECK freedom o!
CHECK Ir.ldom mo .. ~m~IL'ILILd
of movement and ""uril)'.
security.
(3) RIGHTWINGT
@ RIGHT WING Trailing Edge
•• i1ingEdg.
1.
I Aileron -- Cltt:CK
Anemn·· CHECK freedom of mO
I.... dom 01 movement and
... men' "",d aa<:urj~.·
security. *
0(?) R1GHT
RIGHT WING
WING
I.
1. Wing T1I·OoWII'·
W'D&" Tie-Down -- DISCONNECT.
2. Melo Tire -- CHECK lor
Wh",,1 TI...,··
Main Wheel for proper Inn.tlo".
inflation.
3. Beto
Before•• tlnil mlhl 01
first flight of the
!he day and al\.eT
:le)' end each l"CLfUeUnl.
after e..,b refueling, U$e use sempler
sampler
cup eod
"up and dnola small qu&.nth)'
drain amali quantity 01 of luellrom
fuel from fUel
fuel ..
tank
alt sumsump p qui""
quick-.
dr.la
drain ve'v. to <lh..,
valve 'LI check .. for leT. _Ime,>!
water,
IOT .... sediment, • •and
nd propeT
proper lUel;rade.
fuel grade.
44... Fuel Quandty .. CIlECI{ VISUALLY
Quantity--CHECK VISUALLY fOT for desl ..... Ilevel.
desired .... el
~5. JPueI P"1l1er Cap ··
Fuel Filler - SECUItl{
SECURE.
1• Jul)'
July 1979
1!1711 4-5
5)I\IOSE
@NOSE
••
1.
,,
3.
fuel line drain plug will be necessary.
Propeller and Spinner -- CHECK for nicks and security.
4. Carburetor Air Filter -- CHECK for restrictions by dust or other
,.
5.
foreign matter.
Landing Light(s) -- CHECK for condition and cleanliness.
_
,•,.
6. Nose Wheel Strut and Tire -- CHECK for proper inflation.
7. Nose Tie-Down -- DISCONNECT.
8. Static Source Opening (left side of fuselage) -- CIiECl< lO,
CHECK for
.lOppoge.
stoppage.
©LEFT
@ WING
LEFTWI NG
,.•
1.
2.
Main Wheel Tire -- CHECK for proper inflation.
Before first flight of day and after each refueling, use sampler cup
and drain small quantity of fuel from fuel tank sump quick-drain
'
,.,.
3.
valve to check for water, sediment and proper fuel grade.
Fuel Quantity -- CHECK VISUALLY for desired level.
4. Fuel Filler Cap - SECURE.
(?) LEFT WI
0LEFT WING Leading Edge
NG Leeding Edge
1.
I. p,,,,, Tube Covo,··
Pitot Tubo REMOVB iUld
Cover -- REMOVE "~.~k eponh'l
and check opening for lO' '",ppo.go_
stoppage.
3.
2. Slall
Stall Wamuli
Warning O~nln
Opening j[ ••
-- Cl/ECI<
CHECK lo'for ''''PI»IK't.
stoppage. "1"0 To ç_k , ....
check the
ayotem. piace a cl
system, place . ." han<lko",hiol
clean handkerchief ovo< Ilo. v.n'
over the vent 0""""'$
opening am;
and
...,1100, a""uDd
apply •suction; lrom the
a sound from wa mln~ 110m
th. warning IO llI """lInn
horn will confirm oyotem
system
Ol"'raUcn.
operation.
3. Pu.1 Tank V."'
Fuel Vent Opo"I"&"
Opening -- CHECI< fu" .toppap.
CHECK for stoppage.
4. Wlng Tlo·Down
Wing Tie-Down ·· -- DISCONNECT.
®
(?) LEFT
LEFT WI
WING Trailing Edg,
NG T,.illn9 Edge
I.
1. Alloro,,··
Aileron -- CHECI<
CHECK 1"-",
freedom 01 mov~mont and •
of movement ..,u,lty.
security.
I.
1. p",milhl Inspection
Preflight [11'pecLlQI1 •.
-- COMPLE"TE.
COMPLETE.
Hl
4-6 1l July limi
1979
~.
2. ~ .. ". Belts,
Seats, a~I". Shoulder
SlIoulde. Harnesses
[I .. m ..... --
0 0 ADJUST
AOJUST and !.OCK.
o.nd LOCK.
J.
3. ~'uol Shutoff
Fuel 511""'11 Valve
V .......--o ON.
ONo
..
4. Radio ..Electrl~o.1 Equipment o.
Radios, Electrical Eq"lpmllnl
-- 0f'F'.
OFF.
5.
5. Br ....." ·· TEST "",d BET.
Brakes -- TEST and SET.
6.
6. Cl",,,11
Circuit e ......
k.... --
Breakers ·· CHECK IN.
IN.
NOTE
NOTE
l.
1. '-h1lI ...... ··
Mixture RiCH.
-- RICH.
~.
2. Ct.tb ....."'. Heat
Carburetor H •• lo. -- COLD.
3.
3. PTIm.
Prime -- ·· AS REQUIRED
REQUIREO ("p IO 3 Itroku
(up to nO" .. if
strokes - none
o .nli... is
U engine I" warm).
WLrm).
4
4. Tllroule·
Throttle --· OPEN 1/2 III !NCH (CI.QSED if
INCH (CLOSED enpn~ is
Il engine I••warm).
"mI).
5. f'1oopellerA
Propeller Area ........ CU:AR.
-- CLEAR.
I..
6. M.."te.
Master 6",",,11
Switch -- ONo
.0 ON.
7. 1IIIIIlon
Ignition S_IL"h··
Switch -- START ((release.... 1...... hon ."g1no
when engine starts).
_11..11).
6.
8. Throllie
Throttle --. AOJUST
ADJUST for lo. 1000 RPM or less.leu.
;9. Oil
Oli PrH~ ..... --
Pressure ·• CHECK.
10.
IO. Flashing
l' Beacon Uld
..... Mng Ou.oon and Navigation Lights --. ON
Nulla!!on !.llbts ON"as required.
tf>quircd.
11.
Il. Radio. o.
Radios -- ONo
ON.
TAKEOFF
BEFORE TAKEQFF
l.
1. [''''I<ing llrak"
Parking Brake --
o. S~:T.
SET.
2. CLI>in -- C
000' •••
Cabin Doors I .oS~:D and LATCHED.
CLOSED LATCIIBl>
3. FIiW-bl
Flight COI1II"OI
Controls ••• ~'RI!:I!: .nd
-- FREE and CORRECT.
4. Flight Instruments -- SET.
FUlhllllllrumonllo·o
55. Fuel Shutoff
F'uel Sh .. ",11 Valve
VaI" • •--o ONo
ON.
6. Mixture -- RICH (below 3000 feet).
"'1"lu ... ·· (belo" 3000 I",l.
7. EI~valO. Tr1m TAKEOn'.
Elevator Trim o.
-- TAKEOFF.
Il.
8. Tltro'tI.
Throttle o 1700 RPM.
--' 1700 III'M .
..
a. M.gD&lOo ••
Magnetos -- CHIi:CK
CHECK {HPM(RPM dl"Op.hould
drop should not noluc_
exceed 125 RPM on
either "'"'11"0&10
elth.r magneto or 11(150 RPM differential
RPM dlrl .... ntlal between
b.tw_n magnetos).
magn"_J.
b CubLirelOr
b. Carburetor H ..I··
Heat -- CHECK (lo.
(for RPM dl"Op).
drop).
e..
c. Engine Insuumen,..
Enlflne Instruments &nel
and Ammeto
Ammeter -- CHECK.
. ..
d. S"ellon
Suction Ollp
Gage "-- CHECK
CHECK.
e.
.. Throttle ..
Tltrollte -- 1000 RPM OR LESS.
'ODO HPM U:SS .
9. Radio.··
Radios -- S"-"T.
SET.
10.
lO. Strobe L.i"bu."
8lz01M Lights -- AS OESIREO.
DESIRED.
Il.
11. 1111""01\1& FriC\.Lon Loock
Throttle Friction Lock ..
-- ADJUST.
12..
12. Brali
Brakes ... o.
-- RE1.EASE.
RELEASE.
11 J"ly
July III?SI
1979 4-7
TAKEOFF
NORMAL TAKEOFF
NORMAl
1. .... P1.po
Wing
l. Wi Flaps .--• 0".
0°- IO".
10°.
2.
2. Carburetor
C.rb ...... \.cIr Heat ··
-- COLO.
COLD.
3.
3. Throttle -
Thro!;\le !l'ULL OPEN.
" FULL OPEN.
(4.. Elevator
Elev .. \.cI. Control - •• LIFT NOSE WHEEL al
NOSF. WliEgL at SO
50 "IAS.
KIAS.
5.
5. CUmb
Climb Speed
Spee<I ·--· 65-75
lI!i.7!I KIAS.
KIAS.
SHORT FIELD
FIElD TAKEOFF P
1.
l.
2.
3.
3.
Wing
Wln, Flaps
Flap* "-- 10°.
Carburetor Heat
C.rbu.reto.
Brakes
IO" .
Hoat --
- APPLY.
8ralo.. ·• APPLY.
COLD.
·· COLO. -
n
4.
4. Throttle -
Tbro!II. · · FULL
FULL OPEN.
OPEN.
5.
5. Mixture -- RICH
MilulI ... •· (above 3000
RiCH (.t>ove 3000 feet, LEAN to
fee'-LEAN obtain madmum
\.cl oblaln maximum RPM).
RPM).
86.. S.un ··
Brakes -- RELEAS&'
RELEASE.
77.. Elevator
Eleva\.cl. Control
ConU"OI ··- SLIGHTLY
SLIOHTLY TAIL LOW..
l"AIL LOW
8.
(I.. Climb Speed
CUmb SpeoI>d --
•• 54
&4 KIAS
"IAS (until ali obalaCla
(IIOtU all obstacles ....
are 101 • ...-..1)-
cleared).
9.
iii. Wing napa --
Wl'" Flaps •• RETRACT
Rt."TJlACT slowly after
aln .. ll' aI1a . .reaching 60 KIAS.
..ebl". 50 KIAS.
ENROUTE
ENROUTE CLIMB
ClIMB
1.
lo Airspeed -- 70-80
Alnpee<1·· 7tJ..80 KIAS.
KIAS .
NOTE
NOTE
If
Il a maximum
m&Ximllm performance cUm~ is
p-orlonn ...."" climb il necessary,
noce..ary. use speeds
" I e.peedoo
shown
. hn .. n in
[n the
Utl Rate
Ralfl Of
Of Climb
CUmb chart
ehwt in Section 5.
In SOClIOll 3.
2.
2. Throttle
T broUlt·· - FULL
FULL OPEN.
OPBN.
3.
3. Mixture
Ml;r;!III"I —
· · RICH
RICH below
belo. 3000 ~ LEAN
3000 feet, Lt;;AN for maximum RPM
fDrm&xlmum RPM above
a_
3000 1_.
3000 feet.
CRUISE
CAUISE
I
1. Power
!'D..... -- UIOO·~ RPM
.. 1900-2550 (ne more
RPM (no mn .. than 7!lIIO).
th..., 75%).
~.
2. Elevator Trim -- ADJUST.
Elev .. \.cI.Trlm·· APJUST.
3.
J. Mixture -- LEAN.
Mb!u,...·· I.KAN .
,-,
4-8 July 1979
1l July 11179
OESCENT
DESCENT
'-
1. M'x'u""._
Mixture -- ADJUST forlor om.,.,.n
smooth OJ)e'.t!on (full rl<:n
operation (fu!! lor idle
rich for Idi. power).
power)
2. "' ... , ••
Power DI\S!lIED.
-- AS DESIRED.
3. C.rtlu,..I<I,
Carburetor Heat HOa< .. f'UL.L HEAT
-- FULL HEA T AS lIEQUillED.
Alj REQUIRED.
SEFORE
BEFORE LANDING
1. Soa ... Belts,
Seats, 0.1"'. Harn" ..... _ -- "I)JUST
Harnesses ADJUST and UlCK.
LOCK.
t.
2. Mixture -- RICH.
JoIixtu,",··
:I.
3. Carburetor Hu.
Corbu~, Heat _.
-- ON (opply lull b.o'
(apply full belo," Teductn,
heat before _'l,
reducing power).
LANDING
NORMAl
NORMAL LANOING
LANDING
I.
1. AlnPft<l -- (I()-'I'O
Airspeed 60-70 KiASKIAS (nop. DI'),
(flaps UP).
t.
2. WIDi l'la",,··
Wing Flaps OESUlEO ("'10"
-- AS DESIRED (below ~ KIAS).
85 KIAS),
3,
3. Al .. ~ __
Airspeed M·8Z KIAS
-- 55-65 KIAS (nop. UOWN~
(flaps DOWN).
t4.. ToucMo
Touchdown.. " __
-- MAIN WHEELS l'IRST.
FIRST.
5.
li. Landlng- Ro!! -- LQWf:lI
Landing Roll WHf:EI. G
LOWER NOSE WHEEL E!<."'T!. ....
GENTLY.
6.
8. B' .k'ng-.'
Braking REQUIRED,
-- MINIMUM REQUIRED.
S HO RT FIELO
SHORT LAN DING
FIELD LANDING
1.
I. AI .."",, -
Airspeed .. 1lO_?<l'KtAS
60-70'KIAS (flapo
(flaps Uf).
UP).
2. l't.po ..
WlnJi Flaps
Wing - 30" ... t.... 8lI
30° ((below KIASI,
85 KIAS).
3. "lnpoed
Airspeed ..- M"INTAIN
MAINTAIN 54 KIAS. KIAS,
t.
4. PQ,.e,.-
Power -- 1I8DOCE
REDUCE 1<1 idle a'
to l<Il, as obao.el. l, cl
obstacle is •• _
cleared.
5. Touchdown -- MAIN
TouohdoWB" WHEELS FIRST.
M"IN WH88!.S l'tIlST
e.
6. B,ok .. __
Brakes APPL'" HEAVILY.
-- APPLY _"VIL"'.
7. n.p. __
WIOK Flaps -- 1I.ETRACT.
Wing RETRACT.
BALKED LANDING
8AlKED
l1. Tn...,Ul*
Throttle ..-- FULL OI'EN.
OPEN.
t.
2. Carburetor
C .. TbUTOLO' Heat __ COLO.
H ... - COLD.
:I.
3. Wl"g Flaps
Wing l'lap ...
-- R!:TRACT
RETRACT to 20°.
1<1 20'.
•4. "',"po"" _. M55 KIAS.
Airspeed --
"5. Wing Flaps
Wl", -- RETRACT
l'lapo .. (slowly).
Rt."'TRACT (otowty ).
11 July limi
1979 ,-,
4-9
AFTER LANDING
I.
1. Wln~ Flaps
Wing "1&~ -- .. UP.
UP
~
2. C ...bu.....,. Heat
Carburetor 11.... --
•• COLD.
COL.!).
SECURING AIRPLANE
1.
I. Parking
Parll1nC Brake -- SET.
Orale ••• St:T.
~
2. Radios,
Radl_ Electrical
Elee,rlcaJ Equipment -- O".
t:qutp"",at·· OFF.
3. Mixture -- IDLE
MI"''' .. •• (pull full
IPLE CUT-OFF (p~U out).
f ..ll OtIt).
4.
4. 19n>Llon Switcb
Ignition Switch ··01'1'.
-- OFF.
:\.
5. M&'lIe .. 8w!lch
Master Switch ··
-- O",
OFF.
6.
8. Locll: ··
Control Lock
Conlrol lNST .... LL.
-- INSTALL.
~
n
n
n
n
n
4- 10
4-10 I1 Jul)'
July Ill7ll
1979
AMPLIFrEO PROCEOURES
AMPLIFIED PROCEDURES
11th.
If the ongLne
engine is u"d .. prlmed (mo",
lo underprimed IIkoly in
(most likely In ",,1<1
cold ", .. Ihor ..
weather lIh •a .,.,Id
with cold
engine) it
onlllne) l. will no'
w Lll not fire
Il .... .n.
at1 all, ...,<I
and oddl.
additional
loul priming
prlmllll" will necessary.
1'1'111 be D-.. ..ry
Ah"r
After slOrllng.lltho
starting, if the oU
oil Sogo
gage _ . no'
does begin ","o
not ,,"gin to show.. pressure
p ..... u ..... [lhln:JO
within 30
tMeOnd.
seconds In UI ••summertime
in the u"'''' ••lI'''O O"".()(Iul
and about h.Leo
twice lh.llonrin •• 'y ""Id
that long in very ..... h.r.
cold weather,
""p''''
stop the engine
ooglno and
Md (ovinvestigate. Loc~ O[
... I1' .... Lack of "il p~"uro u"
oil pressure o.~ . . .serious
can cause .,I"".
engine doml4['t.
oorl"" An.. OIO'''''g.
damage. After starting, ovOld
avoid the u .. o(
Ih. use of <ubu,OIo,
carburetor heatboa' uol ...
unless
lo,nll OQndillo".
icing conditions prevail.
provul
— NOTE
Detall. ocn~rnlng
Details cold "'."'~
concerning ""Id o ' ''''rli"'_Dd
weather starting and ope ••"'lon al
operation at
"'""po..
temperatures
I" .... below
bolo,. freezing
1..... mayIn'
moy be bo found under Cold
("uad "ndor
W~.Ih., Operation puunpho
Weather O"",,,UOn paragraphs In this ...,UOD.
in Iht. section.
TAXIING
Whon
mlnlm"m
Inll"Q:. it
When taxiing,
minimum .ad
Il is 1m"",.,...,.
I. important 1Il
all ooD'rolo
.hOl .11
and that
that ~ ."d
•••speed
be u'III09<1
controls Ilo utilized (uo
UN 01
and use
(see Tulln,
b ... 1<00 be held
of brakes
Taxiing Diagram,
IO"a
bol<! to
Dlo,ram. figure
Il,,,,,, 4·
4-
- Z) lO maintain
2) to molntaln dl
1 July 1979
... "'I,," ,,1 <:»nlml
directional Md b.I."
control and ...
balance.
4-11
-n
n
n
_n
CODE NOTE
Strong
$1 quartering
.... "'.,1 • .-1 .. tail ..-I
'oli winds ,.,.01"' ....
.... require caution.
U ....
WIND DIRECTION
OIRECTION • Avoid
Il>'014 sudden bursts of "'.
"'.11. the ",
throttle
.....,)0"'" ......
and sharp
p
braking
.....
Il
Use
..
when the li
,'" .........
......
the "H,abI.
airplane
steerable _
1OI_n 41.ocUon.
maintain direction.
nose _
is In
....... I.
wheel
in "'l.
,and
this ,",'lIudo.
_.
attitude.
- , IO
rudder to n
Figure 4-2. Taxiing Diagram
n
4-12 ,1 JIII)'
July ,!1?11
1979
n..
The CAl'M,..u.. boa ' oon<rollmob
carburetor heat control knob aJtoul<l
should ... pu.hod full in
be pushed lo dmlng
during all a"
",,"nd operations unI
ground op"u.uo'" ... heat
unless hoat is
l. oMel'u"ly Wbon 1M
" .....oH)'. When
absolutely necessary. the Imob
knob is ,O
_ puU
pulled out IO
... oat 'M heat
to the pooluon. a"
h." position, air ." .. rlng the
entering tno ,ng'no lo no'
engine is not f1I
filtered.
..,.....
Taxiing aver
TuU"S loose a-rovol
over 100M cinders ùou~~
gravel or el.o>\lon ~ don
should be done••at'10'"
low enll"'''''
engine
apeed
speed 10 avoid obr
to nold .. lon ond
abrasion stone d
and 010<1, .m.~ \o
damage 'he propeller
to the prol>"lIe, tips.
'II>".
n
The, m'3f,
nose wh .. l is
wheel ,. dUI,"
designed IO .ulOm.Uoally
... to .,.n""straight ahood
automatically center .'n.1l1ht ahead
when "'o
whon the n"""
nose otnll
strut isl. fully
lully .extended.
. .. ndod. In the n.n<"',
'he event the nose strut 1.
n""" "'"" is av
over-
.....
Inn ..... ona
inflated t""
and the "'l'luo.
airplane is lO loodod
loaded to a rearward
"'..... _""M"rolll'
center of gravity
... vity position,
po''''o''.
it may bo
be necessary partially ""'"
,,_...ry to ponlally compress
p ..... the strut to
"'O ."", IO permit steering.
",rm" .... "",. ThThis..
can bo
e&O be acoompllohod
accomplished priorpnor toIO [Un",
taxiing by d'l'noN'".,
depressing the [ho .l'l'l"".
airplane <>OH
nose (by
band) O'
hand) or durlDi'
during tul
taxi by .sharply
bo'l'ly opp.1yl"l1 brolr ....
applying brakes.
- BEFO RE TAKEOFF
BEFORE
WAA M·V P
WARM-UP
MOOi' 0.1
Most of the.ho warm·up
warm-up will.,Ill have _o "",,~uetod
bove been conducted <larln" lUI. a.nd
during taxi, and
oddUlon.1 .... rm·"p before
additional warm-up bol" .. I&.lroofl
takeoff ohould bo restricted
should be ... o"le,"", to
IO "'.
the chookll
checklist••
pl"OCMur .... Slnoo
procedures. ilio .engine
Since the "Eino isl. elo .. ly ""
closely .. lod for
cowled 'or e'llelon. In .n!i'ht
efficient in-flight
.""lIn" p...,ou"ono .hould
cooling, precautions should bebo tai"o
taken IO avoid OV
to nold ••I1eMIn, on ,bo
overheating (mond.
the ground.
MAGNETO CHECK
The magneto
Tb. m.",oto ob check should be
.." .1>ou16 bo made
m...... at 1700 RPM as
' I?OO follows. Move
.. lollo"'. Movo
ignition ,switch
l81'lUon ,"neh first
IIn' to
IO R position
_IUc" .od """"",V•....
""le RPM. Next move switch
and note iIob"..,,,
back toIO
aOT!!
BOTH to IO CIO .. "'e
clear other o"
the olbo, set 01 pl '4l'. no"
of plugs. mov' oswitch
Then move IO lho
... ll<b to the LL position,
_11100,
note RpM
no" RPM a.ndand relum I~ ••
return the "'!I<h to
switch IOI.hO BOTH _"100.
the BOT!! RPMdrop
position. RPM drop ohould no'
should not
oxe<!od
exceed ,2:1 125 RPM OD ."b.,
on either ",",,,,'10 .ho", ,.......,
magneto or show greater than ~ RPM
Ulo .. 50 Rl'M dlfl .... " ·
differen
tial bo'_"
\lo..! between magnetos.
"'.81''''''-. If
Il there
I.h.", is
l••a doubt concerning operation
rIoubt oo"""m'oll: of "'.
0110 ...10" 01 the
ignition oy
(11:";'\011 ... m. RPM C
system, ..... U ..
checks MlhO! '''I!'l1>&
at higher engine .po<dO
speeds willw!ll usually
"oool1y ""ofilm
confirm,
... h ......, .a d.liel.""y
whether U'-\e.
deficiency exists.
A" absence 01
An ollM""" of RPM drop may",",y bo
be u Ir>dleallon 01
an indication sround.l .. ., 01
laully grounding
of faulty of
ono
one .id. of \ho
side 01 the lpillon
ignition oY''''''
system o' or obo .. ld be
should bo .0 .... for
cause Ior ."p loloo 'h
suspicion • bo
•• the
that
- magnoto
magneto '''''in,
timing lO""
ALTERNATO R C
ALTERNATOR
l" odv
is set in
HEC K
CHECK
...... 01
advance of ,h.
the "'l\l"K
setting "p..:llio<!.
specified.
ptior IO
Prior ntghu where
to flights ... h..... verification
vo"lio"loD 01 of proper altorna..".
alternator .....
andd 'l"molOr
alternator
ooo'rol
control un" operation lis
unit ol>","t(o" ..... "Ilo..! {(such
essential ... Ch .. n; ..~' Or
as night nl .. h .. ~ •a
ln ..... m.". flights),
or instrument
PO'ltlvo
positive .... rlllo •• ;oo 0011
verification can bo be mad..
made by loading loa<!i"ir 'bo electrical oyolom
the .l.ottioa! system
n'om.nl>.rI[y
momentarily (3 to \o ~5 oocoll<lol
seconds) .. ilh tiro
with .li~b1 . o.
landl"" light,
the landing or by ol>"raUoB
operating the "' •
.,l.o>,. nOl'O durloi'
wing flaps during theu.. o"lIlno
engine ",0"1'
runup (1700 RPM), RPM). TheTh. &mm
ammeter.... will
.. 111 remain
",moln
1l July 19'7\1
1979 4·.3
4-13
within
conw'
a
wilhi.n a needle
~_'o width
~nl' are
control unit
..
t~,~ <>l
of U.
U"o openllng
initial "".iU04
its ;mLlol
operating prol"'r'y.
properly.
Il the
position if 'ho olL.,..,O<or
alternator .od
and 0.1""'01<1'
alternator —
TA KEOFF
TAKEOFF
CHECK
POWER C HEC K
IL is
It IO trnponon'
important to '" ~b.~1r.
check full •• hrottl. ~ngt""
full-throttle engine "l' ....""" U,ly
operation In Lhe
early in the
takeoff run.
takoofl Any 01
N n. AIIy sign of ""'gli
... 01 rough ongtn.
engine operation
OPO"'''O" .".or olonl,h '"«m.
sluggish engine
_acceleration
o'..oLlo" "is .ro<>d
good c,u,.
cause fo.
for d
discontinuing 'u
'-oont.l..o oln r the takeoff.
takoofl. il 'h lo "",,uni.
If this occurs, y",o
you
are jWlUned
justified ,,,in maklnll"
making a IhO"'"
thorough LI"b full-throttle
lul'·'bn>ul. ota ,Ic nmup
static bolo .. ",n,h.,.
runup before another
..... oofll.
takeoff is ,attempted.
' .. mp"",,. Tbo ' "IfI""
The engine .shouldbould run
nI" .moo'hly
smoothly .od tu'" aapproxi
and turn ppro,l.
m ... ly USO
mately 2280 to '" 1!380
2380 RPM wllll
with ..carburetor ho"ott
",,,,"IO. heat off a nd mixture
and mb,u", leanedI.,nod to
'"
maximum RPM
mnlmum RPM.
F\,
Full 'bromo runups
il throttle Nn"pO 0"'"
over 100M
loose fIn",,1
gravel ....
are .especially
. ]»<:lo.Uy barmlul IO
harmful to
p,""poU.r tips.
propeller Ljpo. When ta Whon
takeoffs "'Wl' be
...... lf. must bo made
rna4<tovoro. "uvo'.uri..,.,.
il is
over a gravel surface, it l. very
vory
lmportan'
important 11>., that Lhe \brom. be
the throttle bo advanced
o.dvonced .Iowly.
slowly. n".
This olio ... the
allows LI•• airplane
,Irplo ... ",
to
.ta ... rollll'LI"
start bolo ... h1ih
rolling before high RPM is ta devoloped.
developed, and tbe gravel
ond the IOlU be
f'"'v OI will boblo"'"
blown
~
b..," 01
back of 1M p,..,pellu rather
the propeller ... IM, than
'han pulled
pulloll into
InlO it.
IL When
Wh<Ib unavoidable
u""""ldabl. omall small
d.n
dentsla .appear
ppo or In the propoUe,
in "'" bl ...... o. they
propeller blades, tboy oshould
ho" ld be
bo 'mmed' . .. ,y ",,""octo<L
immediately corrected
as """"
... described
... _ in Section 6
In S60""n 8 und.,
under Propeller
Propoll •• C Care.
....
p,,,,,
Prior \O
to takeoff
takOOfJ from fields &bo
rro", n.,,.. above 3000 foe'
.... :lOro feet 01'''01104
elevation,.• the
ho mixture
,,",'uro
.bo"1d
should be lo ... od \o
bo leaned to L!"lvo """im"1D HPM
give maximum RPM in iD'a fuU·'broUIo.
full-throttle, otaLlo "mup_
static runup.
WI N G FLAP SETTINGS
WING
Normal takeoffs are accomplished with wing flaps 0°- 10°. Using 10°
wing flaps reduces the total distance over an obstacle by approximately
"
10%. Flap deflections greater than 10° are not approved for takeoff. If 10°
wing flaps are used for takeoff, they should be left down until all obstacles
are cleared and a safe flap retraction speed of 60 KIAS is reached.
o"
On a o"ort n.ld. 10°
short field, H)' wing
.. Ini flaps
nap' and
ud ....
an "b.""'l.
obstacle oleoran
clearance .. .speed 01 54
petd of
KIA
KIAS S sllould
should be bo "ood.
used. Thl
This••speed provid... the
peood provides ,bit best
bo. , ove , al] cllmb
overall climb op<H>d '"
speed to
clou
clear .,.,."""
"round
obstacles
lav ol.
ground level.
. . .when
.bon ,oktnS 'n", ..",.,"",
taking into turbulenco "Ilon
account turbulence !ound near
often found .,.u
Solt or """ib
Soft o, rough n.ld
field tokOC>ll
takeoff ..... porform.d wllI>
s are performed IO' ..
with 10° 1"11" flaps
wing n '1" by lifting
IIniDi
o. t<
4-14 I/u]y 1m
1 July 1979
CROSSWIND
CROSSWIN TAKEOFF
O TAKEOF F
To.lr;~rt.
Takeoffs into _troni crosswinds
InlO strong ol'Oll.w1Dd. normally are performed with
no""all)' &Te wlll> the
tlIe
ml.o.imum n.p ....
minimum flap n_ ....y for
tinl necessary
setting ler tlIo n.ld length,
the field l.n(tlt, to
IO minimize
mlnlmlae the drift
11>. drift
anlle
angle immediately
Immeodlatel, after
afle' takeoff.
laIl..,rt. With the an.renl
Wl.1I .... P,"lO.U,. doon_
ailerons partially tnID
deflected into
the wind,
th. the airplane
wlnd ....... is """"1
rpl .... I. accelerated
••• IM IO to •
a •speed h~lw. than
slightly higher
peed .h!lhll,.
lI>e wind
pulIM off
wbU. d.Utlll",
tuOw&)' while
ort &llnlpU,.
drifting. When
\l/Iod to
IO correct
abruptly to IO PA_t
clear of
Whill elou
00......,' for drift.
of!be
_.,hl ......
prevent possible
' ..... 001. make
the ground,
UiD& back
settling
a coord
m ....... coordinated
IO
baclt to
.... 1ed
ENROUTE
ENRQUTE CLIMB
ClIMB
Normal climI.- .....
Nonnal climbs perfonned with
are performed nape up and
wlth flaps ...,01 full
full throttle
throttl. and ot
uuI at
speeds 5 to
opaMloL S IO 10
IO knots
"""III higher
hlll"-' than
WII best
1.-.1 rate-of-climb
rata""f..,\lmb speeds
ope.da for
for the
Ibe best
ba.t
co ... b ..... loll of
combination 01 performance,
""rlorl""""', visibility lLJ1<I '"Iine
"iliblUl}' and oooll.o.&. 'Ibt
engine cooling. mUtun.
The mixture
thollld be
should bo full deb below
luJl rich bolo .. 3000 foIL' uuI
3000 feet ma,. be
and may I<>olleod .bove
be leaned 3000 feet
above 3000 fee, for
lor
lIIIlootller operation
smoother operatlno or or to ab",lll maximum
IO obtain mazimum RPM. RPM. Forl''or maximum
mox1nlum rate .. \ti of
01
cllmb,
climb, use u.... the
IlLe best rale",,'..,lImb speeds
bIt.1 rate-of-climb .pHd.•• lIoom in
shown In the na", Of
tho Rate or Climb
Cllmb chart
ob.tJ,rt
In Section
in Secllon 11. tr an obstruction
5. If dIetA"'. the
Obllln,,~tlon dictates l'''' use
u.. ofor a steep
..... p climb
c11mb angle,
..nel., the
tho
_ ba,t anlt"ltJ.of-cU
best angle-of-climb m b .pMCI IlLould be
speed should UHd with
be used n .. p.o up
wllh flaps up and "",ximum
anI! maximum
puw.r. Climbs
power. Climbe at .. , speeds 10\1/" than
1pHd.1 lower Ihanl""
the best rate..,t..,Umh.peed
be.1 rate-of-climb .lLould be
speed should be
or o.hort duration
of short du •• II" .. toIO improve o.. gin. cooling.
lmprovI engine coollllll.
CRUISE
CRU ISE
lo performed between
1emt,tnl
Nnnn .. cruising is
Normal perform.-t
bel\l/ •• 55% and 75% n!\Ml, ond
~% power.
po\l/or. The
Th.ona::1no
engine
AI'M and
RPM corre.pondlngluel
ood corresponding conaumpUnn for
fuel consumption lo . various
vo.!ouo altitudes
.. ltltud"" can
can be
be
dri.nnllled by
determined ua lng your Cessna
by using l'o\l/.r Computer
Co.. n .. Power Compute r or
nr the
\"-d !n Section
.... in
data So<:tlon~
5..
NOTE
NOTE
- CrulBlnc should
Cruising
a
.. total
IOta! of
should be
Dfllll""" .. has
25 hours
don. at
be done
Tbe data
The d.... in Secllon 5& shows
ID Section tncrM.Md. range
lI>e increased
ab ..... the .anltl and Impl'OV'Od fuel
&Od improved f\Lol
economy that
economy lI>a, is
lo obtainable
obl&ln.&llie when opereUnl at lower
_11.0 operating I...... power et
pow\tl' settings.
.... ThLI
The r1n&'II.
u .. of
use Jower power
01 lower powar settings u..
....U01tI and the selection
aelectloo of erut ..altitude
01 cruise altttud.oo
on the
tbe basis
ho$iI
01 the
of !be most
moli favorable
' .."".&111. wind
orInd conditions
_diti ..... are
aA significant
.,"'trlc.... "..,..,
factors... that
th ..t should
.boull! be
be
considered
""".ld.nd on
on every
""T)' trip
trlp to
IO reduce
radUOl fuel
1\101 consumption.
conaump,lon,
1l July
JuJ.y 1979
IlrnI 4-15
~~
ALT,nwe
ALTITUDE
Sea Level
~-
4000 Feet
~M
1hol'OWU
75%
KTAS
100
'00
103
'"
POWER
-- --
NMPG
,~
16.4
".
17.0
~
65%
KTAS
"M
94
"
97
POW~R
66" POWER
,,. "M
NMPG
17.8
,~
18.4
"
55% POWER
66'
KTAS
87
89
M
l'OWER
NMPG
-~
...
",
19.3
19.8 n
11.1 ,u N'
~-
8000 Feet
'"
107 17.6 100
'00 18.9 91
" 20.4
S...-.,Condo.-
Standard Conditions ~w~
Zero Wind
l''Ip... 4-3.
Figure 4·3 Cruise
erul .. Performance
PerlOmlll-DCe Table
'!'be
The erul""
Cruise PerlormaM&
Performance TalI11. ti", ... 4-3,
Table, figure 4-3. eho ..elh.
shows the true al ... peed and
Inle airspeed &Dd
naulleal miles per gallon
nautical mUo. Calloll durill.
during "rulM
cruise for various
varlo .. a altltu<lll.
altitudes anel pereelll
and percent
po"' ..... This
powers. Thls table ehou ld be
should u_ as
boI used u a pl<111.
guide, a"'lIl1' u.. available
wllh the
along with avallabl.
wlnda
winds alolt Il1fo ......1Ion. to
aloft information, le atennl
determine u.. most
... the II10el favorable
fa'Oo... blol allÌlu<lll o.a<I
altitude and
po",.r
power Mlllnll'
setting for Ci"'''
for.a given trip.
Irlp.
To """h ..... the
achieve lb. nco.nru ...cIe<Ilo
recommended mature fuel o-ont
.... mixture
lean .. mptlo.. figures
consumption tI~ ......
Mbo .. n in SoocU"D
shown Section 5 lbe mixture
5,. the ml:ltu ... ebould
should be le.nocI. tmtlleng1ne
bo leaned RPMpealu
until engine RPM peaks
.od
and drupa2ti-50RPM.
drops 25-50 RPM. At Allower po ... e .. it
lower powers m.ybe
11 may be " - ""ry to
necessary tho
eorlohe" the
Ic enrichen
Ol"'IU'"
mixture .lIl"hlly
slightly to obtain .moolb
\O ob\.Ain operadoll.
smooth operation.
eCarburetor
.. r bu ... tor ice, as o'O!denoed
1011. U evidenced by an unexplained
unexplalne<l drop in In RPM,
RPM. ,,&li
can be
.e .. lO'Ooxl by "ppUc"tlon
removed application 01 of tull
full ".rl>u ... lc. heat.
carburetor h... L Upon regaining
",c.. lnlnc III.
the
orlilnaJ.
original ItPM RPM (wlth
(with heatIl ... t olI).
off), u .. the
use II•• minimum
m.nlmu", ..amount
"'ounlol h ..1 (by trial
of heat l11al LIId
and
erro.
error)) IO to pre vlnI ice
prevent ICI from 'armj n~. S,ncoo
'",m forming. Since lha h .."'d aair
the heated l. ccauses
....... a .lch ••
richer
mhrt .. re ...
mixture, adj .. sllb.
readjust mi .. ! .......
the mixture 111011 when
setting wbiO carburetor be",
~&rb""'lOr heat is i8 to ullOd
\O be used
conllnllowoly
continuously in cruise fllabL
l .. cruiH flight. _
Th~ u ... at
The use of tull
full o"rburolcr bUlli
carburetor heat is reoomme .. ded dduring
recommended mr"lln
UMe flight in very
be.v)' n.ln
heavy rain IO
to a'Oold the poa:.lblllt)'
avoid thl possibility 01of Ingtne
engine 1I0ppag<l
stoppage dua
due IO
to ex.,. ..!""
excessive
... ate. mll"B1Inn.
water ne
ingestion. The mixture setting abould
mIXIU" Hllinl should be readjualad fo. amooth.1Jl
readjusted for smoothest
operaUon.
operation.
Exhau" e'"
Exhaust gas ... mperalure ((EGT)
temperature shown on u..
EOD Uas abown the optional c."""aCessna
E"""am)'
Economy N!Xlurelndicator
Mixture Indicator may ma)' be .. _ ...
used an "'d
as &II aid tor mbl .. releaDinli
for mixture leaning in m
cruising mpt
Cnll8lns: flight al
at 7lI'!I.
75% ""wer
power or Iless. adjust
.... To Kj .. 11 the ",ixlu
mixture, using
........ aini: this
Indicator, l..." to .atabhab
indicator, lean lbe p"k
establish the peak EOT
EGT . . .a .reference
as .f~NQoe polnl
point o.a<Ilhto
and then
(·16
4-16 11 lul)'
July 11179
1979
MIX1U~E
MIXTURE ~x"",u:rr GAS
EXHAUST tiA5
(l(5(:IIIPTIOH
DESCRIPTION TEWEAIiTUfI(
TEMPERATURE
_o.
II~COMMENot:D
RECOMMENDED LE
(Pilot's
_ _
LEAN
.....
Opor.d"l H&o
Operating
~I
•
Handbook
and Power Computer)
, Il;et. of
~F Rich
25°F 01 Peak
_ [G1
EGT
ECONOMY
BEST lCOHOlolV Peak
_EG1 EGT
Figure
"L(\I",44-4.
.4 EGT
&01' Table
T .. ble
en.l~hOft
enrichen the
Ihe mixture tho. dallAld
mlxIU", by the desired increment
Lac .. me"l based figu .. 4-4.
bued on figure 4_4_
As
A. noted
no," in In this
Ihl& table, operation
lfIblt. o". .. Uo .. "at peak
,",U EGTEOT provides
PI'OV'det the best fuel
Ihc beai
.-:ono
economy.m)'. This ..."lIa in "ppro:r.tm
Thb results .. tel)' 8'iIo
approximately ~e ..le ••
8% greater ange than
range shown in
th .... allo.."
this
thi. handbook accompanied by
b .... dboolr. IlCOOmpanle<l b)' .pproxlm.tel)'
approximately ... a 4 knot decrease in
knm """",aM speed.
In spe.ed.
When etu"'''1
Wbo." cruising Ilat ~
75% or
or Le
less pO"" .
.. power, the mixture
Ihe mlalu may be
.. ""'1
further until the RPM pt'W
leaned UIIILl1be
lurthe. leaMd .. cI t1ropt:!5~
peaks land drops 25-50 RPM.
This I.
ntl.s is "ptoCI
especially applicable IO
.. Uy .ppUcable to "f'O
cross-country Inlnlng
. . -OOUII!.ry training
flights, buI
n1lhta. but ma)' "'IIQ
may also be p'lOll"""
practiced clur1llllran,lUon
during transition nigblll
flights
I1 Jl1ly
July 1m
1979 4·11
4-17
to ond from
\o and I""", the
'be practice
pncUce .. "..
area.
U8 1n~.""
Using .bo""
,....,.,,,,,,,*ndo<l. pr<>eo<l~
the above recommended procedures... o e.n
can p,""vido , ...1 "savings
provide fuel vln,> 01
of
up to
\o 13% when compared to
.. h&" comP'lTed typical training
\o 'ypl.,..' operations o"
l ... lnlnll" opo",'lon. at a Iull
full "'eh
rich
",'x'u ...
mixture. j-i
STAlLS
STALLS
Tho
The .,.n
stall oll<.n.clod,'lo,,,,,,
characteristics are conventional
convenlion.l for n.p" up
the flaps
lor I!w up ond
and n.""
flaps
down condition.
OO,,<lIUOB. Tlte ..11 warning
The .stall wunlni horn horo. produc.
produces ••a o!eody
steady ol",.o.l
signal 5 toIO 10
IO
kDO" before
knots "'*
bolo ... the &01"01
actual ol.O.ll I.....
stall is ."ho<1 ~<t
reached ... mol .. OD
and remains un.ll lbo
on until the .irpl ....
airplane
n l~ h, attitude
flight . .. hudo is changed. s<on
iii chonpd. speeds 10T
Stall ",pOod. various comb'n.lI"
for vaTI""," combinations... or
of n .p
flap
""<tlnll" ond b&nk
setting and bank an'l<!
angle ....
are summaTiZO<lln
summarized in SeellonSection 5.5.
SPINS
[olOnUon.l .pln ..... opprov..J in
In lIIlo
H
Intentional spins are approved this .Irplano
airplane ((see
.... See,lon
Section 2).1Ieloro
2). Before
aattempting
llom!>llnll" to
IO perform
porl"rm OpI no. however,
spins, ""_ver . .. ......1 ltomo
several items obonld
should bo be c ......!uUy
carefully
cono,do ..... to
considered IO .... u'" a
assure 0 .. 14 flight.
safe mrb~ No opino oMnl4 bo
spins should be . ' ' '... p'''' ",Uno",
attempted without
first having
lini hovlng received
reeelvod dual
<tual instruction
1n0'mcli"n inIn both spin o"ITI
botb Opi" entries and opin
... """ spin
"",",vorlH !rom
recoveries from ,a qu olillod instructor
qualified lnol""''''' who
... bo lo
is Ifamiliar
• ..,nl .... wllh
with III.
the oplnspin
ch"." .. ,I"U.. 01
characteristics 'h. c.ano
of the Cessna 152.
1S2.
The c.b'"
Tho cabin .bould bit ol
should be ... n ond
clean and al!
all 100 equipment ((including
.. oqulprnon'
loose lncludln~ <bo
the
microphone) ."",,1<1
m lO""p"""') should be
bo _ d . For
stowed. a ..,10
fI'o, .. solo flight In
in ..nlp'
Mcb aplna
which spins ...
will!lI be
bo
co"duclod.
conducted, the\be <><>pllO",
copilot's ....
seat1 belt
bol' and
ond tnoulder harness .hou'd
shoulder hun.,.o should IIft-,,1'«I.
be secured.
Spins ..
Spln with ""n'p \oo.<llD", or o«~plod
11,1> baggage loadings occupied ehUd
child's seat o'"
....... are not approved.
no' .pp"" .......
Tho
The ....
seat, belts
bollO and
ot>d ohoul<lllr
shoulder bar".
harnesses I>o"ld be
. . . . .should bo odj",,1od
adjusted IO p""vl<lo
to provide
_ 1... ln, dU'ln,
P"'~' restraint
proper during 011 ••"lolpo"'" flight
all anticipated nI,h< ""I><1Ulo .... Howev
conditions. .., Oorll
However, care
""""Id
should be .ken "'"M""
taken <ha' the
to ensure that <h. pilot can .""U~
pllo' oo.n ,. .ch \be
easily reach n,p' oontrol.
the flight controls
'
bIt .
nd produce
aand produ,," maximum
moxtmum ""ntrol ,,..,,,,10.
control travels.
:
~:".:i.~:-~:
I .•
~m;.:.:-:: Ib.1. wb ..... r...lblo. on,n..
It is recommended that, where feasible, entries
high enough altitude Iba' recoveries
that ...,.,voli.. ortIcomplo1od4000
l. At least 1000
ground level. HIDG feet
r.., <>I
of ..
are completed 4000 feet
lm~ 1.,..
altitude loss .should
bould bo
be accomplished at
11ft &CCOmpU.hO<! .,
r.. 'ormol'O
or more .bo>
be ollowod
allowed ror
above..
for 01·
a 1-
4.'8
4-18 lJulyHl?1l
1 July 1979
NOTE
C""'ula'Ia"1kNl should bi
Careful attention ,bould be taken
\&UD to assure that
<O ....... the aileron
tbll\bleU'n>n
control is
ooolrOl ... uual duri",
la neutral &Il phases
during all pb_ of the Ipln since
llIe spin ~
,1""" any
-.lleroll deflection In
aileron detlooliOll U.e din<lllo;a
in the direction ofo! the epln may alw.
\bi spin u..
alter the
.pln OltuloOterlstt... by 1nc
spin characteristics ..... I"'lbe
increasing 'o\allo....
the rotation '" and
rate .... d
cllanl'lng the
changing pll<)lt .ttUu
III. pitch ....
attitude.
l'or the
For pu.".,.. DI
Ib. purpose I ... ,n,ng in
of training ,n spins
oplne and
.nd spin
opi" ,...,.,veri
recoveries, IO 2-turn
... a 1, to 2"um
opln lo.
spin ad_quala .n<!
is adequate should bi
and .huuld be ..
used. \O 221"rIIl.
Md. Up to turns, lIIe apin will
the spin wlll progress
prognou to
IO
lai.ly .apld
a fairly rapid ""n
rate 01
of rotation and •a ,,"p
n;J,allon o.n<;I I\UtUo:W. Application
steep attitude. Appllcallon o!
of recovery
"<:OV"1)'
controls ,,!li
conlrob prompl recoveries
will produce prompt reD<>V(!rles of
nllrom
from 1/4
lH to
IO 1/2 of a turn.
1/201. IUrll.
II 'h
If the••spin
pl" is
l. oo"",,ul<!
continued beyond the IO 3·tum
Ihe 2 to r.ngo .lIOm.
3-turn range, some ohance
change in
character of
cho.caclar nr the apln may be nOlflll.
Llle spin Rotation ral&~
noted. 1101&\lon m.y vary
rates may and
v .........<I IIOme
some
add,Llo .. a! oldnlip
additional sideslip may be bo 1,,11. N.. rma! recoveries
felt. Normal lrom 2uch
,,",,overl. . from such u~nd&d
extended
~pln" m ..y take
spins may \O"a full
I"kn up to \u'u or moN.
lull turn more.
Regardless of how
ltoS'ardlu8 01 bo" many turns
m.ny tu ms the spin 18
Ille apln is held
It.. ld or how It
it is
l, entered,
emerod. the
\he
following l''ICOv.1)'
lollowing technique .hou
recovery 1000bnlque I~ be used:
should "Md,
l.
1. VERITY THAT AIL.ERONS
VERIFY AILERONS ARE NEUTRA!. ANDTHROTTLE
NEUTRAL AND THROTTLE 15
IS
ID!.E POSITION.
IN IDLE POSIT10N .
~.
2. APPLY AND
ANO HOLD
HOL.D P'Ut.L
FULL RlJDDEROPPOSITE
RUDDER OPPOSITE TO THE DIREC
DIREe.
TION OJ> IIOTAT10N.
OF ROTATION.
3. JUST Ali'TIUl
AFTER THB RUDOER REACHES THE STOP.
THE RUDDER MOVE THE
STOP, MOVE
CONTROL WHEE!. WHEEL BRlSK1.Y
BRISKLY FORWARD FAR ENOUGH TO
BREAK THE STAU.. STALL. Full dowu elevator m.)'
down eLov.\Or may bo requlred SI
be required at af\
aft
center
"",II of '''''''\y
... o! gravity loadl"p
loadings \O
to a .. u... opUnllun
assure optimum ~~rles.
recoveries.
4. HOLO
HOLD THESE CONTRO!. CONTROL INPUTS UNTIL UNTI!. ROTATION STOPS.
l''remaru
Premature ... rel."alloa
relaxation 01
of \bi control '''pulii
the """Irol ma)' uWnd
inputs may reeo .. -
extend the recov
5.
3.
.".
ery.
AS ROTATION &TOPS.
STOPS, NEUTRA!.I?E
NEUTRALIZE 'tUDDEI\,
RUDDER, AND
ANO MAKE A
SMOOTII
SMOOTH RKCQVEIIY
RECOVERY P'ROM
FROM TUE
THE RESULT!N(; DIVE.
RESULTING DIVE.
11 July 1l17li
1979 4-19
NOTE
If dleOrle
disorientation pr..:lud.. I.a >'I8Ul.I
..... lio .. precludes visual """'rmt ..., lnn 'II
determination of Ihe
the
dtroelion
direction of ........ tton. the
rotation, symbolic .I<pl.ne
,bit Iyn.bollc airplane tn
in l''''
the turo
turn
coordinator
coonli m.l' be
.... I0< may referred
bo refen IO lor
...d to for lhilo
this InlormaUnn.
information.
Variations
V.daUon. tnin basic o.Il1'Lanl rigging
buie airplane rigglng or In
in weight I.nd ,...Iahl
balance due IO
and balanoe to
,n.I.U." .qulpman\
installed o. """Ilpil
equipment or cockpit o<:<:up&DC:y
occupancy c.n
can ca" .. "m
cause .... n".. tn
differences in ""hA'"
behav
ior,
lor. particularly
panleuiarly In
result in variations
uwnded api"".
in extended spins. TboThese "1ft"f"II,,.,... ....
normal .n~
... differences are norm.l and "'111
will
rolUU In ".rtaUon. in
III the spin ebaraercrbUc'
.ha splll characteristics flnd
and III
in the recovery lengths
\b~ fOCev,ry langth.
for aptnl
lor spins 01
of more
more than
th.n 33 turns.
turni. However, the above recovery
Ho"'ever. lhe .1>0""
rooovcry procedure
pr<J<:'8dure
should .l"'.l'.
$houl" always be used
"end .nd ",m result
and will ,..,sullin Iho mo.l
in the most expedll
expeditious recovery
loul l'OCOve<y
from any spin.
ITom opln .
Inlentlon.l .plnl
Intentional spins with n.. p ••extended
",Ilh flaps " .... <!ed ano
are p"'lIlbH
prohibited, since the
.... slnee IItlll
III.. high
speeds which
.JM&d1 ..... l' <><,<,u.durlng
"'hleh may occur during recovery
recmr.'}' ...are potentially damaging to the
polenll.Uydan"'llnrlolbe
flap/wing structure.
n.pl"""g .lnIel ..... .
LANDING
Norm •• landing
Normal .pp.....,_ can
la.rwttnC approaches CIon be m .... with
bo made _1111 power-on
pOWer..on nr
or power-off po_r-o"
.., speed. or11010
at speeds of 60 KI AS with
70 KIAS
to 70 n.»I up ... noi
••Il> flaps up, and M
55 10M KIAS with
to 65 KIAS n.PIIcio ......
wllll flaps down.
Suri. . . .winds
Surface . inclo. and
.nd air
.1. turbulence
turbul.""" are
.... usually
u.".Il)" the pl"1m.ry factors
th. primary 'acto.. in
In
determining
<I<Il<!nnlnlng the mOlli comfortable
Ibl most e<unlortahltl approach speeds.
o.pproac:b IpndI.
Actual lOuehdowlI
AClual touchdown should
.bould be
be made
",ade with power-off
power·off end wUb
and on the main on lbu m.ln
wheels first.
wheels Tbe nose
fi ..l. The sho"l" be
wh~1 should
ROM wheel htllowered.
lowered 5"'00Ibl)"
smoothly to u
lbe runway as
t.o the ,unw.y
speed
spee<l is
ta diminished.
"tmlnlahed.
SHORT
SHORT HELD
H ELD LANDING
LANDING
"
u.
l'o ... ohon
For a short field
Il.ld landing In .moolbalr
landlng in smooth air conditions,
""ndIUon •• make an
an approach at m.k. ""p"'&l'h .'
54 KIAS with
!14 KIAS .. \lb 30°
30" flaps ".i"lJ enough
na"" using I n""!th powerpowlr to IO control the 1I1Id&
conll'Clllb, glide path. Ali.. ,
palb. After
"pp",..,h obstacles
.LI approach
all ab.,...,I •• are cleared, prog ....... lveJy reduce
cl .......". progressively pow~r and
reduo:-. power ...,d
maintain
m.ln'.io 54 M KIAS
KIAS by by lowering
lo ..... ri.t:tll" the
tbu nose rJrpl ... ~. Touchdown
of the airplane.
""",,, ottbco Toucb<lown should
aho"l"
mad. with
bo made
be w"h power-off
po",.,-olf and lUld on Oli the
lhc main
m..tn wheels f1~ Immediately
",b"lo first. Immedi_ty after 1M.
touchdown,
IOUclldowu. lower the nose
lowerth, IIOM_hMIwheel and .... d apply
.. pply heavy
he.YJ' braking
bnllinS" as required.
,""utnd. For
Fo.
moxtmum brake
maximum bralla effectiveness,
ef1ee&lve ........ retract
re.,...,1 the!han .."". hold
flaps, hold full no_up elevator,
full nose-up .lev.to••
and
• nd apply
..pply maximum
m ..!dmum brake
Il....10:. pressure
l' ....." ... without
"lIhoul sliding the
1IIdlll,'II ••tires.
i .....
SlIlfhtly higher
Slightly
conditions.
coodltlon •.
hlah. . approach
. pproac:lI speeds
1 - "•• ho"ld be
should Wl"" under turbulent
bo used .urbul.M air un"', .t. —
CROGSWIND
CROSSWINO LANDING
LANO iN G
Whan landing
When l.n"lnl in Itron~ crosswind,
In a• strong ol"ÒSswlnd. use
w;e the mlnlmum flap
lbe minimum n.p setting
•• utng
,.»
4-20 1L July 1m
July 1979
required
<eqUI ...... for the 1
lo. "'. field IOD~b . Use
.. ld length. a wing
U..... low, crab, or
IDl"low.ol"&b.o • •a ...,mb",."oD
combination method
"'"""'"
of ~"'ft
CI drift OO..-.e"<>D.n<!
correction and land!&Dd in 118&'~ level
ID.a nearly Iovol."''''''".
attitude.
LANDING
BALKED LANDING
In •a balked
In
_uoecl
reduced '"to 3D"
...dlnK ~·
ballooclllanding
immediately .ne.
20° lmm..u..IoLy
... oun<!l ,,11mb.
(go-around)
full ""
after full
lIMo ..
climb, the
..... is
power
wing Il.,,..
lnl< flap setting
111 applied.
1IIn1I should
opplied. Upon
obou.ld be
1>0
....cbID, a
U""D reaching
safe all"&P"d
1011 airspeed,. "'"
the D.po
flaps lshould
bould be olo",ly
slowly retracted
... 11"0010<1 to
'" the
"'o full up position.
"""ltIon.
COLO
COLD WEATHER QPERATIQN
OPERATION
P ..... '"
Prior to ow-t \o, ..
starting l'" temperatures
with Iompo,alu",o bol.,..
below l,ORIni". ilIo
freezing, it o.<!v\ ...ble to
is advisable IO
l'ull ..... propen
pull the propeller ... through
'101"<>01110 .. vel"&' 11m
several .. by hand
times h.nd to
'" ··h 100M" or
...... loose"
"break
··Umbe
"limber" ..•• .....
the oll. thu. 00"
oil, thus ...... '''11 battery
conserving ba""'Y o"O'a:Y.
energy.
NOTE
Wbon pollini"
When pulling "'" propeno, .hrougb
the propeller b&Dd.lI"o.,lIuU
by hand,
through by treat it as if
the 11"'"0"
"'o ignition aw'Ioh
switch isLa 'urnod
turned OD.
on. A loou
loose o
or.. broken llround
broko" ground
wl .... 0<>
wire on .1 .... ' mop.'"
either magneto ""old
could oao .. "'.
cause the 0"111"0
engine to lo fire.
Il .....
J>uMOI IO Ir""
Preheat is ..... lly ~u
generally l ...... "with
required ilio o"lSl""
outside 01
air........ p" ... 'u...,. below
temperatures belo ..
·,e'
-18°Cc (O'FI and III
(0°F) &Dd is ,...,.,mmo"dOd
recommended .. ho" temperatures
when IOmperOlur •••are ro. below -7°C·.,..C 13D"P).
(20°F).
Cn'd
Cold ... .'h ... o!&rlloll
weather pn><>edur. . .
starting procedures are as loLlowo
ro. •• follows:
WlIh P ... h • • ~
With Preheat:
-- on·
OFF..
••
1. IglIlUon SSwitch
Ignition w lloh··
••
2.
3.
Tbrolllo··
Throttle -- CLOSED.
MI .. u ... ·--· IDLE
Mixture IDLEClIT·OPF".
CUT-OFF.
•'.
4. ParlllnK
Parking a ... k . ·--· SET.
Brake
5. Pnme
Prime •. to 4 STROKES &3
-- !2 '" ,bo propeller
as the propoLl ... is
lo bel"l" tumo<! cv",
being turned over by
h.nd. RECHAROE ,,,
hand. RECHARGE for pr"lm'''1" alto
.. priming after "gln • .un.
...engine start.
- CouUaD
Caution obauld
should be oood lo
be used
NOTE
to en.ur.
ensure "'" br_keo.,..
the brakes are ...
set c. o
or a
'10ourlod
qualified perso"
person I.
is Il .100 "",,'rolo.
at the controls.
6. Mlxlu""
Mixture -, RICH.
?7. Throttle -- OPEN 1/2 lO
ThrnlU.·· to 3/
3/44 INCH.
INCll.
8.
8. ?topo""'
Propeller Area -- CLE
A ....... AR.
CLEAR.
1I J"IJ'
July 1!mI
1979 4-21
tu8wl"'b ,.
n
D.
9. M ...
Master Switch -- ON.
lO.
10. linlUo"
Ignition Swltcb" BTART ((release
Switch -- START .. I..... when
wbon oortno
engine $ustarts).
..... )
l!.
11. hi",.
Prime ,--. AS
AB REQURIED
RF.QUIIIEO until th. onil."
~n,11 the engine ",no
runs om",,'bly
smoothly.
l~.
12. TIl",,,1.,,
Throttle -- AOJUST
ADJUST forto< 1200
1000 to
IO 1'lOO
1500 RPM lo. approximately one
for ~pprnl[!ma"'!l'
miop", .flo,
minute .ohlcll.no
after which RPM C""
the RPM can be Iow.n>d to
bo lowered '000 0<
IO 1000 l .....
or less.
13.
13.
14.
14.
OH
Oil P .... u'"" "-- CHECK.
Pressure
Primer
Pdmor"-- LOCK.
LOCK, n
Wlt.bou'P rehea1:
Without Preheat: —
Tho
uoop'
except th
the
p""""."
The procedure 10r
••
for ....
n)l"i no ohould
engine
wl"'"", preheat
rtlni without
starting
should ,,",primo<!
be primed ab
pro"'''' is
an oddl"<>1Ial
1.1),
additional two
the.... m....
same
'''''' .'",ko.
as .ollb p,..,b.a,
with preheat
wb,l. pulling
strokes while pull'nl"
propeller through by hand.
the prop"'llertb~
,ne ba"". Ca,bureto, h ....should
Carburetor heat hould ""' oppllO(! ..
be applied te, the
after 'h. —
oort""
engine ... ,..... Leave
starts. lAav. "'.
the c",bul"Ot.>r h •• , 00
carburetor heat Un'" ,the
on until ....engine
O!Jln. runs smoothly.
nluomO<lthly
NOTE
11 'hO On)l"1nO
If the engine 11 ... but does
fires _ . 00' aI.rt or continue
not start eon,ln~. ru,,")"I<.
running,
''')><l''
repeat 111.
the ,bavo
above ...
starting procodu, olHl
rtl"1I procedure lllnnln~ with
beginning step 6.
wlth .'epe.
If "'.
l' the e"!Jl""
engine _ does not start during "'.
"'" our<d.clnl the first
n ... , few
la ....attempts,
t ... mpts. or
o,
if ong1n.
,1 ' '"i"1I"
engine firing d,rn\!".hM
diminishes tn in .tr&n!Jlb.
strength, iti'10 is possible
po>uibl.'ha' that
the "po,k
spark p1uCO
plugs "'00
have boon frosted 0VtI,.
been lroatad over, In in which case
.. hle" ....
p,..,hea, must
preheat mu", bebo.se<! bIIlo ....
used before no'''or star<
another start 1. is a"omptod.
attempted.
Durin,
During e<>ld
cold .... "' •• operAnon
weather operations,•. no Ind,,,,,,ion
indication will wlll be
bo oPP."''''o.
apparent on the,""
oil ..
oi1 temperature
cold. Alte,
cald.
' 'CO
m.,.'''~'''' gage p,IO.
After "a suitable
prior to
ni,.bl. warm-up
,""""a
IO takeoff if
period (~
",arm,,,p t>t,",0<1
outside
ti ou .. ,de air
(2 IO
01. temperatures are very
tempo",'""", ......
to 5 minutes
m,nu'u a' at 1000
very
.000 RPM),
RPIoI) •
accelerate
.....,.1 "'" .n
...... the ... ~. several
engine leverai times IO bl.~OT
tim •• to higher .nrtn.
engine RPM.
RPIoi. If the ~n
"the engine
... n.
accelerates
""".1 smoothly an~
....... amoo""y and oli p"''''''"
oil pressure remains normal .od
,..,moin. no,m,,) and ....
steady, the
"'y. 'h.
airplane 1.
"1'1'1."" is ready
",.dl' for
lo' takeoff.
takooa.
When ope
Whon operating
... 'h', in temperatures
In .. mp"''''"'''' below
belo", -18°C, avoid using
"S'C. avold ".In&" partial
portl.1
carburo"', b .... Parti,,)
carburetor heat. Partial Il ..., mal'
heat may 'ne ..... th.
increase carburetor air '''''')><l'''u",
the c-"",,,,,",,, temperature
IO the
to "'" O' lo Il'C
0° to 21°C rango
range,. where I<lo&" lo
""b .... icing is c,IU.,,1
critical una.,
under con","
certain .'mOOphOr!e
atmospheric
condhlon ..
conditions.
We, a.
W,. as pilots, can ~nlOn"ro'"
pUota. ca" our con"",o
demonstrate 00' concern (", ."v"onnIonUI
for environmental
imp<o'... rn.n,. ~y
improvement, by appliOAtlon
application 01
of the 1011o"'lol."~
,ho following suggested
.. d procedures, and
pn><:e<!UTOa. """
, .•
thereby
'''e«by tend
4-22
I.od to
IO buUd pu~"e .upponlo.
build public support for avl.,lo,,:
aviation:
r
- CESSNA SECTION 4~
MODEL
MOln:L 152
I~ NORMAL
NORMAI.. PROCEDURES
l'fIOCEDURES
I.
1. PU""" operating
Pilots Ope •• ' I", aircraft
all'<)l'att under VI'n over
\ln<le. VFR OvtlT outdoor
ouldooor ....... mbU .. of
assemblies or
""'11(1"'. ....., ...
- persons, recreational
areas
........ •should
the
Ula surface,
Uon.. l and
ho.,l" make
&ul1"" .. weather
ma.,y be
may
&nel park
mali. every
pari< areas,
_<h • • permitting,
boI consistent
....... and
aver)' effort
Iflon to
alici other
IO fly
tly not
even though
IM""IUI"II".......
oo"ai.oWII' with
wilb the
Iba provisions
provi,lonl or
<lUI •• noise-sensitive
"," less
lUUb""
1110",,11 flight
..a1 __ ..n.,Li" •
than 2000
2000 feet
""" above
at a lower level
OIabl.lalo",erlevel
~pl •• Ion ...
1O".......,ent regulations.
of government
abo".
2.
2. During
0"'1011" departure
d ..,,_ .... from or
Il'OlII or approach
.pp~b to a"
IO an airport,
alrpon. climb
cllmh after
r.tI<Ir
I<eoll ..
takeoff andnel cSe.oenl lo. landing
descent for I...,din .. ehould m&do so
boI made
should be 110 ... .., avoid
as to a ... old
prolon~ flight
prolonged mlll ••at1 low altitude near
lo. altltu&o oear noise-sensitive areas..
nol_· ... naiUvtI .......
NOTE
T~
The .bo
above
.... recommended proo;oedute' <lo
noeommondod procedures BOt .ppl),
do not apply where
wlle ..
u...
y would
they ooDnlcl with
_Ld conflict .. lUi Air
AI. T ...fli<> Conlrol
Traffic Control cln • .."..... or
clearances
instructions,
lnalnlc!.lollL or where,
.. I>c! .... in
In the
III. pilot's
pllor. judgment, an altltudoo
Judpenl. An altitude
01 le ... t.b
of less than.... 2000 ree< is
tooO feet l. necessary
nee ....... ry 'or hlm to
for him ad.q ... t.L)'
lo adequately
eexercise
•• ..,IM his duty to
III. dIII)' see and
IO .... &/Id avoid other ai",
avold Olbu aircraft.
..11.
TIuI
The c.rtlftcaled noi . . level
certificated noise 1.....1 lor Il•• Model
for the M_11M! 152 .Ilero poU.. dM maximum
at 1670 pounds muimum
.... we'lhI '"
weight is M.a
64.8 dstA).
dB(A). No dalUnUn.Uoo
determination has 11 .... been
_ .. made
m~ by the Ihe Federal
Federai
AviaUo.il AdrninIatraUOIl1h
Aviation Administration .. , the
that Ula noise
1101... levels
La ... allol ibis oUrpl"".
of this ~orshould
airplane are or should
be &CCoOp!.ab\o
acceptable Ot un_plabl, for
or unacceptable lo. Open.UOll
operation al. into, o'
at, 1n1O. or out of,
of. &Il)' alrpon..
any airport.
1 J,,1y
July 1979 4-23/(4-24 bi
4-:/3/(4'2'1 blank)
.... )
u For Flight Training Reference Only
CESSNA 5
SECTION S
MODEL
MOOEL 152 PERFORMANCE
PERFORMANCE
SECTION 5
5
PERFORMANCE
TABLE OF CQNTENTS
TABlE CONTENTS
IntroducI;"" __ . _ . • .
Introduction
'-,.,
Page
5-3
Use
Ute of
01 Performance eh
Charts
.......
,.,
5-j
"
Sample
Sunplfl Problem
ProI;>lem .
Takeoff
TalIeo"
Cruise
Yu.lllMJulnod
Fuel Required
Landl "lf
Landing .. _
Oem",,_U·"i.t!d Operating
Demonstrated Opoor"liag Temperature
T.mpooralure
•
..,.,,."
5-3
5-4
'"
5-!>
!I- ~
5-5
5-7
5-7
Figure 5·1. Airspeed
f'i(fUre 5-1,
Figure
Y1gure 5-3,
Figure
~·Igu ... 5-4,
Figure
AinP<l<ld Calibration
5·2. Temperature
n(fUre 5-2,
C.. hb . .. Uon
S.aU Sp<ted.
~-3 . Stall Speeds
s ..... Takeoff
Conyon!on Chart
T""'peralure Conversion
11 July
JIII)' 1979
18'79 5-1/(5-2 blank)
INTRODUCTION
p ..for", ... ot data
Performance ~h~ o,,!ho
dlllll charts lollowlnl pages
on the following p.1rM An p......,,,\e'd 80
are presented Ih.~
so that
yo
you......
may y Imow
know whatwhlll '" upoc\ from
to expect fTom the
II>, 1li."1,.,,, u"IIe. various
airplane under ".rlone oondltlo"s.
conditions,
and .180.
also, '"
to facilitate the planning
f..,lllllll.e !h, or flights
plllnnlnl of in d'lall
fill"".11I detail ."d
and with reasonable
wllh ... uoo"bl,
accuracy. Th,
AOO\lrM\)'
with the
",IlII
The data in the e"".".
d"la 11I1lI.
airplane o.od
lhA all'plan. and ""81
charts has
engine
" ... been
In lJood
... in
_II computed
eomp"llMI from
good co",lllio"
condition &Dd
fTom actual
_u.1 flight
... l.D.K average
and using
"".\5
nlgt\l tests
o.veBll" piloting
piLoting
techniques.
_Il"[qu ...
It
It slIould be noted
should be _ Ula''''.
that pettorm.""" 11110rm.UolI
the performance preMnled in
information presented 111 the
the
..... p and endurance
range
Ih • •
end .. rance
peclfllM1 cruise
profile
power. Fuel
enol.. power.
o".""
p ....ft1. charts allows
.[[ow. for 45
Fu.1 flow
n .... date
4!1 minutes
minute .......
lor cruise
" ....1... is
I"Y.
reserve fuel
le based
_
a,
fU.l at
u..
"" the
the specified data for on
racomm ... _ lean
recommended te... mixture
n.blllA setting.
... utnl'.
Bo.... indeterminate
Some "ari.bl.....
iAdele""!".'" variables such
wuch ...
as
-
mbtu,.. leaning
mixture wctutlq .....
1.... 1"1( technique, 11.101
fuel metering ebr.r_rlflle•.•
... elerial' characteristics, ''l'\ne and
engine &Od
prv~lIor cond.llion
propeller condition,. ,,<><I
and airal. turbulence "'.7 _
lu.bul.""" may n t for variations
account .. "rl",IO'" of
01 10%
109b
moro in
or more
or range
In .... ..,d ...
" and d ......."". Therefore,
endurance. n..rofOA. itIt is Imponanl to
Il important IO utilize
,,1m ... all
All
.""1I,,bI8 information
available WonnaUon to "tlm"" the
IO estimate th. fuel
tuel required
re.qU;rwI for u.. particular
'o. the panlCUlar
flight.
file h \..
USE
USE OF PERFORMANCE CHARTS
P~rlo.m.nC9 data
Performance d"ta is p.innle<! in
ili presented In tabular
!.ab.. l•• oror graphical
Ilraphi".1 form IO illus
lo"" to lllus·
trate Ihe effect
trate the effOOI ofor different "arl.bles. Sufficiently
dlffe"'''1 variables. Sullielently detailed
dellliled information
Info.matl"" is t..
provldod in
provided ln the
II>. tables
labl" so
"" that
IhM conservative .. " I"el can
"""M.vali"e values o.n be
bo selected IUld used
SOlocted and ... ed
_ to
lo determine
do"'nn! ... the
the particular perlonn"n"" figure
p •• U""l. r performance li", .. with reuoMblo accuracy.
wlth reasonable """,u."cy.
SAMPLE PROBLEM
Tbe following
The tollowlnl( sample
.ampie flight
ml'hI problem ulll!ze~ information
p .... bl.m utilizes Inform"tio" from
from the u..
v .... iou. charts
various ch."'. to dolermi". the
\O determine \be predicted
prtd1cted performance
performa.nce data Iyplco.!
for a typical
d.llIlor.
mllh~ The following information is known:
flight. Imo.,,:
n.loUO ..1nlllnfonn.llolll.
AIRPLANE
AIRPLANE CONFIGURATION
CONP'IOURATION
Tateon _,I>I
Takeoff weight Pound8
lelO Pounds
1610
Usable
U""",[e fuel
fu.1 24.5 Oallone
14 . ~ Gallons
TAKEOFF
TAKEOFF CONDITIONS
CONOITIONS
pNflwro altitude
Plold pressure
Field alt\ludt' IfIOO Feet
1500 P_I
Temperature
Temper" ture 28°
28"CC (16°C abon
( lS"C above standard)
&ta.n4atd)
Wind
Wl"" component
oompo ...... ' along
aloIIe runway
.........,. 12 Knot
12 K"", Headwind
HncI",1nd
Field &'111
P'te141length
....
"""~
3500 Feet
1I July
July 1979
1m 5-3
TAKEOFF
The ,.keofl
takeoff dl ... n,," obut.
distance chart, Il,,,,.
figure ~·t. obauld
5-4, bo con.ulta<!.
should be _plnJ in
consulted, keeping lo'
mlod Ut.,
mind Uto dloa.>"
that the distances .. oho","
shown U<o are based
_ on the
Ut. oho ... field
short flold technique.
_nn;qu ..
Con""rv .. ,lvo dla
Conservative .... n ... c~
distances can bo
be ... ' . blla hod by ",.dlng
established reading tho
the cha .... .at' .bo
chart n.,"
the next
hlgller valuo 01
higher value of aU!tud
altitude•• nd temperature.
and toM"" ..... U..... For
1'<>< eumple.
example, In Ut •• particular
in this portlou' o,
"""ple
sample problom.
problem, tMthe wc .. " dl
takeoff .. on.,. .nformatton
distance lo, ..a pressure
p,... nted for
information presented p ..... u ...
•altitude
lt ltu~o 01
of 0000
2000 le"
feet ,,"d
and ..
a ton, poro 'u .... 01
temperature of :IO"'C
30°C oboald bo used
should be aood ......
and '.oal"
results in In
Ut.lollo"", ",,,
the following:
_ ..... t
Ground roll
GrouDd 980 Feet
Total d'''.''.,.
To'" distance teto ~l
clear
•• r •a &0-'00'
50-foot oW'""I
obstacle
. 1820_.
1820 Feet
n
The
These... dl, ' arn:a .no
distances are w oll wltblo
well within 'ho
the "voll.h .. takeoff
available tak..,rI field
I .. ,d length. H<>wov·
10"S'h. Howev
.r
er,.•a oo,n ••"lon lo,
correction 'ho ori"".
for the effect 01 wlnd may
of wind be made
m.~ be m&do based
_ On No ... 3 01110
on Note of the•
... kooff ono
takeoff chart...... Th.
The e<l'nICt\on lo,.a 12
correction for 13 kno. heodwlnd is:
knot headwind ilo:
12 Knots
9 Knots
.,.,.
10% = ':l'lIo
13% o.. "'....
Decrease
■
Total dJo""",
TOI&! distance te
to clear a
01 ..... ' ..
Dee,
~Ioot
50-foot obo""';
.... In
Decrease in te
•• ..,rn
obstacle,
..1 dio'
total
(1820 feet
zero ..
...".
distance
, ... .x \a%)
13%)
lnd
wind 1820
237
n
Corrected toI&J
Cor.-..:te<\ d',,,,,,,,....,i.
total distance
.... :11)·1_
te <:l
to clear 5G-foot "b •
obstacle 1:-83
1583 F ... ,
Feet
,.,
5-4 1 July 1979
CRUIS
CRUISEE
The enH.'nl"
no o""ud. aMuld
cruising altitude should "" be ", _ based
selected _ oro" on a ec""d.r.lI""
consideration o, of
trlp
trip lo "gtb, winds
length, ... I"do .10"
aloft,.....
and d ,.".
the ''l'l'I.DO·
airplane's o performance.
po-rlo,moo"". A typical
.ypleo' e", 10;011
cruising
oll1'udo and t~
altitude oad the ~ ~ wind
expected
•• wln~ 00<00"
enroute h"" Ji~.n for
","Il given
have been .hl. sample
lor this oample
,.
proble",. How.~."
problem. However, Uto the IK"'"
power .. \llnli' selection
setting ...1..,Uoo for
lo, ecruise
... l.. must
mua' "" be <1<110'_
deter
mlMd _
mined based on .. ~.,al ~1<leraU<>n
several considerations. •. Th
These Inelud. the
... include III. ertll
cruise porlor-
.. perfor
m."""
mance eh .. "",leri.,l.. presented
characteristics pr...."..., in lo figure
fil"ra &_7.
5-7, the ""ne. profile
!.h. range prom. ehanchart
p""",n,",,- In
presented in fil"'"
figure a-II. r.nd,.".
5-8, and the eodun"OII pr<>lIIe oba
endurance profile chart.. presented
p", ... nl<ld in
l" figure
Ilgu'"
5-9.
Th
The. .relationship
oh".
profll. chart. COn.,d
""'w".
. I.. .,on.hlp between 1K'",.,
power ...
..... bl. '"01
'knp is
d range
and '" illustrated
UlulT.tod byb~ Ut. T1>lp
the range
. . . l"np' ronp
profile Considerable fuel •• ~Ine and
savings d longer range result
_uh .. h ••
when
10"0' IK'''' ' ..
lower power settings uoed. For
'dnp _are used. Fo, ,Ma
this ...mpl. problem,
sample problom ...a o",I".IK''''o,
cruise power of01
'pprox'm.""y
approximately &%..tU bo u_.
65% will be used.
The cruise performance chart, figure 5-7, is entered at 6000 feet altitude
and 20°C above standard temperature. These values most nearly corres
lo
-
pond to the planned altitude and expected temperature conditions. The
engine speed chosen is 2400 RPM, which results in the following:
Po",o,
Power 64%
T .... o.ln"",,
True airspeed 99 Knot.
lI\1 Knots
erul .. ",.,
Cruise no..
fuel flow ~.~ GPH
5.2 OPlI
no IK''''.' "","pUIO'
The power computer may bo nMd le
be used to d.tonnln. power and fuel
determine P"W0' tuoI e>noump
consump _
tion !nO"
1100 accurately dnrlne
more accuratoly the mehL
during lIto flight.
FUE
FUELl REQUIRED
TIto
The I<>1&IIu&
total fuel "",ul",moM
requirement for lo, 'h.
the m,hl
flight moy may "" e."m.,od using
be estimated ",Ine thetho
performance
porlonn information
..... lnlo"", .""" in 'n figures 5-6 and
Ilgu .... 5--tI 5-7. For
""d ti-7. Por this
thlo •sample
..."pl. problem,
problom.
"1JII"
figure 6-3
5-6 oho".
shows lIt that
o, •a eli
climb
DI b from
Irom 2000 Ifeet... to 6000 feet
I<> eooo requires
foel 'oqn l "'. 11 gallon of
~,,1.I00 or
I~ol. The corre
fuel. Tb. 'lK'~dlni di.'
corresponding distance during the
....,. dnrlog climb lo
tho cllmb is 9
D nautical
ooulleol mU miles.
••.
Tho
These.. vo.l ... o &re
values lo, •a standard
are for ""'poo..
OIondan:l temperature 'u ... (U shown on 1It.
(as .bO"'B ollmb ohan)
the climb chart)
.nd
and ...
are oul1lclonUy
sufficiently """ ....... 10'
accurate for mo.'
most flight planDlni purposes.
flleh. planning Il''.... v.r.
purpo""" However,
oa lunlte,
further ""......,1100
correction lor for .h.
the ofIoo'
effect 01of tempero,"",
temperature may bo be m ..... o.
made as no_
noted on
the o
"'.
'ne
climb
11mb ob
increase
temperature,
'.mpo'
chart.
...... "'.
ut. Tho
the "mo.
due IO
•• n .... dn.
.PP"" ~'m .... .noc,
The approximate
time, luol.
fuel, &Dd
to 1It.
and dW....,.
the lower
effect 01
of •a non-standard
distance by 10')1,
lo .. u rate
,.to 01
Bon_o. ""d.n:I ..
10% lo,
of ",1mb.
for •each
climb. In this
.bov.
temperature
mpe ..... u'" is
1000C above OI""d.",
..,b 10°C
case, assuming
thio ........
l. to
standard
urnlni •a
I<>
'_pe,.'uro 16°C
temperature above otand''''.lho
,e' c obov. standard, the OO""","OD
correction would woold be:bo<
l1 Jnly 1!1n
July 1979
••
5-5
With
WIlh this
Ihl. factor
faclO. included,
inc1ndod. the
lhe fuel
fuei estimate would be ctoIculatod
e~[male _nld calculated ..
as follows:
fOllo",.,
hellO
Fuel
Increase
,,11mb ••
to climb,
In .. ~ due
dII. to
tandard temperature
standard lem~ralnre
IO non-standard
nOIl·atand ud temperature
Iemp"'Telnre
,.
1.0
(1.0
(1.0·x 16%)
l"') OJL
1
Co."",,1e<I fuel
Corrected 1....1 to
IO climb
c l1mb , 1.2 Gallons
Using
Umnl'
",il...
miles.
a similar
. imil ... procedure
p........:ln ... for
for the
a.e distance to ..
di.",noe l<> climb
11mb results in 10
rMlllIOI In IO nautical
nantlcal
-
The resultant cruise distance is:
Tol&! di,1ADCI
Total distance 265
~
Climb
C1irnb distance -10
'"
dl.lance
CrulH distance
Cruise dleance 255 Nautical
2M Miles
Nautlcal NHee
Wllh
With an _>; pec_ 10
.." expected IO knot !\u.dw;n<:. \he
il"o' headwind, the ground -v-d
«""und speed for eroI ... 18
cruise is
predIC_ to
predicted IO be:
be:
.".
99
-10
89 Knots
Kno",
~ Nautical
255
BlI
N" .. Uc ..1 Miles
Knoll
89 Knots
Milo ••= 22.9U Hours
.
H .....
o
-n
The fuel ... qulred for
fUe' required lor cruise io;
crui.. is:
The
hou...* 52
2.9 hours
2.9 5.2 ,e!lon,. bour '= I~.
gallons/hour 15.1I Oallone
Gallons -r
IOlel ulunal«l
TIIe total
The Inel required
estimated fuel requlred is
Il ..
as followe:
follows:
n
""lal
Total 1...1 required
fuel reqolred i1.i
17.1 Oellona
Gallons
LANDING
LANOING
A procedure
A pn><*lur$ s1mUu IO takeoff
similar to IalltoOtl should
lIhould be UM for
bo used for .. Um.&tl.ag the
estimating u..
l.an<ll.ac&
d.lS1.&o>00 at
landing distance u..
cluU".t1o:a airport.
&I the destination airpol'\. Figure
l'I", ... 5-10
$-10 presents
p ....... nta 1...d.l1I1I:
landing
clWI.&DOU lo. various
distances for vuiou&airpol1.llItuoSe Iempenru ... oomblnat1o".
... cI temperature
airport altitude and combinations usingn.I"1l
!be short
the tleld technique.
.11011 field toobnlque. The
n.e distances
d'...." ...... corresponding
oo"""poncli ne to
lo 2000
1l1OOO feet
le<d and 30°C
3O"C
ue al
are follo ... e:
as follows:
Orouod
Ground roll 535 Feet
To1.aI dlllt&Jl
Total distance IO clear
... to cl. .. .a SOoloot _Ude
50-foot obstacle 1300 Feet
A correction
00 .......11011 for
fo. the
lbe ef1eot
effect 01
of wlod ma, be
wind may be made based
_ 00 Note 2I oofl lbe
on Note the
landing
I:tu>dirlr chart
eh.It.l1 using the
usinI' III ....... p~u"' ...
same procedure as OtIl11ned
outlined 101"
for tal<eoff.
takeoff.
l1 July 1m
1979 5-7
AIRSPEED
AIRSPE ED CALIBRATION
CALIBRATION
ctlf'lDlTIONS
CONDITIONS:
_
Power Iot _
required for
~ I\ltfn ""
level flight or _ ........ '"""
maximum RI'M d,,",.
rated RPM dive.
,~~
FLAPS UP
"
• " '"'" ,,, '"
,,~
KIAS ~
40 ~
50 ~
60 ~
70 ~
80 90
~ 100
,~ 110 120
,~ 130
,~ 140
,~
,~
KCAS
•
46 U
53 ~
60 569 n
78 88 97 107 117 127 136
,~
FLAPS 10°
HAPSlo"
... . .. . . . . . .
"M
KIAS ~
40
•
50 ~
60 ~
70 ~
80
•
• • ..
· ..
· ..
"
,~ ~
,~".
KCAS ~
44
" "
52 61 70 80 CM
FLAPS 30°
,,~
KIAS ~
40
~
• "•
50
•• "•
60 ~
70 80 PR ·.
. . . . . . . . . . .. · ..
"
,~ 61 82 07
KCAS 43
"
51 71
P'!F're
Figure $
5-1.
- L. A!r.peed Callbrallon
Airspeed Calibration
n
n
n
n
5-8 I1 Jull'
July 111'19
1979
TEMPERATURE
TEMPERATURE CONVERSION
CONVERSION CHART
CHART
- 120
100
80
(30
, 40
i
• 20
-20
-40 e
-40 -20 0 20 40
DEGREES - CELSIUS
l1 Jul)'
July une
1979
STALL SPEEDS
CONDITIONS:
Power Off
NO"IU,
, _ _...
NOTES:
1.
2.
_ _.....,--. .................
.. ___ .. _,10)_ _ .... ,.;.. _"".
Altitude loss during a stall recovery may be as much as 160 feet.
~ ,A!i_
2. KIAS values are approximate and are based or airspeed calibration data with power off.
MOST REARWARD
REARWARO CENTER
CENTER OF GRAVITY
AN<llEO'
.'
ANGLE OF a.N~
BANK
WE'GIIT
WEIGHT
W
LBS
M
FLAP
O€flEcr'ON
DEFLECTION
". . . .
•
0°
".
• • • • .. •
KIAS ~
KCAS
"
KIAS
".
30°
~
KCAS
"" KIAS
45°
. ~
KCAS .KIAS
'.9
~
60°
KCAS
....
1670
~
UP
••
10°
36
•
36 ....
46
43
39
• • "
39 .. " •
.. ..
49
46
43
43
55
51
51
51
65
61
".
30°
"
31 41
" • " • • •
33 44 37 49 44 58
WE'OHT
WEIGHT .~.
FLAP
• . ..'
• • " " • . ".
CO,
LBS DEniCTIOH
DEFLECTION
0° " .
30° 45° ~
60°
....
1670
~
UP
10°
40
• • " • •
40
48
46
43
43
52
49
48
. .. ..
.. .. .. ..
48
57
55
57
57
68
65
".
30°
• " • •
35 43 38 46 42 51 49 61
... P
Figure 5-3. Stall Speeds
5-10 1 J~ly
1 July 1979
1!1?9
WIND COMPQNENTS
WIND COMPONENTS
.,,,
NOTE:
..........
Maximum '" _OVltl<1<t_ - ... lo
demonstrated crosswind velocity 12 _""
is 12 ..
knots !_. nm.,,_1
(not a limitation).
•••
o
<
•
••~
o
,•
<
•
z
2
LJJ
~
8
c
u
oQ
•
•
Z
i
o
•i
,•"
5 10 15 20 25 30
Figure $·4
Fl"". 5-4. Wllld
Wind Compontnts
Components
20 AprIll\lSI
2(1 April 1982 5-10A (S- IOB BLAHK)
(5-10B BLANK)
-
-
I I [
-
TAKEOFF DISTANCE
ra
CONDITIONS: SHORT FIELD
i
ct:SSNA
Flaps 10°
'July '8'7\1
Full Throttle Prior to Brake Release
,",OOJ;;L t!j2
to
NOTES:
1. Short field technique as specified in Section 4.
2. Prior to takeoff from fields above 3000 feet elevation, the mixture should be leaned to give maximum RPM in a full throttle,
static runup.
3. Decrease distances 10% for each 9 knots headwind. For operation with tailwinds up to 10 knots, increase distances by 10%
for each 2 knots.
4. For operation on a dry, grass runway, increase distances by 15% of the "ground roll" figure.
1670 50 54 S.L. 640 1190 695 1290 755 1390 810 1495 875 1605
1000 705 1310 765 1420 825 1530 890 1645 960 1770
2000 775 1445 840 1565 910 1690 980 1820 1055 1960
I8
J
n
SECTION 5~
SECTION CESSNA
CESSNA
PERFORMANCE
PERFORMANCE MODEL 152
MODEL 1511
RATE OF
RATE OF CLIMB
CLlMB
-
...
CONDltlOftS
CONDITIONS:
~
Flaps Up
~_.
Full Throttle
IMAXIMUMI
MAXIMUM
n
NOTE.
NOTE:
"'"'!or ............
n
MI,,,, .. leaned
Mixture _ . . . 3000
above 3000 feet for maximum RPM.
"PM.
n
.. -
,"W
PRESS Cll ..
CLIMB a !\AH OF
RATE Df CLIMB
Cl/Me -_ FPM
fPM
MIlO"'
WEIGHT
C" ."
ALT
~"
SPEED
LBS
"' L
FT "M
KIAS
-"'"
-20°C
., '"
0°C
"'" ""
20°C 40°C
--
,,~
1670 S.L.
= "
67
M
.,
'"
835
.ro
765
,ro
670
~
700
600
630
~
••
.,
535
--
2000 66 735
4000
••
65 635
~
535
570
".
475
~
505
415
445
355
~,
6000
8000
ID.IDI
10,000
63
""
62
61
440
~
340
380
285
'"
m
320
m
230
265
~
175
,,~
12,000
•
60
"'
245 'M
190 135
'" '"
85
U
Figure ~II.
l'tp'' 5-5. R.'" of Cl!mb
Rate Climb
'"
5-12
TIME
TIME,, FUEL,
FUEl, AND
ANO OISTANCE
DISTANCE TO ClIMB
CLIMB
|MAXIMUM RATE
IMAXIMUM RATE OF
OF cLiMa
CLIMB]l
CONDlTlQHS,
CONDITIONS:
- ""''''
Flaps Up
~-~
Full Throttle
~l_
Standard ·_
Temperature
NOTES
NOTES:
'.
1. _o..eol.~l1o"oI",",
Add .... _ - . . ...
0.8 of a gallon of fuel for engine start, taxii and
_takeoff I.
_ allowance. _
2.
2. Ni ...... leaned
Mixture __ 3000 feet
above 3000 ....................
for maximum RPM. R....
3.
3. Increase ti
.....- ..... fuel
time, "'"' and
.... distance
_ bi' lo< -
10lI0 for
by 10% " 10°C
each IO"(; above
_standard
__ .......
temperature.
..
4. 00-- _
Distances shown ... _
are based "" ..twt.
.... wind.
on zero
.
AlIfE OF FROM SEA
FROM SE .... LEVEL
LtVtL
PIIESSURE
PRESSURE ,,~
CI.l~1
CLIMB RATE
WEIGHT
Wt:1 .. HT TEMP
ALTITUO[
ALTITUDE
~"
SPEED CLIMB
CL''''''
LBS
~,
"
°C
KIAS T'ME
TIME FUELVSEO
FUEL USED
,
O,srANCE
DISTANCE
"
..
"" ""o
FT KIAS FPM
MIN ...... UONS
GALLONS NM
""
1670 Le
"
15 67 ", ,
715 0 o0 o
,
0
•"
S.L.
,-
--"""
1000
2000
3000
"
13
"•
11
,
•
66
66
•
65
675
~
630
~
590
,
,
3
,
1
5
o.,
0.2
O,
0.4
.,"
0.7
,
2
,
5
,
-,--
•
3Si Id % 65
4000
,
7
•
65 ~
550 6 0.9 7
5000
55OC
6000
5
l
3
,
••
64
c
63 .,
o:"
505
4?5
465 ...,I
1
10
8
: .~
1.2
Ii3
,'.'
1.4
•
9
.."
12
-- - ..,
5
• "•5 1,55 13
- 7000
8000
9000
1
,
-1
.,
.,
-3
~
.,
63
.,
62
62
425
'"
380
~
340
13
"
15
18
"
1.7
,.,"
2.0
2.3
,.
14
"
17
"a
21
10,000
10.0lIl
., "
-5 61 ~
300
"a
21 2.6
,. 25
•
11,000
11.0lIl
"....
12,000 ., •"
-7
-9
61
60
~
255
,,,
215
25
•
29
3.0
"
3.4
29
•
34
11 July
July 1979
19?a $ · 13
5-13
CRUISE
CR UI S E PERFORMANCE
PERF ORM ANC E
cQNOITIONS
CONDITIONS:
n
1870_"'"
1670 Pounds
~OCOi" i .""'d t.o.1
Recommended Lean Mixture (See SootIO<\
MI" u.. ISo< Section 4.
4, Cruise)
Ctuiool
NOT
NOTE: E:
Cruise
en.i .. _speeds ...
are """""
shown lo< an .UpI
for an airplane _'~ ",irll
..... equipped with _
speed foitlngo
fairings ""''''' increase the ~
which """- speeds
"" ....,
_o,i",ot"~ two knotL
by approximately knots.
PRESSURE
20°C BELOW
STANDARD FEMP
STANDARD
TEMPERATURE
20°C ABOVE
STANDARD TEMP
n
A I TITI I PlP
ML I M U L/C
ROM
nrlvl
% % %
FT
""
,,~
KTAS KTAS ,,~
GPH GPH KTAS
2400
BHP BHP BHP
""
GPH
2000
.
'.7
"" """
2300 71 97 5.7 66 96 5.4 63 95 5.1
2200 62 92
•••.,
5.1 59 91 4.8 56 90 4.6
4000
2100
2000
2450
~
55
49
,,,"
"" ." ..
87
81
.,
4.5 53
47
75
86
80
103
4.3
3.9
6.1
51
70
85
79
102
4.2
3.8
5.7
-
.. . .. ,..
2400 76 102 6.1 71 101 5.7 67 100
' 00 5.4
." "
~
2300 67 96 5.4 63
"• " .,•• • •" •.,•••••
95 5.1 00
60 95 4.9
••• .." •
2200 00
60 91 4.8 56 00
90 4.6 54 89 4.4
2100 53 86 4.4 51 85 4.2 49 84 4.0
6000 2500
2400
."" '".•
72 101
. . •••
5.8
75
67
•• "" 105
100
'00'" "
"•••• "" "" ..,..,•••
6.1
5.4
71
64
104
99
5.7
5.2
n
." ,.•"
2300 64 96 5.2 00
60 95 4.9 94
••••• • 57 4.7
8000
2100
2000
2550
2500
51
46
76
-
85
80
."." .• . .
105
_
,.
_
4.2
3.8
.
49
45
84
79
4.0
3.7
71
67
u 83
77
106
103
3.9
3.6
5.7
5.4
.. . .
2400 68 '00
100 5.5 64 99 5.2 61 98 4.9
2300
2200
61
55
95
90
•.•••, " ,,,"" ,. " ,,,"" ••••••
5.0
4.5
58
52
94
89
4.7
4.3
55
51
93
87
4.5
4.2
n
10.000
10,000
2100
2500
""• '"."
49
72
84
105
... .
4.1
5.8
..,
48
••• ""..
•• 68
83
103
3.9 46
•••
"'" " " •••••
...5.5 64
103
3.8
5.2
...".." """
2400 65 99 5.3 61 98 5.0 58 97 4.8
n
2300 58 94 4.7 56 93 4.5 53 92 4.4
" ...
2200
2100
53
48
89
83
••
. . ...
4.3
•••
51 88
••'.'... ....•"
4.0 46 82
4.2
.
12,000 2450 65 101 5.3 62 100 5.0 59 99 4.8
2400 62 99 5.0 59 97
••
.. 4.8 56
••, " " "••
96 4.6
"" ...
2300 56 93 4.6 54 92 4.4 52 91 4.3
2200 51
"" 88
••
4.2 49 87 4.1 48 85 4.0
2100 47 82
"
3.9 45 81
" 3.8 44 79 3.7
...
Figure ~·7 .
Figure 5-7. Crul~. P.rlom1l\noo
Cruise Performance
PROFILE
RANGE PROFllE
45 MINUTES RES ER\lE
RESERVE
24.6 GALLONS USASLE
24.5 USABLE FUEL
CONDITIONS:
1670 Pounds
Recommended Lean Mixture for Cruise
Standard Temperature
Zero Wind
1.z. ,...,....-10
NOTES:
NOTES
1. n... ........._10<
This chart allows
_
distance ........
during d
_
.... fuel
for the
_ as
climb
,... used
_ for"" engine
_;"r_5-6
.................
.. shown in figure 5-6.
~...-
start, taxi,
Io! .. _ _ _ _ ,"""",,""" _ _
..... climb, and the
takeoff and d_._ . . .
2. Performance
,ho CNioo _ is shownW _ for ,an _airplane
_ equipped
_ . with speed fairings which increase
the cruise speeds by approximately two knots.
12,000 T~
i 8( ) _^
i 102
c
Sj
y S
K TAQ-
9' in
10,000
A K TAS
■s/
1
i
••• 8000 f
M 07
• K TAS
- •
!
<
6000
i_ M05
KTAS
s
_J
98
.KTAS
30 L79
<TAS1 KTAS
- 4000
LL
O
Q_
cC
Iu
<
2000 -
i
<o
- *
S.L.
i 100
"KTA S"
34
KTAS"
61
a A
II
11 July
July 1979
11179 5-15
RANGE PROFILE
PRQFllE
37.5
45 MINUTES
45 MINUTES RESERVE
RES ERVE
37 .5 GALLONS USABLE
USAB LE FUEL
FUEL n
COND,nQHS,
CONDITIONS: n
--
,~-
1670 Pounds
Recommended
"'" .... _ ~ ..
Lean Mixture
:. ..... for Cruise
lo< 0\01.
-~,--
Standard Temperature
Zero Wind
HOTI:S:
NOTES:
1. TM
1 This .......
chart allows
_ lo< "'"
for the .....
fuel _ '''' engine
used for .......... ..... takeoff
start, taxi, ....... " and
_ dclimb,
...... and
_ the
"'"
do"'" _ •......
_ ...,.,...._1
distance during climb as shown In
~_
, ,__ tMInao_m.-
H.
"" .. 5-6.
in figure
2.
2.
_~_
"'"
the cn.- _
cruise speeds by _0._,"", _. . . . .
Performance is shown for an airplane equipped with speed fairings which increase
by approximately two knots.
n
12,000
94 p80
n
02
KTAS]"KTAS
nV <ta:
<->
10,000
11
n
\,
8000 /I
,,
1X1
M07
-KTAS
i 1 1
LJJ
g 6000
r 105 ■98 lL 179
I -n
KTAS KTAS _KTAS KTAS
5 /
<
4000
1 If
5
cc
u
1
■«
_
-C
a. 1 (
— 5
-
2000
/ c
-i
s
n
I
a u
r "77
_
TA S
8 7TAS" ;ktas
1 /KTAS
S.L.
n
500 550 600 650 700 750
ENDURANCE PROFllE
PROFILE
45 MINUTES RESERVE
24,5 GALLONS USABLE FUEL
24.5
CONDITIONS:
COHOIllONS
1810_
1670 Pounds
P ..... _
Recommended
~ _ ......... ç,...,.
Lean Mixture for Cruise
Standard
~T_",r. Temperature
NOn:
NOTE:
n.;, dIon
This _
chart allows to. ....tuoi used
for the fuel _ "" engine
for _ _ start,
_ ....... "",..II ....
taxi, takeoff and climb, and the .-c...... ...
..... durint cIImb _ _ .. fi9Itt K
time during climb as shown in figure 5-6.
,.
12,000
I
>
10,000
k
(
/
L
I
II
8000
LU 6000 I
|
Q
kf
3
cc
4000
11 [
2000
i
S.L.
3 4 5
(NOURIoNCE·- 1tOU1I$
ENDURANCE HOURS
1I July
luly 1979
1!I7V
Fll\lre 5-9.
Figure 5·9. Endurance
Endll_ Profile
PO'OlUe (Sile«
..,
5-17
n
SECl'ION 5
SECTION o CESSNA
CESSNA
PERFORMANCE
PERFORMANCE MODEL
MOOEL 152
1&2
ENDURANCE PROFILE
ENDURANCE
4 5 MINUTES
45 M INUTE S RESERVE
37. 5 GALLONS
37.5
RES ER VE
G ALLONS USABLE
USABLE FUEL
FUEL n
COfIDlTIONS;
CONDITIONS:
I U Pounds
1670 O_
n
~ Mixture
I!oc " ,. , _ Lean
Recommended MI. ..... for
lo< Cruise
CPuI.
S<>n<Ior<I Temperature
Standard Tomper."' ..
"OH:
NOTE:
This
TIWo chart
....... allows
>l1owo for
' - the ~ used
"" fuel "'"" for
fop engine
....... start,
".". taxi,
la><L takeoff and cl_.
,"ho" ond climb, ond
and the
....
n
time <k>rlnI c.l1~ ..
dmo during climb _
as shown n,.n.
In figure 5-6.
in !>-6 .
12,000
i
j
f
10,000
< n
k
I- 8000
y
n
LU
U.
a 6000
II
i
|
n
c D ccl_
u Jj
n
1 L
< 4000 — l; — <
( r
( (
SI —
nl
<*]
2000
1
|
S.L.
• 7 8
ENDURANCE - HOURS
9 10
n
n
Figure &.11.
ngur. 5-9. Endu
Endurance Profile (Sh
rance Proflle (Sheet
..' l2 011)
of 2)
~·18
5-18 l1 July
July 19"79
1979
Z
-z
z
u
_:I
w
"
LANDING DISTANCE
>- "c
" •"o
" ••
"•
SHORT FIELD
- -'" "
SECTION
~
CONDITIONS:
Flaps 30°
E~5
Power Off
_ PERFORMA.... CE
Maximum Braking
l
!
1&
Paved, Level, Dry Runway
Zero Wind
"~~"W
NOTES:
1. Short field technique as specified in Section 4.
•
•
!
.Ii"
ii
"l
2. Decrease distances 10% for each 9 knots headwind. For operation with tailwinds up to 10 knots, increase
,
distances by 10% for each 2 knots.
"
"i .. !l~
'.
3. For operation on a dry, grass runway, increase distances by 45% of the "ground roll" figure.
"
,,I j~I
"
,; 'l ;"''lI
'" ~ 8 ~ i
.'"
&- - --
W'l
,., '.
;1
~l Il.1
~~
"~ _s
• f
;u~ ~
.~~·~i
i- ii ~";
;1
4. If a landing with flaps up is necessary, increase the approach speed by 7 KIAS and allow for 35% longer
ii
Wll! L ••
.., .. _."
E!i .;.;!l~ &; "~
, l- '1lil!
distances.
,•
•
..
1670 54 S.L. 450 1160 465 1185 485 1215 500 1240 515 1265
•
Cn
__
NN
"'_
I 1000 465 1185 485 1215 500 1240 520 1270 535 1295
...
2000 485 1215 500 1240 520 1270 535 1300 555 1330
"
~
.;;::1::::;:;
3000 500 1240 520 1275 540 1305 560 1335 575 1360
4000 520 1275 540 1305 560 1335 580 1370 600 1400
5000 540 1305 560 1335 580 1370 600 1400 620 1435
ro
o 6000 560 1340 580 1370 605 1410 625 1440 645 1475
... -
7000 585 1375 605 1410 625 1440 650 1480 670 1515
CO
~mnm
S~~'i~S'i~~
~~~8~~:o::o::o:
:!!i:;:?"'~~~'i!il
~_:o::o::o:~~
::~~~_~~:o::!:
"'''<)'''~:!!'''':iI
§!!~n~~~
i:i<~)!l:;!8i:i>l
U~~8)!l:!!::!~
---------
---------
1lI!i!"'<D
.. :;:?'"
..........
!!§!UUI
!!!§!ml
·I!U····
I— 8000 605 1410 630 1450 650 1480 675 1520 695 1555
33.
z
j
5- 19(5-20 BLANK)
Q
CESSNA
MOOEL 152
•
,••
,, •
<
-,
•
-
CESSNA
CESSNA SECTION 86
MODEL
MODEL 152
162 WEIGHT
WE & BALANCEI
!OHT '" BALANCE/
EQUIPMENT L1ST
LIST
SECTION 6
WEIGHT & BALANCEI
BALANCE/
EQUIPMENT LlST
LIST
TABLE
TA8LE OF
QF CONTENTS
CQNTENTS
Introduction
IntToduclio n . . . . • • • • •
'-
Page
. 6·3
6-3
Airplane
Airpla ... Weighing
Weight
W.iplns Procedures
W. '1{1It And
An<l Balance
Prooed" ..... ••6-3
6-6
Equ;plDea! List
Equipment
tlaUU.""
L;~\ •......
•
.6-"13
6-13
11 July
July 1979
1m 6.1 /(8.2 blank)
6-1/(6-2 bl&.l:tkJ
INTRODUCTION
TIII. section
This _I"" desor1bM
describes the p..-..... for
Ula procedure fo. establishing
alJlabUablq the lba basic
b ....1c empty
amplJ'
mOmant or
wel(tbt and moment
weight of the UI. &l'pl ...... Sample
airplane. S_pl. forms
lo.nu are pro~l_ for
&re provided (or
referen .... Procedures
reference. P..-" ... for' .... cale"l.UIl.
calculating the U.a weight IUId moment
.allhl and m01llt1l1 for ~a.rio ...
lo. various
operations
ope are also
•• Uon ...... 1_ provided. oomp ...h~"o list
pl'OYid-"-. A comprehensive Il.1 of
or all
• CeCessna
..". equip .u
equip'
manO .vallable
ment fo. this
available for IbUl .Irpl .... o is
airplane I. included
lDOhKIec1.1 lba back
at the or this
bacli: of ibis section.
"""Ilo<>.
It abould
Il should be noted lb"
ba oo!ed that lpeoltlc
specific information
Inlcnn,"lon regarding
.... U'dIDIUIthe weight,
.... anno
tlhl, arm,
motOe,"
moment &Dd 1D.atallecl equlpment
and installed un for
equipment list I"..lbl. drpl.,.,."""
this airplane nnly be
can only In
ba found in
- lbe approprl~
the appropriate .el,,"
Il 1& the
It is
weight and balance records
tb . .responsibility
. . ponatbUlty olUl.
bal.,.,.,. .....
n:I. carried
pllol to
of the pilot
cani..:! in
ensure
\O ...... N that
u.. airplane.
I.. the
lbal the
airpl .....
UI .... 'pl.... is
airplane 'a loaded
loo.ded
proper!,..
properly.
AIRPLANE
AIAPLANE WEIGHING PROCEDUAES
PROCEDURES
I1.. Prep ....
tIO" :
Preparation:
a. Innate
Inflate ti
tires
..... to reoomm~lIded. operating
\O recommended OP'l,alin&, pressures.
pf'llllWl1te11.
b. Remove
fUmo"e the tba (fuel
...1 tank sump quick-drain
tanli: tump qulck ·dn.lll fittings and fuel
HUlIIIIS end line
fUolllno
drain plug
d.dn plulillO to dn.ln
drain all
.11 fuel.
fU.1.
e.
c. Remo".
Remove oil oll lump
sump dr.LD
drain plugplu, to drain 1111
\O draln all otl.
oil.
d. Move sliding seats to the
Movll slldlllilleats most forward
Ilio molli lonorard position.
"""IUon .
e. Raise
RaI ... flaps
n.p. to the full
\O Iho fully re"ao\ec1 position.
y retracted pa.ltlon .
t.f. Place
PI""".II all oon l rol ,urfaoes
control surfaces In noul.&1 position.
in neutral poRtllan.
2. LoveUnlr.
Leveling:
a.
R. Place ""al
1'\."" scales under
. . und . . .each
",,11 wheel
wllu l (&OlIO(500# mlnlmum
minimum capaci'.)'
capacity for fn.
scales).
""al . . ).
b. D_f!a\Ol nO.~
Deflate Uro .nd/or
nose tire lowo. Or
and/ or lower ,al.o the
or raise Ih. no
nose•• strut
olrullO canlu
to center
- bubble
bubblo on 10".1 level (He(see figure
fl,uro e· 6-1).
I ).
a.3. W.'lIhing:
Weighing:
La. w.lb
With Ilio
the .Irplano
airplane 10".1level and brallubrakes released,
NlLelo.Mld. record the weight we!glH
shown on 0",,11
abown each 10.10.
scale. Deduct
DedUQI the tare, if eny
tbc tare.1f any,.trom
from tr.ch
each reading.
",OI.ding.
4.
4 Measuring:
Me .....!"1r.
La. Oblaln
Obtain m ... u •• ",.nl /I.
measurement A by me . . urlnll I>orl~ntally
measuring horizontally (.lonllll>e
(along the
airplane ""nle.
0.1'1'1.". center lIne)
line) lrom
from •a line stretched bel
lIne .I",teh..:! between the m
.... ..., lI>e main
..!n
wheel ""nlenl<>.
",1>"1 centers to a plumb pluml> bob dmppe<ldropped !lvrn!h.
from the firewall.
n",waU.
II.
b. Obtain m
ObC&.ln ........"'.nI8
measurement B by b)' m ..... rln,; horizontally
measuring bori:oont&lly and paral p • ...t.
I.l to u..
lel I<> the aI",lan.
airplane Unlar Iln •. (rom
center line, from OInlcr
center 01 of "u_
nose ",b_1
wheel &.d axle,
•.
left side, 1<>.
le(lalde. to a plumb bobdroppeo:!
bob dropped lrom from thetb~ lin. bootw .... n \be
line between the main
molO
wheel ""nleN.
wboel centers. Repeat On on r right side end
llllt .ide and aveRlI'
average tbe the me measure
........
menlL
ments.
S5. Using ..
U.lna weights
elahle lrom from luomitem 3 and moas measurements
.. nnnen" fmm from itemltem 4. 4, \be
the
airplane
.Irpl weight and C.O.
.... ",elahl C.G. O""
can ba be de1.ermlned..
determined.
86.. Basic .:mpl)'
I/.a8!Q Empty W.I&,hl
Weight mRy may be detormlnec1
determined by oompleUnli completing fI figure
.... re8.6-1.
1.
l1 JJuly
.. ly limi
1979 6-3
..
P.QUU·);\ENT LIST
EQUIPMENT WST
N l ."
"
N L & R
--,-
Scale Position
-......
Scale Reading ,-
Tare
-Symbol
, --,
Net Weight
~
..--'-_., _'
~-
Left Wheel
Right Wheel
Nose Wheel
............ ....
Sum of Net Weights (As Weighed)
L
,•
R
•
W
X ·= ....
X ARM= (A)-(N)
·(.t.I·I
-•x (B) ;. X
~)."I
W
• =· ,( ",---:--,-')xC',,( --;_"., , I) IN.
IN.
'- ,
Item Weight Iltlo.l
(Lbs.) X
li c.a."m
C.G. Arm Il
(In.)
• .1 = , ,
Moment/1000
(Lbs.-ln.)
Qi~
Add Oil:
No Oil Fil,..
""::. (6 Ott
Filter " Qts ..
at 7.5
1.$ Lbs/Gal) ~011 -14.7 "
" '"
With Oil Filter (7 Qts at 7.5 Lbs/Gal) -14.7
lift.T~
Equipment Changes
~
~
~
00
z
o
o
~
~
~
~
~
00
<
<
W
W
w
SAMPLE WEIGHT AND BALANCE RECORD
l
l
I
·
Continuous History of Changes in Structure or Equipment Affecting Weight and Balance
!
•
u •
,< l
J•
CESS N ~
•
j
•
••
<
<
•
•
AIRPLANE MODEL SERIAL NUMBER PAGE NUMBER
~
,
~
,-
l Ju11' 1979
an
MOOt.:L 1 ~ 2
to
,•• • •
WEIGHT CHANGE
•
< f ! -
RUNNIN G BASIC
-
ITEM NO.
"
~,
••• H
EMPTY V HEIGHT
o
o
•
,
ADDED (+) REMOVED (-)
,
DESCRIPTION
,•
• -
DATE
•o
•<
i ~
•
OF ARTICLE OR MODIFICATION
,, !.
.
g
Wt. Arm Moment Wt. Arm Moment Wt. Moment
.
,, ,.-
- , -,
In Out
-I• ,,• ,
"
~!
.," Il
.-.
- uw l -ì• n
• - li
~
-
Il
- • ,-
(Ib.) /1000
• ,.
(Ib.) (In.) /1000 (Ib.) (In.) /1000
M 0
a;
W!':TGlfT .lo DALANCEI
••
EQUlPMENT 1.1ST
~- en
e
<
:,
•
SECTION 6 CESSNA
WEIGHT & BALANCE/
WEIOHT '" IIA!.ANCE,;/ MODEL 152
k:QU1PMENT LIST
EQUIPMENT UST
WEIGHT
WE IGHT AND
ANO BALANCE
The following
1'he lollo ... hll information
InIOM .. tlO" will enable
.. m ... you .0
IObI" .vOl1 to ope
operate your Ce
.... "" ),OU. Cessna
...""
within ,II ..
.. i!.hl .. the prescribed
preaeribed .. "lrM and
weight .. nd eenter
center of r 01
....vh.v IIml""lIolla.
gravity Ilru.-e
limitations. To figure
'...!ghl.nd
weight l>&I.n"".
u .. the
and balance, use ilio S""'pl. f'rt>bl.m. !.<>Mlnr
Sample Problem, Loading Onph.
Graph, and Center c .......".
01 O .. Mom.,,1
"ity Moment Envelope
of Gravity a. 1011_.:
E"v.lope as follows:
T.ko
Take the
!ho basic
buIe empty
omp'.v weight and moment
wollbllnd ..omf", from appropriate weight IUld
lrom "pprop"at.wo'l!'ht and
balance reoord, carried
ballUlC'e records curie<! in .vou ••
In your Itp:..... &Dd
airplane, IIIcm in
..Il". them
and ,enter !be colwna
lo the column
titled YOUR AIRPLANE
IiUIIICI YOUR AlRI'LANE on !be S
OD the Sample Loadllli Probl,,1Il.
..... ple Loading Problem.
No'n:
NOTE
In
lo addition
addllion to
\O the b1aiclmpty
U.I basic ... II!'M and moment
empty weight mnmenl noted
nOled on
u. .....
these ....,.,rd •. the
records, l1Ie C.G. arm (fu
c.a. arm . . l~ ltallonl
(fuselage l. also
station) is al""
1OI..'w .... but
shown, bu, need noi be
need not u_ on 1111
1M used the S.mple !.oadinl!'
Sample Loading
Problem. Tlle
ProblclIl. The moment
mOm."" which
wh;ch" .hown must be
is shown mu.'
d;vided by
boo divided by
IOOOa.nd
1000 ,lIil value
and this vll..e used
uOlC'd as
•• the
u.o moment/1000
~,om.ntlloooDn u..
loadiDK
on the loading
problem.
probl" ....
U... the
Use Ihe Loading
additi"nal item
additional
!.oadlns Graph
ilom to
G'"ph to
lM carried;
\O be
IO determine
"-tum,nl the
clrr,"": then
thln list
th. moment/1000
III: these
mnmlnt/looo for
Ih ... oonn the
lo r each
Ihe loading
.""h
loading problem.
prnhl .. m. -
NO'TE
NOTE
Loading
LoAdlnr Graph
O •• ph information
Inlor", ..!!on for
for the
'he pilot,
pUOI. passengers
PassenllCrs and
baggage
bariap is
l. based
baud on
on seats
Hai. positioned
poshloned for average
.ver.ie occu
oco,,·
p~n", and
pants .. nd baggage
baH.... loaded
10ad"" in
In the center of
'he oenl4lr baii~
III" baggage
01 the
areas
...... &11 as
U Il,,,_ on
shown on the
Ih. Loading Arra.nge",enl. diagram.
!.o""l~i Arrangements dl", ...m.
"
loadlngR which
~'or loadings
For wh lch may
m.. )' differ IMm these,
~11I. r from .h•••. the
'h. Sample
Slmple
!.oadlng Problem
Loading P",blom lists
Ila'" fuselage
111.81.8'1 stations
.'aUonl for
lor these
'h ... items
i'eml to
'"
indicate u.."
lndl.,.lo their forward
I"rw .. rd and
.nd aft
alt C.G. range
c.a .... n8'" limitation
lim!""'!"n (seat
\ ....,
travel and
travel a.nd baggage
baggag ....... Umilolion). Additional
area limitation). Add!Ucno.l moment
m"ment
calculaUon •. based
calculations, bued on
on the
u.. actual
IoOlual weight
w.'ll:hl and
ond c.a
C.G.... nn
arm
(fuselage
(fu_I.". station)
ola,i",,) of
01 the
III. item
h.m being
bIIin" loaded,
loadod. must be made
muollM made if
jl
III, position
the _h.lo" of01the
!hl load i.
10.<1 is different
dlll~r~">llroLD IlI ..1shown
from that thow<I on
Oli the
!hc
Loading
Lo"di,.. Graph.
Or."b.
Total the weights
TotallM welihlG and
IUld moments/1000
mome"IS/ IOOO and
a.nd plot
,,101 these
.hese values
v.lllM on
on the
Ih.
01 Gravity
~n",r of
Center Ornt1y Moment
Momecl Envelope
Envelope to
IO del4lrml", wh.,M, the
determine whether 111. point
potol falls
lall.
within
wilhln the
Ih. envelope,
""""lopa••and
nd if
Il the
Ih. loading
loadlnr is
l, acceptable.
a.eeep""bie
n
il
6-6 Ju!y 1979
1I July 1919 -
n
For Flight Training Reference Only
CESSN A
CESSNA SECT10N
SECTION 8
6
MODEl.l~
MODEL 152 WE1GHT "& BALANCE/
WEIGHT BALANC1=: /
__ _-_
EQU1PMENT LIST
EQUIPMENT 1.1ST
._
I.
- . _._. . .- . .---"'-'''--''--
..... . ........
.... .....• -- .... _- _-
LOADING ARRANGEMENTS
ARRANGEMENTS
... I
*Pilot or passenger center of gravity on adjustable seats positioned for average occupant.
.__ . . . _.1-
Numbers in parenthesis indicate forward and aft limits of occupant center of gravity range.
,
-_ ......... .... _.. _---
"Arms measured to the center of the areas shown.
.... _ ... e. ... _ .. _ ......... _ .. _"" ..... "".
""'lO
NOTES: 1. The usable fuel C.G. arm for standard tanks is located at station 42.0; the C.G.
,
2.
arm for usable fuel in long range tanks is station 39.5.
"" .. _ _ _ ..'"-_Nl ..... _ ... _ _ ...
The aft baggage wall (approximate station 94} can be used as a convenient interior
reference point for determining the location of baggage area fuselage stations.
su,"'"
STATION
C.G. ARM) "'-
STATION
(C.G.. ....
1<.0 ARM)'
I<. ... " .'"
".-
JL JL
•39
""c."
(33 TO 41) - -Il. ".
,."0"1 -Il.
•39 —
(33 TO 41)
.....,
"64 64 ■
" .• -
"84
94
- AREA 2
.STANDARD SEATING
, ........ 0 .... """
"".-
**84-
•94-
- AREA 2
<TP1t<WA'_H""
OPTIONAL SEATING
l'',cu'''
8-'1.
Figure 6-3. 1.O",,'ng ........ ng.mon ••
Loading Arrangements
8AGGAGE
BAGGAGE LOADING and
A I E-DOWN
TIE-DOWN
ND T
lAG GAGI U
BAGGAGE lA
AREA
MU ' MUM .ALLOWABLE
MAXIMUM "O W ABL< LO"ol
LOADS
..<D •
AREA
I ... ® = Ilo
120 'OU
POUNDS
.. al
..... CD
AREA © <= <o40 .DU
POUNDS
NOI
."01
AREAS 0'
Q + CD© •=120
Ilo POUNDS
MU ND'
1L J"ly
July 19'>9
1979
CCABIN HEIGHT Me
.... SIN HElGHT MEASUREMENTS
.... SUREMENTS
•
--
1i
" ,. 1
FIREWALL^
n
flU""An
----.-- --_.'
-FACE OFf H<lSIIUMIIII
INSTRUMENT PAlln
PANEL
.. ."
56°
......--1
n
n
rACi O lUI
REAR "" ... n or
WALL OF CA 'III
CABIN-
DOOR
DOO R OPENING DIMENSIONS
WIDTH _ "" 101101 _
(TOP)
I WIDTH
"" 101 11
(BOTTOM)
II0nOM )
HEIGHT
HIIGHI
I(FRONT)
fIOIlT )
1011 10111
HEIGHT
I·' ....)
(REAR) • LWR
•
WIDTH
( Wl WINDOW
WIIIDO"" LINE
Il '''
31"
Il'' 33'/4" 31'/2"
111'0 " 31"
* C .... III FLOOR
* CABIN flOOI
CABIN
CABIN WIDTH
WIDTH MEASUREMENTS
MEASUREMENTS
• /1'~1' tlNOS (6)
DO""N RINGS
TIE DOWN (. ,
-
• 27'/2"
*24'/2"
CABIN
CAB1I<
STATIONS
H AIIO NS 0.0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 9094
(C.G.
IC D ARMS)
AlMI) 560
•
..
6-8
Figure 6-5. Internal Cabin Dimensions
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SAMPLE AIRPLANE YOUR AIRPLANE §8
<C
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-
SAMPLE
Moment Moment
CESSNA
al
<C
D
""'-'
"- '"-"
Weight (Ib. -ins. Weight (Ib.-ins.
wo
LOADING PROBLEM
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l Juty H/79
01
~-
.,
IH
Bg
- l'C,-
(lbs.) /1000) (lbs.) /1000)
MODF.I, 1M.
to
-
«
1. Basic Empty Weight (Use the data pertaining to your
n
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"
.,!!
,.
oIl·- ,
o r'
••
,-
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"SoL
fuel and full oil) 1136 34.0
•
•
!." ~ ~
•
2. Usable Fuel (At 6 Lbs./Gal.)
i
•"
•"
H. r
.~
- -<3
Standard Tanks (24.5 Gal. Maximum) 147 6.2
~ ., §
"li
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Long Range Tanks (37.5 Gal. Maximum)
j
.... .::! • -
.. Ii ... "
~~ ~ ,
~_
o:
ì!~ ~ ~
.... ~"ll
! ~
0-
Il!
~
,
Reduced Fuel (As limited by maximum weight) ....
•,
"
~
~
,
3. Pilot and Passenqer (Station 33 to 41) 340 13.3
•,
•
•
,
4. * Baggage - Area 1 (Or passenger on child's seat)
•
•
,"
,-
'"
~
Il
O!§
(Station 50 to 76, 120 Lbs. Max.) 52 3.3
l
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5. * Baggage - Area 2 (Station 76 to 94, 40 Lbs. Max.)
•, l-. •
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•
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, •• •
.-.. f.i:l ! -js- ,", ,•••
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• •
6. RAMP WEIGHT AND MOMENT 1675 56.8
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8. TAKEOFF WEIGHT AND MOMENT £>
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(Subtract Step 7 from Step 6) 1670 56.6
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,
9. Locate this point (1670 at 56.6) on the Center of Gravity Moment Envelope,
H > H
'. ;~
Q!'
".
~€
li
and since this point falls within the envelope, the loading is acceptable. J
,
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* The maximum allowable combined weight capacity for baggage areas 1 and 2 is 120 pounds.
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WI! IGHT '" BALANCEI
EQU IPMENT LlST
,-o
SECTION 6
< •
Figure 6-6. Sample Loading Problem
•,- 'I !, ~
,! •
LOAD MOMENT/1000 (KILOGRAM-MILLIMETERS) H m
0
<"
50 75 100 125 a
I (
0
- 200
o
H
H
SEC'l'JON ~
400 CD
PILOT. PASSENGER AND
FUEL ILONG RANGE TANKS} Ltt- 175 trJ
@ 6«/GAL. [0 72 KG/LITERI
1—I tr1
FUEL (STANDARD TANKS!
816./GAL [0 72 KG/LITERI
EQUlf'MENT LIST
r-H-H-- 150 7R H
BAGGAGE IN AREA ® 1OR O
PASSENGER ON CHILD'S SEAT)
cr
M
120» MAX [51 4 KG MAXI
WE1GHT" HALANCIi:/
ID
: -125 .■■
BAGGAGE IN AREA @ 4CU MAX
118 1 KG MAXI
- 100 1-
37.5 GAL. (141 liters) max:;; X
<3
- 75
- 25
12 I 3 14 I 5
Line representing adjustable seats shows the pilot or passenger center of gravity on adjustable
••
NOTES:
,
seats positioned for an average occupant. Refer to the Loading Arrangements Diagram for
forward and aft limits of occupant C.G. range.
8^
CESSNA
MODEL1~
•
Figure 6-7. Loading Graph
l July 1979
•,•
-
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CESSNA
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LOADED AIRPLANE MOMENT/1000 (KILOGRAM-MILLIMETERS)
!
,
li79
MODEL l~
r800
^700
1500
^675
r 650 lu
1400
E-625
600
1300
-575 &■
Q
UJ ^-550
Q
1200
< r 525 I
O
1!I'f\IW!lO'I ~1 .I.tI~I", J NV'l.w,~ " . "~Ql
1000
30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65
•;
I
•
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LOADED AIRPLANE MOMENT/1000 (POUND-INCHES)
,
;
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>
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• ,•
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Figure 6-8.
, ,,
Center of Gravity Moment Envelope
,,,
, ••
,
l ,
WEIOHT 40 BALANCEI
SECTION 8
EQUIPMENT LIIIT
SI::CTION 6G
SECTION CESSNA
WE!CHT"
WEIGHT BA LANCEI
& BALANCE/ MODEL
MODEL 152
152
UST
EQUIPMENT LIST
EQUIPMENT
r475 mit
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6-12
- 'ho Jo/IowIns
The
.....
following equipment
~ for
available
..,..cI1Ic"~
.... ""_ ..
oqu","",m list
,... this
rhil.if!>Io"".
"P'_In_'
airplane. A
is a comprehensive
h, .........
A _" . _
......
separate equipment
~ Hio.
specific airplane is provided in your aircraft
....... _00_,,1\10>'..
list 01
"'.......... Iioo
, _ , III
of 011
list 01
of kitems
_n. .
Cessna ~
all C-...
.... ''''
equipment
.. Ded linn
installed
, ... following list ,11<1
file. The
~ have a similar order of listing.
list for your airplane
your
_
and ,,,"<pOriIIc
the specific
n... ...
""'~, list ",ov;w.
This equipment provides the
the following information:
IdIowInllnfomo.>lI<wo-
IUI-... ............ I_ ....
!'"'lo-! .......a Id,
prefixed with letter
_lic.'_"""""""",he~
An item number gives the identification
.... hot/o .....
which
number for the item. lodo
identifies .... ....
,,~ the
Each .........
ipoi.c ,
descriptive
number ..
, _ le
grouping
is
......
(exam
ple:
pio; A.
identify
_pI,o ... &" Accessories)
A. Powerplant
..... ~,
_ i l } ' the
Actwoo<oeol ........
equipment as ... "",_od M
a required
_
under which
item,
.......
it is listed.
,d ~item
a standard
..............
s../r..: letters
od. Suffix
.n
or an optional
.... Of _ODN!
""<n
item. Suffix
......
-R
!ouIU.. letters
••• = required
I<t!"_'
lenm are as follows:
~ items k..... of
01 equipment
*'101_,.. Ifor
... IFAA
AA ctmflCMion
certification
·s • "......'" equIpoMnI .......
-S = standard equipment items
-O
-O =- optional ~ items
op< ....... equipment ~"'" ,op/A<1""NfoI"Mlo<
replacing required or standard
.. _ . 4
items
il .....
-A
•11 =. optional equ..,....... ....... ......." ...
"",..,.,..1 equipment items which are lo ><Idi •.,.. to
in addition lO
,."",,«1
required or >I. n<!.I,d "emi
O< standard items
Non
NOTE
If
Il additional f<lUI~''';'
...w,h(>n'] equipment is la be In".I~,
to be installed, it must be done
k mu" _In in
accordance
.«o,d,n," withw,,), the
'ho reference d"",",.
,~Ic","'. drawing, accessory ~il instruc
K<....... , kit "'","""
"""'.01' fM ."",g.,I.
"PO"'~ FAA approval.
tions, or a separate
Un"'" otherwise
Unless ,,,,,,,,.-..d,
......, ..,.. indicated, true values
"Ole .. ,"'" (notl''''' _ th>n~
net change
- •• 1~110l
values) for thetll(, weight
r,ol the
dr. ..........aft of
distances
ces forward"d of
... i", ...
."j .'''' "e "-'"
_,h, and arm are shown. Positive
."pIo~ d."~,,,;
,II(, airplane
ol the ... (~"'
'ho datum.
datum; negative
...... >1, . . arms e
arms are
""""I.-e .......
are distan
.' ..... dò" ....
e
NOIl
NOTE
Asterisks (*) after the item weight and arm indicate complete
assembly installations. Some major components of the assem
bly are listed on the lines immediately following. The summa
tion of these major components does not necessarily equal the
complete assembly installation.
1l July
JuJy 1979
\limI 6-13
•••
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~
~
~
~
~
~
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6·)4
in
~
'ITEM NO
5'1
ARM INS
-•
EQUIPMENT LIST DESCRIPTION REF DRAWING WT LBS
•
u
••
•
••
,••
•
,;"
A. POWERPLANT £ ACCESSORIES
,
SECTION B
•
••
•
O
••
•
•
••,
AOl-R ENGINE, LYCOMING O-235-L2C (INCLUDES 0450371 243.5 -13.2
STARTER, CARBJRETOR, SPARK PLJGS AND
,
ALTERNATOR BRACKETS) tn t"1
,
A"-R FILTER, CARBURETOR AIR C294510-02Cl 0.5 -16.3
EQUIPMENT !..IST
"
,,
409-R ^TFRNATOR, 60 AM', ?3 \I31T (BELT DRIVE) 3 611503-0102 10.7 -27.5
•,, •••
• , ..
A17-R 'TIL COOLER INSTALLATION 0453^71 3.6 -2 4.0* 3S
.. a
1.9 -27.4
TIL COOLER (STEWART WARNER) 3406J OR 8406M
.........
,
··•
,,-"h~
Wr.!GHT" 8ALANCE I
s •
••
•,,
A4 1 - R SPINNER INSTALLATION, PROPELLER 0450 377 2.4* -38.6*
SPINNER DOME C450073-1 0.3 -33.4
AFT BULKHEAD (BACK SIDE OF PRl)P) -38.3
. .. . . • • ..,_
0453372-1 1 .1
"..,0.
.....
"..,......,
.-..........
... """"'
"-, . ""-"
FWO BULKHEAD (FWD SIDE OF PROP) '1450076-1 0.3 -37.4
•,
..
...........
••
Abl-A VACUUM SYSTEM, ENGINE iRIVEN 0413466 2 .8* -5.2
- .
'" .......
... ....
•• , , , , , ,
- - <"-<"
~""...,
....
QU, ....
VACJJM RELIEF VALVE C4B2001-0401 0.5 1.5
"
... _-<>,,
0.5
............
_
" ........ .,..,... "
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.. ... _...., ........... 0
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•
•
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' " ...
"'<'" ...
A73-A VALVF, ENGINE OIL QUIC< DRAIN (NET CHANGE! 1701Olb 0.0
•,
......
----
. .
•
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•
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•
•
•
•
-• ·-~
,
B. LANDING GEAR £ ACCESSORIES
,
,
••
·•,,
•
,
BO1-R-1 WHFEL, BRAKE S TIRE ASSY, 6.00X6 MAIN (2) C163019-0201 40.3* 46.8*
·
WHEEL ASSEMBLY, MCCAULEY (FACH) C163006-3101 7.4 47. 1
"'--
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.........."'
C163332-0111 1.7
-- _-- -.. -_
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.",,,,,,,,
..........
...".,,,
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43.7
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........ w
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--_
TIRE, .+ -PLY BLACKWALL (EACH) C262 303-0101 8.5 47. 1
.........
_
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......
.........
BO1-R-? •IHEELi 3R4KE i Tint ASSY, 6.00X6 MAIN (2) 1241156-iO 37.6* 46.8*
~_
.,- "' "
_...................
~ ~,, ~
~
J...:..!.:..l,.:.~.!.
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,
BRAKE ASSY, CLEVELAND 30-75A (LEFT) C163033-01 11 1.9 43.7 o o
............................
............-
",,,,'
....
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:262023-0102
----.
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CESSNA
MODE!.. 1(12
-
-
CESSNA
CESSNA SECTION
SECTION 6
MODEt. L~
MODEL 152 WEIO & IIAt.ANCE
HT ...
WEIGHT BALANCE//
_
EQUIPMENT WST LIST
.,._ -• . .. ............
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-- ------ --
EQUlPMENT LlST
CD
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... .... ..........
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14.4*
12.5*
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17.0
2.0
18.0
18.0
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17.4
14.7
5.2
17.0
17.2
17.2
18.0
17.6
17.0
20.0
18.6
15.3
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17.6
18.1
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H16-A-1 CESSNA 300 TRANSPONOER 3910127-1 3.6* 18.6*
TRANSCEIVER (RT-359A) 41420-0028 2.7 13.0
ANTENNA 42943-0030 0.1 • 67.0
, •,
H16-A-2 CFSSNA 400 TRANSPONDER (EXPORT USE) 3910128-20
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H22-A CESSNA 3?T NAV/COM, 720 CH COM 1ST UNIT 3913183 8.1* 13.9*
(REQUIRES H34-A TO BE OPERATIONAL)
'
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,
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---
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H?5-A CESSNA 300 NAV/CQM, 720 CH COM 2N0 UNIT 3910183 8.1* 13.9*
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, , •• , ,
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H34-A 3ASIC AVIONICS KII (USED rf ITH 1ST UNIT 3910186 5.3* 60.2*
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C661080-0101
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0401022
040102 3
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3910127
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088-A
G34-A
H22-A
~""""~""""'"''''''''''
064-A
D91-A
E55-A
H34-A
H^7-A
H25-A
~
"'"""'i:;:,,~ "", "." '",.....
'N 1
....
~--
!"" ..;:;~~
~ .....,
.•
ON
RH
_ ~~"~Dm~~~~~~~
RH
O "-
•
,••, •,••, --•,
,••,
H"55-A
H56-A
JO1-A
J04-A
= o
N
o
I July 1979
c-i
CD
- MODEL 152
MODEL 1112 AIRPLANE & SYSTEMS
AIRPLANS '" 8YSTEMS DESCRIPTIONS
D"SCItIPTIONS
- 7
SECTION 7
AIRPLANE & SYSTEMS
DESCRIPTIONS
TABLE OF C O NTENTS
CONTENTS
Page
'"U'Od"eUoa . .
Introduction 7-3
Airframe '"
,.
7-3
'"
Pllehl Controls
Flight Controis
Tl'lm
Trim SyslOm
System
I,,,"rumenl Panel
Instrument Pallel
,.
7-8
,-,
7-8
7-8
Grntlnd
Ground Conlro!
Control 7-9
Wlng f'lap 5yBlam
Wing Flap System "
7-10
7-10
Landing o
!.andlng ..., Syx'-m
Gear System '7-10
· 10
Baggage Compartment
Bal(lI">I Comp ..nmlnt 7-10
7_10
s.. .. l~
Seats ••• 7-11
~-H
Se",
Seat BellSl
Belts And Shoulde< H.rn~ ......
Shoulder Harnesses 7-13
7·13
Seat scn..
S"I\I Belts . ... 7-13
7·13
ShOllld
Shoulder... Harnesses
Hames".. . . . . .. .. 7-13
7·13
Integrated SUI
1"1""410<1 Seat Belt/Shoulder
n"UIShoulder H •• nnee, With
Harnesses Wllb Inertia
lnerlia Reels
R.,.,la '7-14
·14
Entrance Doors And Cabin
CAbl" Windows 7-14
-
I;ntranee Doof1l 7- H
Conlml 1..0<:1.. • • • • .
Control Locks 77-15
15
E"Kj,,~
Engine . . . . •. . .. . 7-15
7·1 ~
ERilnn C"nlmla
Engine Controls ... . 7-15
7·1~
Enlfino 'nSlrUmOnls.
Engine Instruments • . • 7-16
7·16
New
N ..... Engine Break-In
En&1ne Bl'Hk In And Operation
A!Id OperatlOl> 7-17
' _17
l':nl:lne 011
Engine Oil Sysu-m
System 7-17
7_17
Ign!\lon-Starter
Ignition-Starter SyslOm
System 7-18
7_111
Air
Alt Induction System
IndueUon 5ys"'m 7-18
7_111
ExhRu~'
Exhaust Sy."''''
System 7-18
7_ 111
Carbura""
Cooling Sy
Coo11n1l'
An" ".,mlnl
Carburetor And
System
......
Priming Sy."'",
System n,
7-18
7-19
Propeller . . . . 7-19
Fuel Sy.Ie'"
Pue' System 7-19
7- 19
B~e
Brake Sy."'m
System 7-22
,-~
ELec.rlc.J
Electrical Syalem
System
• 7-22
,-~
M-..lOr
Master S_lIel!
Switch 7-22
,-~
Ammollir
Ammeter 7-24
,-~
11 July 18?9
1979 7-1
TABLE
TABLE OF
OF CONTENTS
CONTENTS (Continued)
Alternator
(Continued)
AIt.rn"lOr Control
eonll'Ol Unit
VIII. And
And Low-Voltage Waml ... Light
Low.Volta..,. Warning 1.1eto. . .
....
Page
7-24
7·24
Cll'<'ull Breakers
Circuit BrNk.rs And
And Fuses
P'Us. . . . 7-25
'.~
Oround SlrvI.,. PtuglWc:.p t ~l.
Ground Service Plug Receptacle 7-25
,.~
Lighting S)'I",ml . . . .
WltnlDl Systems 7-25
,.~
Exterior
EX\&rlOT Lighting
Lll11l1nl . . . . . . 7-25
,.~
Interior Ll,h!!n, . . . . . .
In~.lOT Lighting 7-26
,.~
Cabin
Cabin Heating,
H. ..,ng. Ventilating
Vlntllating And o..fro.llng S)'.I.m
An d Defrosting System 7-27
,.~
1'1,,,,,S'.lle
Syo'a'" And
Pitot-Static System And Instruments
In. t.uroon'. 7-27
7·27
Al ..""e<lln<llcalOr
Airspeed Indicator . 7-29
,.~
SI>ee<llndic
Von1eoJ Speed
Vertical .. lOr
Indicator
AI,lmete. . . . . . • . . •
Altimeter ,,,
7-29
'·W
,,,
7-29
Va.euum System
Vacuum Syllem And
And Instruments
InltfUmen'- • 7-29
Attitude IndlcalO.
Atthudt' Indicator 7-31,
7·3
OI . .... UOft.1 Indicator
Directional 1.... ' ....10. 7-31
Suction
SL&ll Warning
Stall
O~
Suc'lo .. Gage
WanU"1 System
SyMem
'"
7-31
,~,
,~,
7-31
Avlo .. lc. Support
Avionics SUppoR Equipment
t:qulpment 7-32
,.~
Com
Com Both
SelKlOr Switches
AudIo Selector
Audio
Cl>m Auto
AulO Audio
BoUl Audio
S .. ltch ••
Audil> Selector
BaI..:IO. SWltch
Audio Selector
Switch
S .. itch
8,,1..,10. Switch •
7-34
,.~
7-34
,.~ n
Coin 7-35
,~
1.lghll Brightness
An"""CI .. IO. Lights
Annunciator An" Tnt
8rillll,neaa And Test Bwitch
Switch 7-35
,.~
SldolOno Operation
Sidetone Opc> ... Uon . . . . 7-35
,.~
MI~rophone· II_H,I"8t&Il.Uons
Microphone-Headset
Oloroh.'lers
SI"!!C Dischargers
Static
Installations
..
,."
7-36
,."
7-36
n
n
,.,
-
7-2 . I1 July
July 11119
1979
o
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MODEL 152 AIRPLANE & SYSTEMS DESCRIPTIONS
••
•
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~
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~
~
INTRODUCTION
~
This section provides description and operation of the airplane and its
·
"5.1:
."
systems. Some equipment described herein is optional and may not be
01 -e."·"
~ -3';
~8~
l,•- H'"
0°-
.2
••
.hi
.'
! ."
1'-
;;~!
~n
• .'
..
,,, "1S.!
&.!! ..
·"
_.,
."
installed in the airplane. Refer to Section 9, Supplements, for details of
, "- .,0
,
" O> _ -
z ",,!l~a
• • •. ~
~
~""1i:l
i;'.!! "5
o i,g.!!§
; -O:"
2S:;.
,!t
8", o
1:~~r
other optional systems and equipment.
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,-; e-,.
et
AIRFRAME
-
.,
.
.~
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-~
=.
lf.2
.. !i
;j-
-~i
~~
~.;
~e
c.~
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"""
....
airplane equipped with tricycle landing gear and designed for general
1!
H
w ~I~
."S
~ ~!~
utility purposes.
1
c-
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items of structure are the front and rear carry-through spars to which the
~.c
wings are attached, a bulkhead and forgings for main landing gear
,,~
attachment at the base of the rear doorposts, and a bulkhead with attaching
oE"E·~
plates at the base of the forward door posts for the lower attachment of the
~lCi, ~-:Il;~-
~~ ~ "
J ~.2J~~
~~t~g
ife,,~.c=
~~l
!~1!~5]
o"";; • ..,
i5==!:,":5;;
~
~c"c1-i
i';:;;~~i8
"'''''6''
wing struts. Four engine mount stringers are also attached to the forward
~~Ej~i~~
~'~§5!~=
"E"St~p~;
ii~~~H~
D""
:";l!" h..,..
The externally braced wings, containing the fuel tanks, are construct
,
.<>
~.i
ed of a front and rear spar with formed sheet metal ribs, doublers, and
.,-
-
~i!
-!a
stringers. The entire structure is covered with aluminum skin. The front
·'e"
tings. The aft spars are equipped with wing-to-fuselage attach fittings, and
"_"".2;;
.!I-5
3Bh1
1
flaps are attached to the trailing edge of the wings. The ailerons are
;"~-~~iio
5-1°'
i
- ·!!"~a;~
metal ribs and "V" type corrugated aluminum skin joined together at the
I~aii~i~~=
!i
trailing edge. The flaps are constructed basically the same as the ailerons,
j~hlH; ~~.!f;":;B""H;
i"~-
.,,~~]_o
Q81-ff ~Hit}~ihi
~ ~~
.~~~I~ .. ~g=~
~ ~·~~"·"i~~i
~ ._~~~.i~ei
.. '~"
<>_
~~·.5iS! ,;!o
~]~~]1~i~~i
3;;B~
with the exception of the balance weights and the addition of a formed sheet
o
t lf _
~13E5i II~~~~
~iio!!-c.51",a!i
jlU~]~] n~rlr;a~l!j.
i'ii';~13] U.!!
.:. 1':
.,
around skin panel, formed leading edge skin and a dorsal. The rudder is
constructed of a formed leading edge skin containing hinge halves, a wrap
11 01 E
around skin panel and ribs, and a formed trailing edge skin with a ground
= _ ~.s.!!
~l?-;;"
adjustable trim tab at its base. The top of the rudder incorporates aleading
et ;;i" ~i;ei:;p .. g.5~3e !in "f;1:h:;f:;;~
,,- - .... ~ .
stiffeners, a wrap-around skin panel, and formed leading edge skins. The
.J
l-t;:.;'';.!! ...;..,~..,,, t;"= !•,
;.::
... ; - -,
n
n
n
n
r
n
n
n
SYSTEM
RUDDER CONTROL SYSTE'"
Figure 7-1.
P'1eure 7_1. Flight Coa
F1.IlIhl Control
U'OI ..... Trim S)'.~""
and Trtm Systems (Sb
(Sheet of 2)
... , 1 ora)
n
.7-4
CESSNA
(;!;Sl!NA 8t:CTION
SECTION 17
MODEL III
MODE!.. 152 AIRPLANE & 8Y~
AIRPLANII. SYSTEMS Or:sCFUrnONI
DESCRIPTIONS
ELEVATOR
ELEVA TOll TRIM CONTJI.OL SYSTEM
Tll.Df CONTROL SYSTIIM
1l July
Jyly 1979
lt7'l 7·
7-
n
n
n
n
n
n
"i.,.. ..
Figure 7-2.
7·2. Instrument
In.tnlmenl Panel
PMel (Sheet
(8b,,",t 1I of
012)
11)
n
,.,
7-6 1 July 1979
-
-
~
<o
o·
o·
"oo
~
CD
,,. ,~~
, .."
CD
1. Turn CoordlnalOr
Coordinator 23. Map Comp~rlment
M.p Compartment
, Airspeed
Alra.peed Indicator "" C.. bin Heat
Hu&< Control
eon.ro]
For Flight Training Reference Only
••
3. Suction Gage
Suc:Uon Gag. ~.
25. Cabin
C .. bl" Air
Alt Control
,.
.."
4.
•• DI,,,,,Uonal Indicator
Directional Indic .. 'or 26. Circuit
Clreult Breakers
Bre&lr.ers
, 5. Attitude
AIUlude Indicator
lndic"lOt 27. Wlng Flap
Wing f'lo.p Swtlcll PoIII!!on
Switch and Position
••
<
,.
••6.7. Airplane
Alrplane Registration
Regi.t'Mion Number
Ve,Ife .. ] Speed Indicator
Vertical Indle ... or 28.
lndk.. tor
Indicator
Mialu .... Control
Mixture Com.w
,•
8.
9.
Altimeter
Allimeter
DigitaI Clock
Digital
29.
30.
'l'hrotlle (With
Throttle (WlIh Friction
M icro phone
Microphone
Frle!!on Lock)
l.<x:k)
i, 10.
" Cou .... Deviation
Course Devi"';on and ILS Glide
Olido
",.
31." ElevAtor 1'rim
Elevator Wh ... t
Trim Control Wheel
,,>
>
, Slope Indicator
Slope lndlc&tor end Position
and Po.ltion Indicator
Indle ... or I—I
a
'l'nnspon<ler
• 11.
"" Transponder 32. Carburetor
Cuburetor Heat
HUI Control
Conlrol
, 12.
13.
AOP Radio
ADF !\adIo
Marker
Marlte, Beacon
Be"""n Indicator
Indicato. Lights
Llgh\a
33.n
".
Eloctrlcal SW;Whu
Electrical
Oil
Switches
"u ....
011 Pressure
P,... Gage
GAgo
~
t-<
>
,
•• " and
Rnd Switches
SwiLche8
34.
35. Dii Temperature
Oil Tempo,a..u", Gage
G~
Z
z
••
K
-.• ".
14.
15.
Nav/Com Radio
Nav/Com Ro.dlo
Audio Control Panel """
36. Clga. Lighter
Cigar Liglt\n EP
•<
""."
Panel 37. In.\cume"l Panel
Instrument Pan.l and
.00 Radio
!\adIo
,•
w
".
18.
l'8.<)hom.""
Tachometer
Economy
Eoonomy Mixture
Mb:lu .... Indicator (EGT)
Indiea lor (EOT) "
38. Left ftight Fuel
QuanU1y Indicators
Quantity Indlct.lors
H
M
•"<
19.
" ADF
ADI" Bearing
Bea""g Indicator
IndlealOr
"
39. Ignillon Switch
Ignition Swllcll
•
Cfi
.,".
00.
20. Addillo n.l Instrument
Additional InBlmmaDI Space
Spa.ce 40. M"" ... r Switch
Master S ... Uch
" O
~
".
21.
~.
22.
L<>w.voll&g<l Warning
Low-Voltage
Ammeter
W. rnlng Light
Llghi 41.
"
42.
Prlmer
Primer
Parking
ParklDI Brake
Br.lle Control
Conlrol •a.
w
'.
~~
88
~
-.1
ZZ
CD -J
"<
n
SECTION 7
SECTION CESSNA
AIItP!.ANI!: '"
AIRPLANE & 8YST&MS
SYSTEMS D ~ SCR I PT I O N S
DESCRIPTIONS 1~
MOD!.:!. 152
MODEL
Exto""IQDO
Extensions ueovo,loblolor<bo ruddorlbn.llo pedals.
are available for the rudder/brake pedalo. They
TbOYOODObl
consist of010a
>"U01<!
rudder
olon.
... pedal
sion, place
rudder pedal
\ho,
that 1It.
_bovo
face, two 'p_n
po<I'" fooo.
the dlp
plOOO 1It.
~al ..,d
clip OD
spacers .M
on the
snap 'bo
and .D.p
the o~te""loa
extension lo
above proc«lur ...
procedures.
is firmly
boIlOm <>I
'bo bottom
la pl~.
rInnly in
t",o OprtDg
and two
of the
spring ollp
'ho u,"noioD
• . To 'n"."
clips.
wtd., the
extension under
over iii.
the top clip OV" the IOp
place. Ta.-.mave
0111>.
top of
<ho extensions,
To remove the
tu_.
install ..,
.b. bottom
an ex,"
exten
bo''''''' of
l'OdoJ. Check
the rudder pedal.
o" te"ol""o. reverse
••
01 the
<bo
Cbr<:k
rovo,... the
.bo
TRIM SYSTEM _
,.,
7-8
'Ju'y'''''''
1 July 1979
~!
•
,•
•~
§~
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ZZ
92
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·0
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MODEL 152 AIRPLANE & SYSTEMS DESCRIPTIONS
,.,
•
E
>
;
,
.
-;
the fuel quantity indicators, cigar lighter, and engine instruments posi
e..,
~..
"e
tioned below the pilot's control wheel. The electrical switches, panel and
~ -
_li!
c_~
:!-~
l
""0
=:"
radio light rheostat knob, ignition and master switches, primer, and
~!I""
parking brake control are located around these instruments. The engine
"j11",
-"
controls, wing flap switch, and cabin air and heat control knobs are to the
~.~
-l
right of the pilot, at the center of the switch and control panel. Directly
..:
below these controls are the elevator trim control wheel, trim position
,,--."
O-l ""~8
.l!]p~
i'i' 3~::~
~i~·5i:il.!:
• ]Jj . ~
.;ni~~H
etaf-<p.H
.- ...
;tJ:!gH",~
g~"
,,;t Et .... ~ .. ~ ~
~ .!!~"
~·"'l'\l<l>'::·
",,-' ~g!l·--"2
sj:"" ~..: ~~-
.~
.. .a g g~ a.-'
."a:!l'SSl! "'il
.. ..,.
",,'
:; ~a·"-'.!-
8d_=
g-~i~~il:!>
extreme right side of the switch and control panel.
.0
·0
.1
il
.. cS" ,.
.,
,~i
."
controls on this panel, refer in this section to the description of the systems
H
".
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00
21.!3:H.:;~~~ ,n~
8 "'~
l!:
e..: ..
.!li!?
to which these items are related.
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~
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~
.' ! "
l
GROUND CONTROL
•
)
~..,
"ti
-,::;
~>.
wheel steering by using the rudder pedals; left rudder pedal to steer left and
....
..- o -!'''
right rudder pedal to steer right. When a rudder pedal is depressed, a
J
"
~ .. -lI ~
i 3 ,!!"
.. ..,
.I <lo:r.
the rudder bars) will turn the nose wheel through an arc of approximately
f!:
~
';~,;S~I.!3
~ E~
<Il
.. ':;:
-e,,§e_"
s ... ·gJ;o'O
"l-
'l""
g;'s.
....
o'i"~
'I:!c;;.
8.5° each side of center. By applying either left or right brake, the degree of
f
8t:3"i!~1
~
"'~.
~i:,,':!ii.,a
- h,,~
.!:ie~eh
e"~"Oll
I-lIH h3
0_
>,
l!:.:a..aOl",
9.!!i!.-5':2..
"-::" 8:10: ..
.. 1""9
~~ =l~h
] ~·d.::: ~
~e"'''"
J
(/
>>>
~
/\
••
~
,,•
•"•
t•
~
n
The
damage to
, minimum
Ihe..-
\O the nose gear could ....
get.. oould
.urulnl radius
minlmum turning
result.
.....11... 01
uIL
BAGGAGECOMPARTMENT
BAGGAGE COMPARTMENT n
The t>a.Kk"ll'
Thc baggage oo."p&J'\lllenl
compartment conll,n
consists 01 of III
the...area from III.
re.. lrom the back DI
of th.
the
pll<M
pilot ....
and d p.aseop."H&lIlO
passenger's seats to the &.Ile .. lkhcll4. ACC9'~
.. blll bbulkhead.
aft cabin Access '" Ih~ ~
to the baggage
7·10
7-10 I1 July \979
1979
-
<:<nnpUl.lnenlll
compartment .... IliO<! from
is gained lrom within
....tllllllille .. Irplaneoabln.
the airplane A baggage
cabin. A ..... nel with
net rraee
.. ilh
sil< tie-down
six <le·down s!r ..pe is
straps I. provided fo • ...,.,rlnr
provldO<! for b....
securing baggage I••
and is sa«e
attached by
tlAe~ed by
,ylna: the
tying III. str .. p. to
straps '" tie-down
Ila-do .. n rings p ....... l"ed in
. Ingo provided In the
tbl airplane.
.Irpl..., • . When
Wb.., loading
laa.dlng
the airplane,
Ihe .. children
Irpl.n • . "III should not
I" ... n 1II0uld nOI be
bi placed
pliICed or Or permitted
po-nnll\ed in l .. the
tbl baggage
ba.gg"l!"
eompanrn.n
compartment, .. unless
unl. .1 •a child's
~IIUd·. seat
_ , is Il installed,
Inl\alle<l. and any
lUlY material
m"\eri&! that
1II.1
might
mlllli bibe hazardous
Il,,,,anlQu. to IO the airplane or
tbe &!.rp1Nl' -"p""'l8 ~uld
o. occupants should not nOI bebe placed
plr.oed
a.nywbere
anywhere in In the .Irpl.n.. For
~ airplane. b&&I,.... •
For baggage area .-.&dlm .... lon •. refer
dimensions, r.t.r"'Sect.ion
to Section 6.
II.
SEATS
The ....
Tl>e seating
Ilnl arrangement
....... nnm.nl consists of two
C<>"8ill8 01 110'0 separate
M~1e adjustable
adlu$\able seats
_1.8 for
tor
'h.
the pilot
....
and
pllo ••
L T~
nd passenger
pal. .npr and, if installed,
I0Il<1. U
pdOl·. and passenger's
1n""UO<!...
p-u ....... er. ".18
~1I1ld.·. seat
a child's _ I in
vaUtoble in
the rear
m !be
In two
cabin
rea' eabIn
!ou ...
area. The pilot's seats .......
are available ",""deslpc:
designs: four-
way &noi
and li,,·way
six-way adjuslable.
adjustable.
- and the
.,,01
handle
The .Ix_w"l"
Thl six-way ."
thl .....
seat1 back
under !be
b .... dle undor
seats
b&ek Inile
the IIIhc>J.rd
may bi
.. " mal'
angle cb&nied.
be moved
movod forward
changed. POlilion
inboard front {)Orne'
corner 01
lorwlrd or aft,
Position ellber
either lui
the se.t
of Ih.
adjusted for
.. ft. a4jUltod
seat by lifting
bol"'m .nd
seat bottom
to. height,
IIftlnr \he
bela:h~
lubul..,.
the tubular
and 81\""
slide the seat
\h ........
to \.bo
\O the de sl.-.cl \XI,ltI
desired position. ne!_
011. Release theth. 1lever
tver &noi check Ih.t
and ~b""k th. "".11.
that the seat is locked in In
plll<le. To r.lse
place. raise O. lO"" Ihe
or lower the ... " .. rotate
seat, th. c.ank
rot.te the loc.ted un
crank located ... the
under \ho
outboard {)Om.r
OUll)o.ard corner 01 of ....
each seat. S
h ..... Seat
. .I back angle 1.lldju.labl.
b""k anSi. is adjustable by rotating ",talinA" "a
le"
lever.. on \h.
the ",LI" IlIbQ,o.rd oome.
rear inboard corner orof ,,,,,b ..,&1.
each seat. To adJulI\
adjust "either
Ither ""'.1 b&<:k.
seat back,
rotate the\h . I.vo
lever••aft
n IDd and Ipply pre.. uro ....
apply pressure linf\!be
against b&<:k untU
the back until II it ,,,,,,,,
stops
movlnlr.
moving; \hell
upria"bl
then rel ...e \he
release
_ilioll by pulling pulUn .. Icnoilord
""I
the lever. The seat back baIok m.y
th ••exposed
may bo
~_ portion
returnecl lo
be returned
portlOD 01
\he
to the
upright position forward OD on the of llul lo....
the lower
...
seat, b...::k
back "&1IIe.
frame. Check
Check th.I!b,
that the ... Ilv •• Il
1 _ lever
release has...... 1"",111 to
returned '" Iits
.. v.";cu
vertical
P'Nlllon.
position. 80th
Both ....
seat1 backs
b&ek... 111 101"
will fold full forward.
lo .... rd.
A cbilel·,
child's .....
seat 1 ilo
is Iv&IJabl,
available lo.for 1II..u.u.1I011
installation Inin !be rear 01
the teer of !be cabin. Tbe
the .,&bln. The
I b&c:k
seat
_ back bis .""".-.cI
secured "'!b"
to the Q&bln sidewalls, IDd
cabin ~_&lJI. the _t
and !be seat beltolA
bottom is".tleChed
attached
to b.....,ke
\O brackets on u..
.. cn floor. T:b..I,
the noor. This ""II,
seat is 1I01I-&dJlUllable.
non-adjustable.
I1 Ju ly lt'l'11
July 1979 7-11
..
"ONO". '""", ...
STANDARD
" "'"
HARNESS
SHOULDER
-
NARROW RELEASE ST
(Pull up when lengthi
harness)
SHOULDER HARNESS
CONNECTING LINK (PILOT'SSEATSHOWN)
l'''OT"' " ... , '''OW,, )
(Snap onto retaining st
-
" .. "" /'"""'011
SEAT BELT/SHOULDER
."
.UN'" """ '.10"•
HARNESS WITH
REEL
INERTIA
-
r
_-
....... __ . . .
SEAT BELT BUCKLE
---
(Non adjustable)
- ...... _--
-----
SEAT BELT/SHOULDER HARNESS
ADJUSTABLE LINK
(Position link just below shoulder
level; pull link and harness down
_~_M
- lumlobo<! for
bo furnished
be
SEAT 8ElTS
BELTS
lor Iba pllo", &od
the pilot's pUHOp'·O ...
and passenger's seat, positions
_"1000 \f if 400h.:'.
desired.
Th
The . .seat o.'
. belts
bollO "ood .. 11b the
used with Ibo pilot's
pil"", _~ seat, P .... OIl"· .....
passenger's ,. and
seat, IUId Ibo
the
ohlld·
child's• ..,.,
seat (H 1..... lIod) .re
(if installed) are .. _Md to fiUlng.
attached fittings 011
on Ib. noo..-rd The
the floorboard.
haJ. o'
buo~" half
buckle 'ho ........
of the seat belt",.
is In""a""
inboard ol ..,h ........
of •each seat and bu ..a I,nd
d has fixed longlh:
length; lhII
the
llnk hall 01
link half of .h.
the boli l. O<>'_rd
belt is and I.
outboard 0JId the adj,,",""l.
is lhII po.rt 01
adjustable part ilio ....
of the l~
belt.
u .. \ho
To use the . ... belts
seat lo, the
bol .. for pilo'·. aod
\h. pilot's and passenger's seats,, "".]t;.,,,
po...oSO,· ...... position \he
the
.. a . .as. doaltod
seat desired,.....
and lIIon lonll""o
,d then lengthen theUI. Ilnk
link haJ!
half 01
of Ib.
the belt .D
bol. .as _ bby-
needed y
Il ..... plog the
grasping 'ho o,de.
sides 01 IhIIllok
of the link .od pulUng agaln
and pulling against•• the
'be belt. In .." and I""k
boli. Insert lock
'he Unk into
boli link
the belt Into the
"'O buckle.
buOklo_ T!gb"'n
Tighten IO. bo" to aU,.ug
the belt by pu'''ngtno'
tttby
snug fit ....
pulling the free
•end
nd Of Ih. boli.
of the belt. Tho
The ...
seat, belt
boell lo,
for III.
the ohild·
child's......
seat (II In,"'l4od) is
(if installed) I. "Nel
used In 'ho
in the
""'0
same ......",..r
manner u Ib. boel
as the belts.. lor Ib. 1',1",'
for the pilot's .....
and d passenger's .. tt_ To "'l
p ..... o".". .seats. . . ..
release
\h. on' belts,
the seat bol ... STuP "'" top o!th.bucklooppo.l1<tIb.Unkaod
grasp the of the buckle opposite the link and pull pulJ upwonL
upward.
SHQU LD ER HARN
SHOULDER ESSES
HARNESSES
- n~. Uld
line
"'.
the bo.m
lo,
o~"" 'd" Hm
Eaen shoulder
Each
and is
i. t<O"'o<!
harness,
.b. child's
oblld '. H.L
.... Iis••
harness
stowed behind
bohiod ••
fold li
.... lold r.nd ,,1_
it and
"ae~t<I to .....
attached
a stowage
place il
a rear
"''' .....sheath
'dOOrpOt'''''''v.
b • .,h abov
it bohi.o.d
.....
lhII oltooth.
behind the sheath. No hom ... i.
harness
1~dOw
doorpost above the window
above the COl>lo
cabin doo<,
door. To .lO"
stow
is ovol!ab"
available
u. ...
-
<",,,,,,,,Un~ on the
ili • •end the harness and narrow release
Snap the
8nap connecting link firmly
Iheconn""Uolllnk nO'ntlyonlOonto the ", .. l~!n~~'"don
<b. retaining stud on the seat boli
'hO .... Ilnk
belt link
hol!, Th.n
half. Then adj"o' I.nlr'h. fl<tmoving
adjust to length. Removing th. ham .... i.
the harness is oocompH.hed
accomplished by
p""!nll' upwan:l
pulling upward <>11 on Ib. n.l'TOw release
the narrow ... loUII .. rap and
strap """'Ing the
removing
r.nd .... "'o harness
home ..
""nno,,"og
connecting link Un~ from
'rom!h. stud OD
the "U<! on theIh .....
seat belt IInk. In
bolO link. an ."'.
I.. "" 'gonoy. the
emergency, 'M
shoulder h
.Muld.." .... n ••• may
harness Inay be bo ... ",.,...o<! by ...
removed 1...101 the
releasing "'o ....
seat boH li", .....
belt first and d
allowing
.110,.. !t>. "'.
the harness, still
ba ....... , •• attached IO
dl .,....,hO<l to III.
the link
llnk half of the .
hall QI!ho seat
.al belt,
bo U. to drop to
IO d'QP
'h
the id, ot
• •side th. Ha'.
of the seat.
I\dj"~'m.nl Qf
Adjustment
ham".. ..,lll
harness will l'''rnI''
permit the
,h.
of the oho.1d.
shoulder, harness is
"'O """"pan<
hm ....
I. ImponanL Il properly
important. A
occupant to lean
pro"""y adjusted
!.,.,...rd
le"" forward on..ugh to sit ""mpletoly
enough IO.H completely
adJ".tod
erect, bUI
.~', but p,,"von,
prevent .. ., ••• Ivo forward
excessive lo""ord movement
mOvOmOn' r.nd
and con....,
contact ... I.h Ob}K1O
with objects
du,inl
during .uddeo
sudden <1«01 ..... <100. Also,
deceleration. Alto. the
u.o pilot
l'Ilo' will
.. III """I
want ",.I .. O<Iom to
the freedom IO .. .ch
reach
- all wolrol
aU ••easily.
controls
Ju'y 1979
1I July 177\1
uUy.
?U
7-l£
INTEGRATED
lNTE G RATED SEAT
SEAT BELT/SHOULDER HARNESSES
8ELTl SHOU LD ER HARNES SES WITH
WlTH
INERTIA
INER TI A REELS
RE ElS
"
In'ft~.. 1ed .....
Integrated bell/abnulM'
seat belt/ h .. m ....1 with
shoulder harnesses .. III> inertia
In.rtlo. reels
...1. "no
are a""I1
availa...
bi. for
ble (o. the
the pilot ... d front
p,l'" and lronl",ll p ......IlIrt'. Th
seat passenger. The....... 1o.1l1.huulda,
seat belt/ ba"' .......
shoulder harnesses
cxleBd IAertl" reels
extend from inertia ..... '-l_!ed ID'bl
located in uppercabiJIaide
the upper cabin sidewall.. IlIJjust
...t aft
o.tloloa.cb
of each
frontl seale. se'" belt
."_'1
cabin door to
Cablll IO attach
attacb points
poln.. outboard of the
OIItbo&rd of lIIe lTon seats. A sepa.ace
separate seat belI
u.d buckle
half and 00""111. 10()&!ed inboard
is located of the
InlMl.rd of ... te. Inlrtlo.
1II",seats. .... ballo
Inertia reels allow .. complete
oompl_
rr-tom of~
freedom m.,.,.m.nl. However,
of body movement. HO,""I'. in ,nlll
the••event
".n,m o. sudden deceleration,
of a LleceII".llon.
1II&,. ... m lock
they will ..ulomo.'i""U,. to
1",,1l automatically prollC' III.
IO protect the """"p ......
occupants.
To use
..... the
lIIe .seat
. ., belt/shoulder
boitllllhov.lder harness,
h&nIItH. position I.lw adi
pOlillon the ..""'bil metal
adjustable ....1&1.
linll. ""
link b.rne. . .
UL<r harness
on the at, about
.t>ou' shoulder
IlLoulde, leve!' tbe liJllI.
level, pull the link a&Ld
and harness
banHIalo
down .... n! ....
downward, and d insert Ihe link
iJI..,n the UMln . ., bel'_le.
III. .seat
in the btl'lens"'''
AdJ ... , belt
belt buckle. Adjust tension
acron \be lap
across the l.p by pul1hll upward
by pulling upwal"d OD shoulder h.me
obe aboulde.
on the .... Removal
harness. Remo"", isb
acoom pllshod by releasing
accomplished releulnl the ili. seat
HaI belt
bel. bucll:le. whleh ..
buckle, which m .Uow
will \be
allow the
lnenl ......
inertia reel1 to plill the
IO pull \bI harness
h.,.,. ... oulbo&",
outboard 01 lIIe ....
of the seat.1.
"
",echa.uJ"",. a.nd
mechanism, and ,"o openahlo
wl"dOw.
an openable window.
TO
To opan ULe doo
open the doors•• from outside
oulllide the lhe.lrplano.
airplane, IIlil1ao Ibe reoouc<l
utilize the recessed door
handle neM
h"odle near the ~ft odle
Ibe aft edge Ol
of ......
each h door.
don •. Grasp the forward
G, .... p 'he edge oIlhe
fOrwMd .,dre of the hand!e
handle
..and
nd pull
pllii Olll TO olose
out. To close O'
or open the Che doors fTom Inslde 'he
from inside the alrplane.
airplane, use the
Ihe
.... ce •• od door
recessed doo. handle
handle and arm rest. ..... C. Both
Uo t ~. ubln
cabin don
doors•••should
hollld be che<;kod
checked for
""""
security. ICy prior
l'Mo . to
'" flight,
nlrhl .• nd should not
and noi be openod
opened Incenllonal1y
intentionally durlnl
during
flIlM.
flight.
N''''
NOTE
n
Aeeldlnca.!
Accidental opening of a cabin
oponln, cabln d"".
door Inin l!I .. hC dUI
flight due '"
to
lmp""",
improper' cl ...lnl' does
closing do.. not
nOI ""n,U' .....a noed
constitute need loto l""d
land the ti".
&1rplan •. Th.
airplane. _ I procedure
The best prllOlCl ..... is
tllO set up u..
to MI the airpl ..". In"
airplane in a
trimmed ""
"',mmld condition at
.. d,"<>...1 aapproximately
pprod ...... ly 8a65 KIAS.
KIAS, momeot&l'·
momentar
Ilio".
Edl
ily shove the
!Il'
Uli don
the
Exit frwn
from \be
•.
door.
the o.lrpl&JIetl
outward ,U,btly.
Ibe door oulwud.
airplane is o.ooompltohed
slightly, &1,d
accomplished by ,.upln,
and fo,"""fully
forcefully d"
grasping lIIe
close
..
the lorwud..,dre
forward edge
-
of!be
of the doo.
door handll
handle and pulling.
pulllIlC. To lock \bI
the .lrplane.
airplane, l""k
lock lIIe right c.aJ>ln
the tip, cabin
door Il'Om
from Ih. In.IM h)'
the inside llfUIIC IIp
by lifting up on the
Ih. l,,,
lever•• n"'T the att
near \b. aft Id", of lIIe
edge of the don •.
door,
dOA'h, Iin .,.,bin
close the left cabin don •• and ...
door, inS the
using Ib, Isn,lloll
ignition kll'.
key, lIx:k
lock \he
the dooT.
door.
7·14
7-14 11 JIII)'
July 11179
1979
Both cabin doors are equipped with openable windows. The windows
are held in the closed position by a detent equipped latch on the lower edge
of the window frame. To open either window, rotate the latch upward. The
windows are equipped with a spring-loaded retaining arm which will help
rotate the window outward, and hold it there. If required, the windows may
be opened at any speed up to 149 KIAS. All other cabin windows are of the
fixed type and cannot be opened. Two additional fixed windows may be
installed in the cabin top.
CONTROl
CONTROL LOCKS
A control lock is provided to lock the aileron and elevator control
surfaces to prevent damage to these systems by wind buffeting while the
airplane is parked. The lock consists of a shaped steel rod with a red metal
flag attached to it. The flag is labeled CONTROL LOCK, REMOVE
BEFORE STARTING ENGINE. To install the control lock, align the hole
in the top of the pilot's control wheel shaft with the hole in the top of the
shaft collar on the instrument panel and insert the rod into the aligned
holes. Installation of the lock will secure the ailerons in a neutral position
and the elevators in a slightly trailing edge down position. Proper
installed over the vertical stabilizer and rudder. The control iD<k
"
installation of the lock will place the red flag over the ignition switch. In
areas where high or gusty winds occur, a control surface lock should be
lock &:Id ony
and any
otbu L,ypoo cl
other type Io<kIng "-vi""
of locking device .hould
should bo l'<lmovO<l prior
be removed prtor to
IO .starting lhe .nIrln
1.Utlog the engine.•.
ENGINE
The airplane is powered by a horizontally-opposed, four-cylinder,
overhead-valve, air-cooled, carbureted engine with a wet sump oil system.
The engine is a Lycoming Model O-235-L2C and is rated at 110 horsepower
at 2550 RPM. Major engine accessories (mounted on the front of the engine)
include a starter, a belt-driven alternator, and an oil cooler. Dual magnetos
are mounted on an accessory drive pad on the rear of the engine. Provi
sions are also made for a vacuum pump and full flow oil filter.
ENGINE CONTROLS
Engine power is controlled by a throttle located on the lower center
portion of the instrument panel. The throttle operates in a conventional
manner; in the full forward position, the throttle is open, and in the full aft
position, it is closed. A friction lock, which is a round knurled disk, is
located at the base of the throttle and is operated by rotating the lock
clockwise to increase friction or counterclockwise to decrease it.
•1 JulJ'
July .979
1979 7 · 1~
7-15
TII4
The
,.
ml ~,", o 000''''''.
mixture
,
m~"n"" ..
control, mounted t>ovo the right corner of the control
above
pedestal, is a red knob with raised points around the circumference and is
••
equipped ■with a lock button in the end of the knob. The rich position is full
forward, and full aft is the idle cut-off position. For small adjustments, the
control may be moved forward by rotating the knob clockwise, and aft by
rotating the knob counterclockwise. For rapid or large adjustments, the
knob may be moved forward or aft by depressing the lock button in the end
of the control, and then positioning the control as desired.
ENGINE INSTRUMENTS
INSTRUMENTS
E .. ,,"~ 01>*
Engine ....110" is
operation I. monitored
mon'","'" by the ,~. following
follo wl .. g instruments:
I.. o.rumo .... , oil
011
ppressure gage,
......",. iati oil ....
.. cII temperature gage,...
"'per.''' .... 110-110 "~ ..
and a tachometer.
_bomo"',. An """DOrnyeconomy
mb,,, .. (EOT)
mixture In~lo .. "'r is
(EGT) indicator I. .. I.., _nn_bio.
also available.
Tho
The DII p ...... u .... g~
oil pressure gage,•. L",,"""
located on 1"0"'11
the left .wll<:h
switch ....
and d 00010""(>1 p.Q"I,lo
control panel, is
opera
operated .... ~yOII p_.u ..... A dI"""
by oil pressure. p ...." .. oillino
direct pressure lrom the
oil line from ULeongUwdellve
engine delivers ..
engine opentlng
oil .at, oOlllno
0,1 pro"",o IO
operating pressure to 'ho
the oLI ~ro .. u ... Ii""t<".
oil pressure gage. Gage m .... kln p
O,..... markings
""ho.Le
indicate that mlQ;muro IdlLnl<
IhL minimum idling ~, ... ou,o I.
pressure 25 l'SI
is 'I:f PSI (re<! IIn.l. the
(red line), Lho normal
norm..J
o~e<aùog
operating rango range io 60 IO
is !IO 90 PSI (,,,_n
to BO (green &/"01.
arc), and mnlm"m p ....,,'" is
maximum pressure II~
l. 115
l'Sllrod
PSI lino),
(red line). —
011 "'mpe""u" ,.
Oil temperature is indl .... od by a golf1'
indicated gage located OD the
l"" ..,"" on Iholon OWII<!t.""
left switch and
control panel.1' ..... 1. n. gage lo
The 11080 is opor .... d by an
operated "" ol.ctrl.o.I·reoio"'noo
electrical-resistance type Lypo
temperature
"''''p'tra'" . noo. which .-.Ivoo
. . .sensor receives "" .... from
power ~Irplane ol
,"'''' the airplane electrical
.. trl.al
BY8"'m.
system. Ol! ",mpera,,, .. II,,,U",o
Oil temperature limitations •• U1I ""rmoJ o""'a'I"'
Lho normal
are the operating range.... h~ (,,""
(green —
aarc)
rei whlob
which I. is 100'1'
100°F (38·(38°C) to 14~'
0) '" 245°F" (118'C)
(118°C),....andd Llto m .. lm"m (r<>d
the maximum lino)
(red line)
whlOh
which is I. 2.,' r (118'0)
245°F(118°C).
TIt.
The ~ngtn
engine-driven m..,nonl •• l ... nome"" I. j""."d nu, .no
... dt1v ... mechanical tachometer is located near the upper
~ppe, —.
-a".' PDrll"n o, 'hO lu,,,,",,,", pan.l. Tn. Ino'",m.nt lo oallb...... In
center portion of the instrument panel. The instrument is calibrated in
i"o",mon," of '00
increments 100 RPM &nd Indio."'. ""'b
and indicates both 'OgID' p",,,,,1)", opoed,
engine and propeller A.D
speed. An
hDar
hour mole'
meter bolo
below.. \.ho
the con",."f
center of 'ho
the "",hom."',
tachometer dio! """,,,,," .Iopa«!
dial records OD"'"
elapsed engine
time in Mu
,,"'. .. &Dd
hours and "'D'ho.
tenths. lInstrument
Do<rumOD' m IDOI ude a normal
ot1<in,o include
markings "" rm.l ."", .."ng
operating
...... go ("Nn
range (green ."'1
arc) of 1Il00 to
of 1900 '" 2f>OO RPM , oM.
2550 RPM, and a rnulmum
maximum ((red "n.)~,l!MO
..... line) of 2550
RPM. TM
IU'M. The upper end of LIt.
ap",", """ ~D arc
the green is "
&/"O lo "stepped" to indicate
...ppfo<I •. '" approximate
Indi .... ap"""Kima ..
Rf'M
RPM ,,,, for ~
75% ""lPnollOw.,
engine power ", at ... (~RPMl
lovol (2350
sea level RPM),, .\'1000 rOe\(UW
at 4000 feet RPM).
(2450 RPM),
and at 1000
alUlo' ,... (~RP:>I).
8000 feet (2550 RPM).
NEW ENGI
ENGINE BREAK-IN AND
NE BAEAK·IN ANO OPERATION
OPEAATION
~ The O",''"''
Tbo ""do"".'"
engine underwent a .....run-in at the
"·'n al factory and lo
1II01..,1o<)'...,d is roody
ready 'or
for ilio
the full
/un
<U.~ of
range "'0. 1\
o, use. It is,
io. however, suggested
howover. o"gg that crulai.l>g
.. IocIIb., cruising J. be ...,.,.,mpll~hod
accomplished ., at •a
rnlDlmu ... 01
minimum of 75%
~ powerpowor until
UDW. a Iota.! of 25 houro
total 01:M b ... ..,.,umuloled
hours has accumulated or 011 oil
co"ou,npllon b .......
consumption has b11l""" Tb/o
stabilized. This .. \11 eno
will ..... propor
ensure proper "".Un,
seating <>I rtngo.
tho rings.
of the
Tbo
The oJrpl .... e I.
airplane is d.lIvo ..... from
delivered l rom 111.
the loeIo'Y
factory ,,'III
with corroo_ prevo"Uve
corrosion preventive
oil
011 in the en~n
In 111. engine... If,
Il. during
dUrlng the
th. first 25 hours,
hrs1 "" oil must
"""r o. 011 mti", be
bO added, tiuse ""<kId.
only
... Qn!y
ov'.Uo" grade
aviation ,r""o .""gM
straight m'no'OI oil conlorml"
mineral 011 conforming.. '" Specification No. MIL-
to S_lIIeoHop MIL_
" ~
L-6082.
ENGINE Oll
OIL SYSTEM
Oil for engine lubrication is supplied from a sump on the bottom of the
engine. The capacity of the engine sump is six quarts (one additional quart
is required if a full flow oil filter is installed). Oil is drawn from the sump
through an oil suction strainer screen into the engine-driven oil pump.
From the pump, oil is routed directly to the oil cooler and returns to the
engine where it passes through the pressure screen, if the engine does not
incorporate a full flow oil filter. If the engine is equipped with a full flow oil
filter, oil passes from the pump to a thermostatically controlled bypass
valve. If the oil is cold, the bypass valve allows the oil to bypass the oil
cooler and flow directly to the filter. If the oil is hot, the bypass valve routes
the oil from the accessory case forward through a flexible hose to the
engine oil cooler mounted on the left forward side of the engine. Returning
to the accessory case, the oil passes through the filter. The filtered oil then
u enters a pressure relief valve which regulates engine oil pressure by
allowing excessive oil to return to the sump, while the balance of the
pressure oil is circulated to various engine parts for lubrication. Residual
oil returns to the sump by gravity flow.
Ali oil
An oiI filler
UIlOr co.ploll
cap/oil dlpo.'l<:k
dipstick is Io<:o'od a,
lo located at 111
the ....... of 'hoonllno
rear 01 the engine <>Il on 1bo
the
nght
right oid •. The
side. Tho flUO(
filler eopl<l!po\1Ok
cap/dipstick 'o is ..,,,,,o"blo
accessible 1II""",b
through &ti an " " " " •• door in
access
the
'he engine cowling.
'''ilno 0010 The ODjjiDO
11"11. Tb. engine .ho"ldshould ,,'"not J.
be oJ>O"'tod
operated O" on less than lo"r
I... \h..., four
qu ..... ot
quarts oil. To minimize
of 011. mlolmlzo loss 10.. aI 011 through
of oil 'hrouih theU.obro.\IIor.1II1 IO five
breather, fill to Il'''''1''0''''
quarts
lor
for ·ormal fiI ..b •• 0/1 III .... three
.... than hours. 'or
III .... bou",. For .extended
" 0"<1<0<1 nl,h'
flight,. 1111 to .I
fill '" l<
quo'"
""""0
refer
normal flights
quarts (dlpotlcl<
of less
indloallo" only). For engine
(dipstick indication
to "'"""on
Section 5 'ilio handbook.
8 of this nondl><><>k.
e"iflno oll ,nod.
oil grade and opocifloa,lono..
specifications,
six
AD oU
An oil qwok ·dnln valve
quick-drain voJvoi.is avo1lobi.
available '"
to ropIOQO'bodnl.
replace the drain plugplu, in
[fi ""'011
the oil
""mp drolD port.
sump drain IUId provides
port, and provI"'" 'Iulckor.
quicker, 01.&1>
cleaner.. drol"'"jj" of the ."g;".
draining 0/\110 engine 011.
oil.
To drain
To ,bo <>11
d .... ln the oil with 'bi.
wltb this valve
up w ~rd ""
voJvoln,'oJlod..
installed, ollp
slip oa hOH
hose over 'the h ond
end 01of 'no
the
voJv. Md
valve pu"," upward
and push on ,bo
the end c/ ,bo volvo
of the until it &<l.poln'"
valve untlllt snaps into 'b.the opcn
open
po."lon. Sprl"ll
position. Spring <llp, wlll hold
clips will bold .bo voJve """n.
the valve Ahor ddraining,
open. After .... i"ln,. uuse
....a
•suitable
ul .. ~I. tool
\001 'o
to an"p 'be vOlve
snap the valve ln'o
into 'ne
the _endO<!
extended «10_)
(closed) po.llion
position and
'"",""vo
remove Ih. the dralo hOH.
drain hose.
1I July 1979
1l17li 7-17
EnglM
Engine Ign"'QtI. I. pro01dod
ignition is provided by two engine-driven m~
" "oenlflne·d'I".n magnetos, and
..o ...... d two
1_
apH~ plug. In
spark plugs in "en
each eyllno .... 'filo
cylinder. <Igh! "''''''''0
The right Il .... 'hO
magneto fires the 10 .... <rl"
lower hI and
right ond
Ulo
the uppo
upper ,~ft .pu
' left spark~ plugs,
plugr.,.no
and the l.ft "'o
left "'.""10 ,n.
Il ... the 10"0'
magneto fires lower 101, """
left and
upPfl" "gM opot'lt
upper right plugo. Normal
spark plugs. Nonnl-I opo.allon
operation l.
is OODdu< .... with
conducted .. ,U. both
bo\h",. gu•.
magne
..,..
tos duo
due IO
to ,n. rnor. compI
the more . ... ~W"Dlo.
complete burning 01
of Ulo ruol·"I, mi
the fuel-air ~ !ut. wlUl
mixture with dual
1..,1lI0D.
ignition.
llf'liliOD
Ignition ....
andd OIarlot
starter opoto.<lon
operation lo
is C(I.Il'roIlod a <91OrY
controlled by O 1.1'....switch
rotary type ",Ik:h
located on lI!o
1"".1«1 the 10ft
left .switch
.. hob ....
and d canlml panel. Th
control panel. The• .... il<:h J.
switch is lobelod
labeled eloolr·
clock
wl". O"".
R. L.,
wise, OFF, R, L, BOTH.
BOTH, &Ddand ST ART_ Tbo_lli"o
START. The engine ."""Id
should be beopetaledon
operated on 110'"
both
mat;n
magnetos..... (60TH position) '~C01"
(BOTH pOOI"QtI.) except for'0. magneto
mago"", ehock._ The R and
checks. 'fii. """ L
pO.ltion • ..,..
positions are lo.
for ohecklng pur-pON-t "nd
checking purposes o", •••• ncy UN
and emergency use only.
only. When the li,•
•switch is ro
w lld. l. ... o..\ to
rotated th. oprlo.·loaded
IO the spring-loaded STAR! p<).iUoo. (wlll!
START position, (with "'" _.<et
the master
switch In
.wll<h \h. ON position),
in the p<>.moo). !b ••starter
the t ...... t ooot.olO'
contactor is lO' onennMd
energized .... andd the
lile
.... wlU orOZlll
rte. will
starter crank !bethe .engine.
" !lino. WII.o Ib. ...
When the Ik:1I is
switch I. released,
",leued. itIl will
,,, illnlOm.U·
automati
cally ....
co.llr return to "'.
,uro IO the BOTH position.
50TH poomon.
H
AIR IINDUCTION
NDUCT10N SYSTEM
The engine air induction system receives ram air through an intake in
the lower portion of the engine cowling. The intake is covered by an air
filter which removes dust and other foreign matter from the induction air.
Airflow passing through the filter enters an airbox. After passing through
the airbox, induction air enters the inlet in the carburetor which is under
the engine, and is then ducted to the engine cylinders through intake
manifold tubes. In the event carburetor ice is encountered or the intake
filter becomes blocked, alternate heated air can be obtained from a shroud
around an exhaust riser through a duct to a valve, in the airbox, operated
by the carburetor heat control on the instrument panel. Heated air from the
shroud is obtained from an unfiltered outside source. Use of full carburetor
heat at full throttle will result in a loss of approximately 150 RPM.
EXHAUST
EXHAU ST SYSTEM
f:xhuot~ .. ltom
Exhaust gas from •each
.ch oyllod
cylinder p......
•• passes through tI .... aassemblies
,-"",ullh riser .. ombllH IO
to •
a
mulne. and tailpipe
muffler ",lIplpO on
On \h. ~nd"",l d . or
the underside Ih • •engine.
of the n~i .... Th. mulfl •• is
The muffler I.
"" .... truo'od wiUl
constructed with a .hroud
shroud &r<>Und llIe oulOide
around the whlch forms
outside which fo.mo .. hoa""1\"
a heating
eham"",
chamber for lor oul>ul'et(l,
carburetor heat .ca <"h!n
h ... , •and b.. t •• al._
cabin heater air.
The
Tn
A NO PRIM
nllin. luqu!
••engine
ING SYSTEM
PRIMING
pp04 with
is equipped ... \ln an U p.d,.<. float-type,
up-draft, n(lO."'YpO. fixed jet <
I! ~ ... l.' ..bU "'0<
carburetor
-
n
moun,od
mounted Oh
ondQoe<!
mlxtu
mixture
'b. bottom ".
on the
enclosed &<oel.,olO.
accelerator pump,
.. oooltol. ~"u.1 i.
control. Fuel
of llIe
the .nline.
pUlllp. ""
is doll~._
engine. Th.
an idle
delivered 'o
The <uburolO.
Idi. cu'·QIf
carburetor is
cut-off mocl",ni
Ib. cubu
to the
mechanism,
lo *,!ulppod
equipped with
.. n .....
and
.. IO, by gravity
carburetor
wUh an
d •a manual
g.nlty flow
manuo.l
now from
fr<Im
-
77-18
-18 1I July 1979
'97'iI ..,
For Flight Training Reference Only "
CESS:>!A
CESSNA SECTION 7
SECTIONl
l~
MODEL 152 iii SYSTEMS DESCRIPTIONS
AIRPLANE &
the fuel
Ib& system. In the
fuol oy."'m. carburetor,
th& Cl.rbtll"&to •• fuel is aIO""
fu.' 'o atomized,
..... proportionally
PTOp<>n!ODolly mixed"" ~ ,,,
with ",
.,Ib
tubo
tubes.
intake
... Ile a".
.. Tho pn>pan'oD "I
The proportion
d.""._
air, and delivered IO
of atom'_
to the
atomized fuel
"Yllnd."
"'. cylinders "'''''uslt
'bo'IO
to .,.I.
through intake
air is """t""" .... ..
controlled,
manifold
," ...b "'",,;101<1
Ilbln hml
within ... by
limits, by
Ib. mlS'b""
the control on u..
mixture eont",,1 the lnonu",.'"
instrument 1>&".1.
panel.
COOUN G SSYSTEM
COOLING YSTEM
Ram air for engine cooling enters through two intake openings in the
front of the engine cowling. The cooling air is directed around the cylinders
and other areas of the engine by baffling, and is then exhausted through an
opening at the bottom aft edge of the cowling. No manual cooling system
"
control is provided.
wlnlM'lzatlo" kit
A winterization Il'' is
,. anllohl.
available lo,
for U.O
the 01'1"0 ••. Details
airplane. Do"'"oolof !hlo klloce
this kit are
pr...,,"'" In
presented in So<UOD
Section 9.
9, 6"PI>I.m."lo.
Supplements.
- PROPELLER
l'ho
The .1."1",,.
airplane I.
is 6Q\I'Pp6<I
equipped ... 1"'.
with a noo-blad .... fixed-pitch,
two-bladed, IIx ... ·pllch, "" .. p'_
one-piece
10'1<'"
forged &I"ml ."m olio)'
aluminum p""""ne< ..
alloy propeller biellio
which is ...odi .... to
anodized '" retard
.... lanl oolTOoIon.
corrosion.
ne
The propeUo,
propeller lo
is 89 Incb ... lin
69 inches .. <11"",01
diameter....
FUEL 5YSTEM
SYSTEM
The o.Irpl...,e
l'h. airplane may
m>.y be equipped wi\b
bo equlPP"" with e,'he,.
either a """".nll".'
standard fuel oyo'.'"
system 0'
or
"'mg '''''p .y... m (...
long range system (see IIi'!'"
figure 7·S). "Y .. emo ""Dal
90th systems
7-6). Both ... 01
consist twovent'"
of two fuol
vented fuel
W>k. (ORO
tanks in M<:h
(one li, wl "l'). oa fuel
each wing), lu o, .h ulolh
shutoff alvo. fuel
valve, f".1 o<n.1 no •. manual
strainer, mM ual prlm ••.
primer,
""d
and .,.,..,,,"''''. Ref•• '"
carburetor. Refer to Il,,,
figure ... 7·~
7-5 forfu.,
lo. fuel qoontlty
quantity d .... for both
data bQ.h .y-... ..
systems.
Fuel flows by gravity from the two wing tanks to a fuel shutoff valve.
With the valve in the ON position, fuel flows through a strainer to the
- carburetor. From the carburetor, mixed fuel and air flows to the cylinders
through intake manifold tubes. The manual primer draws its fuel from the
fuel strainer and injects it into the cylinder intake ports.
- von' !In.
vent line whlch
l1 July
which is
Jul)' 1979
,l17li
lo "'Iull>peo:I
equipped wlth'
with a elIO<k valvo. and protrudes
check valve, pl'OIrudo. from
lrom!ho
the
7-19
7'18
FUEL OUNll1TY
fUll QUANTITY [lATA
DATA C(U.
U. IS.. "GALLONS)
... llONSl
mTAl
TOTAL
TOTAL TOl.o,L
TOTAL
USABLE fl/EL
USAlLt FUEL
"
TANKS
T"'NKS UNUSABLE
UNUSAlll fUlL
FUEL
ALL (LIC..,.
FLIGHT
FUH
FUEL VOLUME
V(lLU"'[
CONDITIONS
CQHOITI0N5
STANDARD
STNlD"'~O
(13 G",
Il) Gal. h"h)
Each) " .•
24.5 ,.
1.5 ".
26.0
LONG RANCi&
LONCi RANGE
(19.5 Gol,
ilU Gal. E"""I
Each)
37.5
31.5 ,.
1.5 ~,
39.0
Figure 7·~.
"Ip", 7-5. Fuel Quantity Dala
Fu"C Quanmy Data
boM,.. .urf
bottom .... DI
surface "'a left
of the 1.11 wing
wlng near wi".
the wing Il,,,,1
ne'" tbe strut attach
.. ttaçh point.
poiOlI. The right
Tllo <lalll
fuel
lu.l tank
lank filler
fiLI •• cap
co.p is also
\. al ... vented.
v... ted.
Fuel
P\lel qu.ntlt)' ~ ......
quantity is measured
urwd by 1_
two float-type
no .. L-IJ'PI' fuel quantity
(\I.lqu .... LI\J' transmitters
tnLaMnI""''''
(one in
(ODe In each
...::11 tank) and indicated
l&JIk) &nd jnclicatood by
by two electrically-operated fuel
l''''' alecuiclilly-opec.aled quantity
fucol quUltlly
Indlea.lO ... on the
indicators 10 __ left
tM lower lalt portion
portion 01 11M instrument
of the ~"l""'emply
ina=enl panel. u.nlt
An empty tank
is
lo. indicated ....t line
Ind\eo.ted by a.. red lino. and the
tha letter E. Wb
!.tI. . E. When an indicator
....... lMloalo, shows
obowa...,an
empty tank,
empI)' approximately .75
tank. approxtm-"'ly .'75 gallon
pllo.oI remains
rem ..... in
in either a standard
tlth ..... !.aDdan! or
or long
IO!!.1"
range
........ tank
!.ank as unusable
...... ",.0.1>1. fuel.
CuorL The
The indicators cannot be
iDdlo.tono 0UlD01 be relied
reUed upon
upon for
for
accurate
&<:curala readings
...dill,. during
durill&' skids,
oIdda.• slips,
UpI. orOr unusual attitudes.
""WI\I&\ anlwd ••.
at
The
ne amount
a' each
o.mounl of
....,h tank.
lanl<. The
01 unusable
un".ab1" fuel
The maximum
m&xlmum unusable
is relatively
fuall.l'1Ilatlva
unu . . bl. fuel
ly small
.m&ll due
(ual quantity,
duo. to
quantlly, as
1.0 the
lhe dual
... determined
dual. outlets
DuLleta
dal.4lnolned from
lrom the
Lbot
~
most
mOlli critical
critte'" flight
fUl'hl condition,
""n'UIlDn, isI . about
.. boll i 1.5 gallons total.
1.5j{"'lcnM 1.Olal. This
11>111 quantity
qUL<lllly was
w ....
not
nDt exceeded
uc.-ded by by any
r.ny other reasonable
cUl . ........ ooable flight
!lillbl condition,
condlUoo. including
locludlnil" pro
pro-
longed
longed 30 30 second
...,.,nd full-rudder ,Ideallp. in
IIIU_rudder sideslips In the
tbe landing
la.ndlo, configuration.
oonfl,,"n\.lon.
Takeoff s have
T .......,I!. b"vt not
nOI been
_ " demonstrated
deIllODIII ...1ed with ...11b less
le.. than ""uon,
Ibr.n 2t gallons total
tei'" fuel
roel (1
(1
gallon
" ....1011 per
PC' tank).
I&nk).
The fu ..1 system
1"he fuel .yll.." is Mjwpped with
I. equipped .. l\b drain
dmll valves
vlllv •• to provlde a.. means
1.0 provide me .... for
lor
the
Ihe examination
.. aznlnallon of
et fuel
Ilid in
iII the
Ibe system
IlYstem for
ID' contamination
_ ' ....In..lon and
..,d grade.
"n.<k!. The
TM
system
-'l'n .... should
aII""ld be
be examined
.,.I<ni ..... before
belore the
Ibe first
n.1II flight
mlbl of01 every
ev'ry day and after
day..,d ..ne.
each
ucl> refueling,
mutli .... by
by using
ualca the
Ibl sampler
..... p!e. cup
cup provided
prov1<1ed to
to drain
d n.lll fuel
ro,1 from
lrom. the
Ilio!
wing
w;"8" tank
L&nk sumps,
Mump •. and
end by
hy utilizing
1I11It:.IIlC the
Ibe fuel ",""'"eI"
lod strainer drain
dr.. lll under
.. ncle.
an
aD access
&eOI'IM
■ panel
pallel on
ca the
Ibe right
riChl side
ddo of ~",,(lOWUn,
the engine
oflhe cowling.. The fuel tanks
Th"roel L&nkt should
should be filled
!>e/1lI'"
after
alle. each
c~ flight
flIibl to
to prevent
pAVeIIl condensation.
oondan .... loa .
When
Wlwo the
serviced
INIrvlcod to
.. l.pl~ is
lbe airplane
te a.. reduced
rocl.uced fuel
I. equipped
oqnlpped with
fuel capacity
ea.po.cll)' to
wllb long
to permit
,.."p tanks,
lon" range
poInnl! heavier
""avlt. cabin
ta.nk .. itIl may
c .. bln loadings.
may be
10a<Llnp. This
bo
1"1". '
is
I. accomplished
acoompllahed by by filling
/1IlIn, each
.&ch tank
ta.nk tote the
the bottom
boltom of
cl the
lhe indicator
IlIdlc .. to. on
on the
l lul
fuel
fuel filler
fiU .. neck.
neck. When
When filled
l!lIed to
to this
thle level,
level. the conia In. 13
tank contains
Ihe1.&nk 13 gallons
goUono (12.25
(12.25
usable
.. ,..,hl, in
In all
..11 flight
n1lht conditions).
oondlllon_J.
7-20 1I July
July 1979
11179
,... ,,.....,.,,.'-."""
FUEL QUANTITY INDICATORS
FUEL
QUANTITY
TRANSMITTER
Il FUEL
QUANTITY
- --,-..
TRANSMITTER
,
'''''''
......
"""''''''''''
- ."'.-
TO ENGINE
_.---
------0 .' '.'
.......
_.-
CONDITION:
SYSTEM SHOWN WITH
FUELSHUTOFF VALVE
IN ON POSITION n_,,,.
LZZ]
çDO~
CODE
FUEL SUPPLY
_..... ..
r--'-'---, __ ----O
'
c::::J
LZZD w.t
VENT
TO ENGINE
MECHANICAL
LINKAGE
Due to crossfeeding between fuel
"*— ''''IO''''
ELECTRICAL tanks, the tanks should be re-
_.~
Su l~ 1979
1l July III'i'Il 77-21
· 21
•o
"o
.-.<"~
~
~
,•
,.
gj
"o
""
".
AIRPLANE & SYSTEMS DESCRIPTIONS
~
~
~
m
BRAKE SYSTEM
...
The airplane has a single-disc, hydraulically-actuated brake on each
i:::
,,"
.il
main landing gearwheel. Each brake is connected, by a hydraulic line, to a
master cylinder attached to each of the pilot's rudder pedals. The brakes
iò':.l
are operated by applying pressure to the top of either the left (pilot's) or
•• ~ -"1'1100"
"0""",;';
-1 Dft
".
right (copilot's) set of rudder pedals, which are interconnected. When the
=;o __
Do:>."
airplane is parked, both main wheel brakes may be set by utilizing the
~!!!-''''.
. ~ ....-,..~~'"
~ 8c.1ld~
cf"'""
;i1~d~
".o~~i~l
~
rrt'6f;;~'"
;;;:;'=lIi'li·~
g~!~"h
"~~'''i'''6
- -:;;·
8--"
""•> W """5<>.'1:;;
: .. S "' .. E '"
",.-2 ... -",
1P!,sH
parking brake which is operated by a knob on the lower left side of the
.dti-i~~
~
E E :; 1: ;j c>..!!
; " .. -:i,e- li
-
instrument panel.
;
••
e
•
For maximum brake life, keep the brake system properly maintained,
.
<.
"-
s~
~EI
-~
: '~
,-'
.,,-
•...
•
and minimize brake usage during taxi operations and landings.
'-,.
,.
•,
':ii
,.
<Il
S
Some of the symptoms of impending brake failure are: gradual
al
".5_
....
t; .".
brakes, soft or spongy pedals, and excessive travel and weak braking
D
g;0i~
l- il;.:;
.. '"
..
action. If any of these symptoms appear, the brake system is in need of ~ ~
. '1 "1._c..g_
-.:
~jl[~_
~_ ~".
creases, let up on the pedals and then re-apply the brakes with heavy
;~is~
~
pressure. If the brakes become spongy or pedal travel increases, pumping
.•<o,• ;'i""i..-~"-a"'lo
-.-~
0.0""'_0
~--l "-1
the pedals should build braking pressure. If one brake becomes weak or
'!I~oòE .. i ....
DOtl2Q ... !
~. <> "
.... lE5: .. g_
5al.!! ..i i ell
.. ::::,;
8"H,. Ii'"
!! ." li '" -: E1: §.
<>.!l ":l-
o .... ~
fails, use the other brake sparingly while using opposite rudder, as
a..,..,:t== .. ~ ..
q .-.!! .. q
i
~i 2 E"" ""'" ~
"~..ai"O
~
1ò':8~g;~iI~';
~i <>. i:ì U};~~
11;Ht[n~
." ..
W
W
-" ,-,- r _. "
~
~
~
~
~
~
"'
"
ELECTRICAL SYSTEM
w l;;-
system (see figure 7-7). This system uses a 24-volt battery mounted on the
~_
.;;
right forward side of the firewall as the source of electrical energy and a
"' r .
~ ....
> ~~.
,,-.
"egJ
Power is supplied to a bus bar, and a master switch controls this power to
.. i 1.s~="
_~
"iii
iii:. "i.!:!·
all circuits, except the engine ignition system, clock, and flight hour
..
."'~
:>
" .S -"~.!'
recorder (if installed). The flight hour recorder receives power through
~'"
the clock is supplied with current at all times. All avionics equipment
c.~
. s ... " ~ ~ "
~.g.
......
...~r:- S··"g ,, 1 !la,,
should be turned off prior to starting the engine or using an external power —
'H·" '"-:l-'''
-lll-g 1 _-Sf_D
.. ,,_~ ~'C
S '::
fEjh]lo2:"
e.g"l,,~ ,'!:oJt
11 b'-'8.":-55,;;;!>
..
r ..
,S ".-
:'''>''Ii
.. - ...';;'
~ g~;~2"=P'H
•O
:;•
li •
,•
>
§
MASTER SWITCH
"
.~
(.!:>:
i':'i;
'-
..
is ON in the up position and OFF in the down position. The right half of the
l
., '
u
I
jj~=
<;:;~
i ••
-',
,L
!'"'.g
i;].
''.".
~ ~
" .!!..c
~,~e.
- gg
I8.t
switch, labeled BAT, controls all electrical power to the airplane. The left _
"
8v
e.s~j
1;i~-i
~:?J":8
~n
u .. <>~
-.,,~~
~!!'i~
.. g.0l!:i
__"'11":
.:. .. 'ii ,•
<io .. ..,
.-,-j'
-.. --
°i';i
"
~ "il..: .
!l-.
~
,~
LOW-VOLTAGE
WARNING LIGHT
-
TO FLASHING BEACON
TO PITOT HEAT
rt
I ALTERNATOR TO DIGITAL CLOCK
— CONTROL
-
UNIT TO STROBE LIGHTS
ALTERNATOR
FIELD
CIRCUIT
TO LANDING AND TAXI LIGHTS
BREAKER
— TO NAVIGATION LIGHTS
— TO DOME LIGHT
AMMETER n
TM
The .."mo"',.
ammeter, ,,,,,
located on u..
..<><I OD the U,,"", side 01
nll"h! ai<kl
upper right lD.lnImonl panel,
!b. instrument
of the p~~'.
indicates u..
lDdlc"''' the a",oun'
amount 01 of cUITon'.
current, in ID 0"'1"''''0.
amperes, IT<Im
from the.no .".m le tM
• ..,. to
alternator the
b'U.y
battery O, or lrom
from the battery IO
In. bO'''r)' .... o'.plan.
to ,the electrical oy
airplane o..,.,tri<:al . .. m. Who
system. When tM
.. the
e"K''''
engine ,. is OPO."'OO(
operating and the m ..... owitcn
tbo master switch is lo 'turned
u,nod on,
ono the
'bo a",,,,
ammeter... ,
Indlc .... the
indicates u.. cb .....r i,,~ ....
charging rate &ppUod
applied to IO III. hl"'ry. In the
the battery. Ih. ev.o'
event the III.
&J"rna'<"
alternator la
ol ... ma"'•.•the
alternator,
IlO'luncÙ<>ll.log or the
is not functioning
no amme"',
ammeter indicates
llMt .leclricallo&doxcndollleou'p",oltM
lodl.,._ u..
electrical load exceeds the output of the
ba'U')' dlocn"'lI.
the battery roU.
discharge rate.
The
Th
nlSb.Low
airplane
.... ..,,1 ...... Iis....
high-low voJlap
voltage conl",1
equipped "'li"
ulppod with oa cOnlbln.'ioo
uDII mounted
control unit
combination 0.1"'0010'
... o"o!ed ""
on .b
the
alternator regulator
••engine side 01"'"
"i'0' .Ido Il,.w.U
'0""'.'0'
of the firewall
and a re<!
...,d. red warning light, labeled
warnloll","'.labo' od LOW VOLTAGE, under the ammeter
VOL T AGE. Under!bo .","'.... on the
!b. '0"
In.'rum.n'
instrument "a"ol
panel..
In
In 'IlO
the w.n,.n
event an <",o.·vo"op
over-voltage coMltlon
condition 0«\0,...
occurs,••theho olum&\o, con'ro)
alternator control
uni'
unit au\<l",.,jcally
automatically ffm"" removes 'urno"" 1I
. . .alternator 0id cU,""'"
field whlcn .hu\.O
current which shuts oown III•
down the
•alternator.
'10"'010'. Tno battery ..-Ili
The ba.lO.,. will ,ho"
then aupply
supply oyo'.",
system <uno,,'
current u alwwn by
as shown by a
dlsobarllo
discharge rate, a '" ODon !bo
the ""'m.'
ammeter. .... Under
Uod., these
'h... coDdlUoDO.
conditions, o'p*"dlnll
depending O" on
electrical .~a
ol"",,-let.! system 10&<1. tIIalow_voU"",wa."lnll",h<
.. ", load, the low-voltage warning light will wl1ll1l""'I"'"
illuminate ",ho"
when
')'lI"""
system voll"", drops "'10"
voltage drop. oorm.l. "l"he
below normal. The .'lOmolo,
alternator oon,rol unII may
control unit moy be
bo
reset by 'umlnl!"
"""'" turning ,Itethe mali"" switch 011
master ""'Ucb off ,nd I>&<k 00
and back on ap.ID.
again. If the ..
JI "'" warning
amlDII"
lIlI"M
light <1"".
does no' III"m! ..."'. normal
not illuminate, nonnal altorn.'o, <harglnl!" has
alternator charging .... resumed;
, .. umM:
"o,"ovo
however, •• Il
if ,the
... light
IIln, <10 .. UI"m'n,,,,
does illuminate &galn
again,.• b . oo<:urrod.
", •• rune"o" has
a malfunction occurred,
and ,,,.
~"d the n!O(ht
flight ,hQuld
should be bo "'rm!na!ed
terminated .. as ...,n
soon .. pnell •• bl •.
as practicable.
NOTE
Illumination 01
Illumin.'lo" ,ho low-voltage
of the I" .. ·yo'tap light
\l,h' and
0<10 ammo",
ammeter di.·
dis
.narp
charge '",:l1caUono mo.y "".u
indications may occur' durlnl!"
during low RPM oond!tion.
conditions
"''''
with On
an ol"",c&lload
electrical load On ono .~."''''.
on the system, o"e" as du.ln,
such ... during .'0 ..
a low
RPM 'u;.
RP)! taxi. Under
Uodo< ,nthese conditions,
... condlt1on the Il'hl
•• "'. light will
.. ,1) go out .
I:oou, at'
nlllho,
higher RPM. Tb.
The "' ..... owllo"
master . . - not
switch need DO' be . .yclod since
bo ,recycled alnotl
"
'"" over-voltage ""ndllLo"
an "".r·vol..." h.. no'
condition has not oo<:u,.,.
occurred .... to
IO ode-activate
....."lv...
,.>
7-24 Jul~ 1979
1I July ,Q7;
the o.I'uu.I<I.
!.ho alternator ""
system.
.. om.
'l'h
The . ... aml ft(l" !l,h'
warning light ....
may bo *'-<1
)' be , ~ ... i.ll on
tested by turning Oft the
Ohol...,d'nllllghlll """
landing lights and
momoft"'rily .umlng
momentarily turning olI Ib . ALT portion
off the pon lon 01
of .ho m..........
the master 1_ ..
switch OU.
while
loavlng the
leaving Oho BAT
8A T ""n loo .turned
portion umlNl 00.
on.
CIR CU ir 8R
CIRCUIT EAI(ER S AND
BREAKERS ANO FUSES
M.,., o,
Most electrical d«:"
tb. ele<lrJool
of the 1111 in
circuits lo !.he a 'rpl.,.. are pro_III<!
the airplane by·"push-to-
protected by 'p""h-to-
....... type clreuL'
reset" 1)'"" circuit breakers mouoted under
bruko ... mounted undor the
Oho onfloo
engine 000
controls <ho
on the
.... 1. O"
1"""''''0''' pan.l. However,
instrument panel. Howov&r. al",,,,,ol<l'
alternator C\L'P'"
output is pro\eG1.O<l by oa ··p
I. protected uli·olr·
"pull-off"
type ol",ul.
type b ... lto r. '!'be
circuit breaker. The nlp,
cigar [(,,"b .. , is
lighter oqul pp<><l ...
I. equipped iOh •a manually-reset
with manually_'o ...
type ..... ml' bbreaker
circuit ~alre, l"" ... d on the
located .bo back
ba< k 01 .ho lISb
of the lighter..,."d
and o a fuse behind
''''' .... o'Od the
rIMI
In ..",m..,' p
instrument panel.
....,. The control
T'" .,.," n..' map
wheel
.... ' .. m.p light
"S"' (U 'o. ..""') !O
(if installed) is protected
prole<to<ll>y by
"'. NAVI DOME oL",ullb
the NAV/DOME .."ko< .....
circuit breaker, and d a fuse
ru .. boh'r>d.
behind the in."",,,.. ,,t panel.
tho instrument p a .el
El.-eh'co.l OUO\l'"
Electrical circuits .. hlcl> aare
which .. not ProlOe'-<l by 0("'\111
DO' protected o........ are the
circuit breakers tho
battery contactor olooh.
00'1or;!' 0<>.',",,10. closing ~ {ule,ul t><>_ rldr<luit.
(external power) circuit, olock
clock dr<uit. m,h!
circuit, and flight
tLou. """'NO'
hour recorder cl«:u1t.
circuit. 'l'h . . . .circuits
These i",ul.. &M prolOe'''' by fuses
are protected ru .... mounted
""", ,,le<!
ad!"",,"'
adjacent '" to the battery.
'he ba'lery.
GROUND SER
GROUNO SERVICE RECEPTACLE
VICE PLUG RE CEPTA ClE
A ço" od ......
ground service.,. plug receptacle
_eJ><o<:I . may be
bo 100""'''' to permit the use
installed lo u .... o,
of ti,.
an oxternal
OD external power .u .... 'or
source
p<I .... , . for cold ..... 11> •• olarlwg
weather OIId durini
starting and I.n~y
during lengthy
maintenance
m.' " teUn'" work on the
.. ori< 00 Oh• •electrical and
1..,lrloo.l ... electronic &qulp",e"t.
d .1""",,010 equipment. Details of
Dotalla 01
the ground ..
'h. ""uod service plug rweop.
,.,,10. l'lUi< receptacle
ocl. are
a .. presented
p .... ole<! in Section 9.
In S..,Iloo 9, Supple.
Supple
m.n ...
ments.
LIGHTING SYSTEMS
lIGHTlNG
EXTERIQR
EXTERIOR LIG HTING
LIGHTING
'!'be
The nMhi n, bo...,.,n
flashing beacon .should bo""""
nOI be used when
n""ld not n~I", through
wh . n flying Ih",u~h oIn"""
clouds or
ov.,."....,
overcast; "'.
the n •• hlns light
flashing IISh' ",n""t.e<l1
reflected from w. 10' droplt!13
rom water droplets o.
or J>&nlel
particles In .h.
... in the
,.
atmespM' • . pan'eulOtiy
atmosphere, particularly "
at. night,
n'ghl. O... produce
can p_llee vertlgo
vertigo ond
and lo .. of
loss 01 o".n'"
orienta
tion.
IlOn.
I1 Julf
July I~
1979 7-25
INTERIOR Ll
tNTEAIOR LIGHTING
GHTtNG
Instrument and
[n.I .... "'.'U .... d conlZ'ol p ..... 1 lilJhUng
control panel lighting il is pro~i_
provided b)' by nood
flood lilfhling.
lighting,
integral lia;hUnl.
l.alolgr&l lighting, &<><i
and potIllI&"hIiD&"
post lighting (II (if Inl\ll.llod).
installed). Two ooneeDI.nC
concentric ,rheostat
heost.1
COlIlrol
control kDobs
knobs OD on the loh ...
\h. left ltoh ....
switch and control p
d CODlrol ..... I. labeled PANEL L
panel, LTT ....
and d
RADIO LT, control
l.T . oon intensity 0
trol In'."all)' of the instrument ....
1 th.lu<rument and control pane'
tI ""ntrol panel lighting.
I1gMlng
A slide-type .wHellllf
A .lIde.\ype switch (if installed)
I" .WI"") OD. on the overhead
\.b8 "" console,
...II,ad ""n""I labeled PANEL
•. lebeled l'ANElo
LIGHTS, il
L1GHTS. is used
ulMld to select fiooci
IO ",Ie<:t flood lighting
U,bUlI1I In in 1111
the FLOOD
F't.OOD position,
)X>1,1L(Ul. post
pOlli
lighting in !.he
liahllnlllD the POST
POBT position,
poslUolI. Oror •a comb'n.\lon
combination 01 of post and flood
posllUld lighting
nOO<! IlgllUnll'
in Ihe
In the 80TH
BOTH position.
poettlo... -
Instrument and conlrol
In"trom ent.."d control panel
pAne! flood
nO<><! lighting consists 01
I1gM!"1 conlll". ~ olnll.
of a single r1Id
red
nood ItroM in
flood light l" III, !orwar<l part
the forward pe" ollhe
of the Dve,lIead
overhead conllOl •. To use
console. u .. the
III. flood non<!
Itghlinl". rotate
lighting, ,o\et. Ih. l.T rheostat
l'AN~L LT
the PANEL ,h..,.lal ""DI,ol knab clock"',
control knob clockwise.. to
IO the
desired intensity.
du'twd l"te""i\y.
The instrument
Tbl 1.1111"""."1 panelp .... el may be eqllipplld
equipped with.. I!.h post
poti lights
Ilgl:tl8 which
",hich are
&ft
mounted a
l:IlO\lutod at,!.he
the qedge
e 01of e..,h
each 111&lrumeDI
instrument .... and pro"lde dl~
d provide IlI"ti"l. Tht
direct lighting. The
IlrohlS are
lights ..... openled
operated by b)' placing
pl..,lnl!.he PANEL LIGHTS
the PANEL LlOHTS Hlectonwlt.tb. \()Ca"'"
selector switch, located
In the
in lIIe ovetbea.d 00"..1.. I"
overhead console, in the
the POST position and adjUO.IDgllp.I"
pooUlon ancI ..... hy
adjusting light intensity
with
.. 1111 the
Ihe PANEL
PANEL LT rheostat
L T 1'1\ ... _ ' control
con.rol knob.
knob. By 8y placing
pl aclnl the
the PANEL
" AN!':L LIGHTS
LIGlfTS
selector
_J.o::I<l, ...switch In the
;t.eb in 80TH position,
lIt, BOTH Ib. post
posi" ...... the p01Il lights
U,bl8 can
ç .... be used
.. _ in
i.n
combination
combinali ..... with
w,th the
Ihe standard
.ta.nd&rd flood
fiooci lighting.
liglnh,&.
The
Tbv engine
I lIlJhlt instrument
"'attulllODl cluster
dusler (if
(I! post
POSI lighting
lirhUnr is
le installed),
Inlu.l\ed). radio
radio
equipment,
"'Iuipu,cllt. and
lUld magnetic
marllo.lc compass
oom pa.ss have
lIave integral
Inlerral lighting
lIeMlnr and operate
&1Id opo r.. '"
independently
w de)X'nde otl)' of poli
DI post or nood
Or flood lighting.
!lp Il n e . Light
LI rhl intensity
In ",n.' Iy of
o r the
UI. radio
fa,Un lighting
11 gMing
is
l. controlled
eDlltro!led by the RADIO
bylhl nAOIO LT
L T rheostat
rh ..... u.I control
conlrol knob.
knob. The
The integral
lnlllg ...1compass
"" ... pae.
and
"nd engine
enrlne instrument
lnlt",m.n l cluster
elultef light intensity is controlled by
lightlntenlity I. """I,,,Il.d
b)' the
Ih. PANEL
PANEL
LT
LT rheostat
r~eoo ...1 control
oonlrol knob.
kn ol>.
A
A cabin
CAbin dome
domi light,
1IrM. in
l'' the
Ihl overhead
overhN.tl console,
consol., is
lo operated
oporaled by
by a.. switch
Iwlt<lll on
Oh
the lef, switch
!he left ",,"ueh and
snd control
conlrol panel.
p.nel. To
To turn
lurn the
thl light
UeMon. "'OVO the
on, move Ih. lwlt<lh IO
switch to
the ON position.
th.ON poillion.
A
lo control
c"nlro! wheel
wb"1 map
m.p light is available
!labIle Iv&ilabl. and
end is
Il mounted
D>Ounted on
On the
tbl bottom
bonomarof
the
lite pilot's
pllo.' .. control
co,,"ol wheel.
.. bO<lL The
Tbc light
liahl illuminates
Wumina"'. the
liti lower
lowwr portion
pOrtio .. of
of the
lhIt
cabin
cabm just
JIIS' forward
fo""ard of the pilot and
oftbepllOi &Dd is
ls helpful
holpllli when ~klIIr maps
whtll checking n.apa and oth~r
.... d other
flight
melll data
d&u. during
dur1IIe night
III,h. operations.
operatlolll. To
To operate the ape,""
tbe light,
lIell<. first
Il, .. turn
ili." on
00 the
\be
NA'" LT
NAV LT switch;
, ..1",11. then
tbell adjust
adjuM the
ilio map
m.p light's
Urll'·s intensity
1111.",11)' with
wltb the rlI ..... t.1
Lbo rheostat
control knob located
OOlIll'Ollmob Ioc&ted at the bottom
altbe cf the
bouom of III. control
oontrol wheel.
.. boel
A
A doorpost
"oorpo" map
",sp light
111M is
Il available, and
.vAllabl e ..... d is
t. located
loca"" on
on the
, hl left forward
1.lIlorw .....<1
d<)<Jrpoe" It
doorpost. II contains
conlAin. both
b<>.h red
twd and
,,"d white
..111'" bulbs
bulb .....
and <1 may
"'ay be pol,Uonl<l to
1>1 positioned IO
illuminate
,lluminl'" any
any area a
I ... desired
d ..irad by
by the
lite pilot.
pilcL The light is controlled
ThelllJhll. ""n lrollld by
b)' a.IWilch
switch,•
above
• bo". the light, which
thl\l",hL whicb is labeled RED,
,ollboll<l REO. OFF, and
OFr ..... <1 WHITE.
WHI TE. Placing
Pl""",g the
litI switch
. w itch
in
'" the
tbo top
"'p position
pOliUolI will
..ili provide
provl<1e a1 red
redlight.
\l,III. In theobottom
IlIlh bol",m position,
pOlilion. standard
Ol.lnd .. rd
7-26
7·28 1l July
July 1979
lll'lll
whl .. I4IbU~i
white lighting I. pnlv!dod.
III the
is provided. In u.o ooole< _m,,~. the
center position, \be map
"'"" Il,,bl
light io
is lurnod
turned
oli. L1llb< lD
off. Light ..... lty oIu...
intensity of the _ io """,,..,U
!111M is
red light controlled.... by
by the
U..I'ANEL L T rheostat
PANEL LT ,b..."""
'- "",,""I
control kDob.
knob.
Tba
bo",va'. in
however,
",o.' probable
The most
In tho
the ""0,,1
event ony
cause <>1
pl'Ol>&bla e'UM of a
any of "",U.buna
the lighting ofa
li""
..",. fail
systems
f,Un,.., is
light failure
f,1l '"
l, a bumod
burned out buI!>:
Ulum' .. a.. when
to illuminate wbOn
bulb; <>n'
"" turned
\uni .... "n.
on, ohe<>k
check the appropria
appropriate .. oll"OuU
circuit b ....,kU". If
breaker. u.. olT<>ul.
Il the &II.,
b ....
circuit breaker has
ha.
opllno<!
opened (wblle (white buI"'" pOppod oul)
button popped out),. and
....d III ..... is
there la no obvIou. ln,,;oa\lOll 01
obvious indication of a
o~o'"
short o lreu Il (aonok,
circuit (smoke o, odor), Iu,
or odo,). turn .. 011
off III, ,.,llcb <>1
llibl ,switch
the light u.. affected
of the r.tIocted lights,
IIl1"b'"
......"
reset the Iho b.--lou.
breaker, ood lu,"" "'"
and turn .. jlc~ O"
the .switch on . .aln. If
again. Il!h,
the b ..... kor opll"'
breaker opens . .aln.
again,
"" no,
do not .-&&0,
reset it.
IL
CABIN HEATING,
HEATING. VENTILATING
VEN TILATING ANO AND
OEFRQSTING
DEFROSTING SYSTEM
TIuI
The lemporUu ........
temperature and d volume
voI umo of airflow
al rf1cw 1.1>\0 u., cablo
into the cabin aon
can be rtlsuJated
bo regulated
b)' m ... lpulaUoD of the
by manipulation \b. push-pull
puob · pul! C"'S!N
CABIN HT Ltld
and CABIN AIR
AIR 000""1
control
knobs
,,"" .... I~
... ((see figure
.. 7-8).
Heated
H r_~ al,
. . - fresh air ud.
and OUlOid,
outside ai, blaOdO<! 1.1>.
air are blended oobU. manifold
in a cabin ",r.:ufoldJ"".an
just aft
or
of U.o fI ..... &l1 by adjuotmOM
the firewall adjustment of the
\b. heat
hM' and ,l
air, oo"trol.;
controls; ibis al, l.
this air U;,,'"
is then
v.,._ ,,.,,,
vented into tho
the oabl
cabin.. lTom
from ou tlotll in
outlets lo the
ilio noli!
cabin .. manifold
man lfold ....
near ' lb. puor • ..,..
the pilot's and
p feet. W"",oble'd
.....,.,..,.• 100(.
passenger's Windshield dol",
defrost •• al, is "00
air J. also •• ppIlO<! bf
supplied by •a duct
duOl 10...,.1
leading ...
from
Il"Cm the
III. manifold
mani/old to
",.a pair of ontlo"
1',1' 01 outlets below the ""
bo!O" ilio windshield.
..dohlo!d.
Additional ventilation
Addltlonai air may be obtained by
VtlnUlal10D ai, oli"""....
~y opout..~
opening !h.
the adju.Ubl.
adjustable
'- vootl1."' ... near
ventilators nM, .h. uppo.letl
the upper left and right
!"11M CO' ....... of the
corners III. windshield.
wlndahleld.
l1 Julf
July "1'19
1979 7-27
0
DEFROSTER
-n
OUTLETS
0
n
-
-
CODE
CODE
.... HEATED
....... 0 AIR
...
_cr_
.... "'_D"'•
BLENDED AIR
••• MECHANICAL
— "'O<.oJo"",c
-
CONNECTION
FI~ .. 7-8.
Figure 7·L Cabin
Cabl" Heating,
H ..liII ... Ventilating,
V.nUl&U" ... and
."d Defrosting
t>etrosll".. System
Syal"'"
7-28 J .. Ly 1979
1I July 1f79
•l
~
.~
<-
00
.-§f
.,
o.
••
.0
." .0
,
MODEL 152 AIRPLANE & SYSTEMS DESCRIPTIONS
l
."
The heated pitot system consists of a heating element in the pitot tube,
a rocker-type switch labeled PITOT HT on the left switch and control panel,
~ ~-
1<
~ ~ '" :I
5g~a"
: ... -
J-i>-~-
ai' o .. "
~~':il~~
i~~l§]
~g!;H
.go:~~
•• • ~~§'ii!
~..,o~o..,
""-~f&l
. ..:;;.!~:
_ . CI..=
8;., oio""
li1:::S_o..
~ t .. e,8
,• -s!:lii'i'3
~eh" .,
,-:;:1:-8
••o .!l",sS.5.!
••" ;-5=".;
•> :,~i §a"
~!agH
J!~:-51
"h iZ ..
tion in possible icing conditions. Pitot heat should be used only as
~; L i.s~
~~~jg!
':""'1.:1 .
_ required.
o
AIRSPEED INDICATOR
•
j
"
The airspeed indicator is calibrated in knots and miles per hour.
·
·
<l •
-z ~ .~
•• -.
,-
"
-;:,
Limitation and range markings (in KIAS) include the white arc (35 to 85
.
·l"".,-.
S
;l~
=-3~
"~o
~:ill
<.
" >C 'i
=30
'0
·-.'
,--
''-
" .'."
,
'" o;'::::'
knots), green arc (40 to 111 knots), yellow arc (111 to 149 knots), and a red
o III
.
, o •
f'
•• ~;'"'!
" o
.::;~ :§
line (149 knots).
,
-
• -,- -
If a true airspeed indicator is installed, it is equipped with a rotatable
"l:
--
.li :;1-
"'_!.
..
indicator, first rotate the ring until pressure altitude is aligned with
5~o'b
r.,s
01~..,..§=~
'i~.!'i"
.. gli"..
.!!aos-
:ii-".::!
momentarily set the barometric scale on the altimeter to 29.92 and read
:n~~ s §
;!
fOl
-o l!
..
ric scale to the original barometric setting after pressure altitude has been
-~ ~"-:!l~
•.
obtained. Having set the ring to correct for altitude and temperature, read
•"u .s "i -.!I~!~-5"!'hh
"~E=e=,,
-~'"
-"'r~rll~'p
.~'S="'E1,l!iE.!1
s· ....
~ li!.
o' 1 ts!lg-<
...
i! "j ;1;
airspeed by referring to the Airspeed Calibration chart in Section 5.
gjs;!!. .. SE..:
1:o~S"
f~§e".s'C.cu~
:Z '" ~~P!.gH rp~.;~
li .. ogOie
"'.= -~ : -g=l
..
=.';;'~I-~ Si ..:!!-;;
~-8ee-l
8~ ... ° "il ee ",,1lt ~
!lo!! ~j;!fS w":~gR
s~ .. "t..,~;; 5"51~1i"
..
Knowing the calibrated airspeed, read true airspeed on the ring opposite
1
] .. l
'li ~.!I01"'-
i:~s:l!~ .t'se
~~
l·g~PSgiHcHe
..,
• :.: :!l
••
•
~
>
l-l •
•
'
1;
o"
'.
.!
.-
3'
•o ."
!•
-.• •
CI.
·f :!- • 01·"
.. ~ i
;.!i~
.;-!!.~
.5!_
. "
!.,§
,."
.-
,
§~i
./Iti~
li li :::
-.'
, ' ,.
• .""
-e.;,;':~
~"''''
o l'o
"
•
ALTIMETER
!~~h.!l:~~l~ li~ " " - •
A' "
~
!
Oi
• f..1!
".-
"..
o.
--
'-
."
near the lower left portion of the indicator provides adjustment of the
""il,
e" .S'
- o •
!
·! . ,-
.5~_
_!l ~
,00
-.
,'!
.,
iji
~J
;;:;:~
~
t: 11
=..,
.,' ..Jl ..
,.\
•
.
-
•o h- 18 e ~ ". ,,- l· o '0' -, .
.-
,
4
a
z
z
W
'"wz
u
~
~
~
~
~
>
~
~
~
~
~
>
• -', •• ;1< '"
'"
•j
.
I
•
,
o
o
o
,
4 ,
,
~,
•
>
<
•
1
~
~
• §
n
O"l~IIOA"D
OVERBOARD
V'''T
VENT LO"l
LINE
VACUU"
VACUUM
~-
n
PUMP
VACUUM SYSn
VACOJU" SYSTEM
..
AO~ "cnR
AIR FILTER
aooo
o o o
0 O 0 0 VACUUM RELIEF VALVE
o o o
o o o o
o o o
•*:
n
n
n
DIRECTIONAL
INDICATOR
=
CODE
n
c::J o~cn
INLET AIR
.... "
c::::J VACUUM
vACuu ..
~ 01SCHAR(;[ "OR
DISCHARGE AIR
provides
prov"i. . the
•h • •suction "_'~1lI')'
uç.lon necessary to
IO operate
Ope ...... the
1110 attitude
.Ilitu<lc indicator
indiCillOr and
... d
Iudica", •. The
dln>c. IOJlIII indicator.
directional ,,.etam consists
Tho system eo."o1 ... of
01 a• vacuum p"mp mounted
va<:"um pump mc"nl6d On
on
!ho engine,
the enfflne.•a vacuum rellol valve
vllOUUrn relief .... I.....
andnd vacuum ,y,"m .1.
vaeuum system m ... on
air filter <m the
t.b,.n.
aft
.ld.OI "rew,.1! below the
side of the firewall t.b.lnotrum,nl
instrument panel,p....I. and
,.nd instruments
Ins.ru"",,"(rndudJ..D.1!:
(including
,. ,,,cll<m
a pc.) on the
suction gage) III, left .idc of the
lan side \ha instrument
h .. uu ....111 panel.
p .... ol.
ATTITUOE INDICATOR
ATTITUDE INOIC AT OR
An .U1'uda
An attitude indicator ilo available
indica...,. is ,. v,,1 olbia and glgives
v.... v""., indication
a visual l nd ICIl<\<In of fil ,Il'
01 flight
,.nhude.
attitude. Bank 8a..n1r. atlltu<la
attitude is P"",,"IN b,
I. presented by a,. pointer
poin.... at, the IDp of
lite top DI the
t.b. indicator
IndI""", •
.. 1... lvo 101110
relative to the bIutk _lo which
bank scale wllleb hasIlull>du matII, at
index marks .110".!lf1>.
10°, 20°, 30°, ""d_
60°, and
3O".eD". 90°
either aldo
.11110. side of
mIni .." . . .
miniature
01 the m,."".
center mark. Pitch
Ulo unte.
1",1..... '''pertmpowd
airplane superimposed over
Plloh and roll aUIW'"
ov •• ,.
attitudes ~
.ymbollc horizon
a symbolic
p~nled by
are presented
hortso" area _
by,.a
divided
(\Jvidc!d
into
'nlD two'wo sections wlll" horizon
"",,<lon. by •a white IIcn""n bar.b. .. Tb.upper
The upper "blue "bluo .ky"
sky" ...........
area and d the
lowtlr "ground"
lower ··~uDd .. ..... Il,.ve arbitrary
area have .rt»lnry pitch pllcll reference
.. I... ne. lines u...1U1 for
lin. useful 10rpUob
pitch
.n ...... d. <>Wl'"'!.
attitude control. A A knob
koolo at III. bottom
al the bottom of the III, instrument
'no'.,.me .. ' is I. provided
prnvlded for lo.
InnJllII adjustment
inflight o.dj ... lmeD' of01 the
\ha miniature
mini .. ,,, ..... 1",I,.n. to
airplane IO the
ilio horizon
Ilon ..... bar lo ••
ba. for mc ...
a more
lIOCu •• '" flight
accurate mllll .\llIude Indl ...tlon.
attitude indication.
OIRECTl O NAllNOICAT
DIRECTIONAL OR
INDICATOR
SUCTI O N GAGE
SUCTION GAGE
A sue.lon
A suction g .. ~ is
gage I.loca~on
located on the <h,lon
left aldeolll1elnelrumenl
side of the instrument panelpanll when
wl1en
the ..
Ihe airplane
l",lano la is equlpPed
equipped with
-..J 11l •a vacuum system. Suelio
vo.cuum ")'alem. Suction available
.. _v .. doble for
lor
operation
ope of the .lIllude
... Uon olthe attitude indicator directional indicator
Indica"'. and d,,,,,,,liunal ",d,c.",. isl. shown by
this ,~.
Ihla gage, whlch
which I. is c.llb
calibrated
.... d in lnch.. ot
In inches of mvrcury.
mercury. Tlte d~... "od Sucllo"
The desired suction
range is
n.ng<o to 1'0.4
Il 4.5 IO 5.4 inches of mercury.
\nch .. DI m.reul")'. A .u<>flon
suction reading below this
re&dlnl wlcw U,ls range
ran""
may .ndlc."
indicate •a 0)'111m
system n",JtuJ1Cllu
malfunction .. or hDproper
improper adjuSlmen
adjustment, •. and inIn ,lIi$
this
case, thl
eas.. the 'Ddu,
indicators
..",. . .should
Ilould not
IlOt be OO"lldore<l
considered ...reliable.
lIloble
pressure
drlW' air
draws
C.... ~ ...
p"'** ..... creates
Il. through
I<no'- .bo".
IO knots
10
~lff • ...,llo.l pressure
a differential
throul'b the
UI.... mln. horn,
warning homo resulting
In all flight
11&11 in
above stall
llln.ln..".u..
tn the
p ............ in
in an audible
(lJ!fht conditions.
conditlon •.
UI. stall
a .. ~lbI ....
w ....lnJ system
,t&JI warning
ml ... at
warning aUto
1)'11em which
5 to
wblcb
-
stall warning
Thc stall
The _millll' system
1)'I"'m should
.buuld be
be checked
cbacl<-.I during
dU""1f the p...nlght
\lI1 preflight
IMpeellon by
inspection b)' placing
pl""lnl' a• clean
IIlea.n handkerchief
bllldl<erohiei over
oye. the YeHI opening
U,e vent opo",nll and
o.nd
appl)'lnllue.lon
applying suction. A .o"nd from
A sound Ule warning
Irom the .. unlnll horn
hom will
",m confirm IIlal the
OOlII"m that ÙI<1
I)'.'.m o~ ...lIv.,
lo operative.
system is
SUPPORT EQUIPMENT
AVIONICS SUPPORT EQUIPMENT
u. • .1",1."0
Il the
If airplane is "'Iulp~ with
lo equipped whb avionics,
avionicI. various
v •• lo"l avionics
.vlonlca support
IUpport
equlpmcnl
equipment may w.)' .1.0
also bebe installed. Equlpment available
iD.UoUed. Equipment • .,.Uabl. includes
Incl .. de. two
tW<l types
I)'pes
01 audio oonlrol
of audio plt.l1ela. microphone-headset
control panels, mlerophon.-h_'81 installations
Inllalllll oni andand control
con.rol
ourl_ ....
surface le dischargers.
static d1fJChITlJtl .., 11>. follo,.,ing paragraphs
The following p~ .... ph. discuss
di..,,, .. these i"'mo.
lI>eu items.
Oescrlp. lon .nd
Description and o~ .al lon 01
operation .adlo equipment
of radio oquipmont is oo".,.ed in
,. covered In Section
Sacllob 9Il of
01
Ul 1. handbook.
this b.ndbook
SELECTOR
TRANSMITTER SElECTO SWITCH
A SW ITCH _
Whcn
When tbc the .",onico pacujle irn:lud
avionics package .. Iwo
includes In.rullnu", ... Ia two-position
two transmitters, Iwo.po.IUnn
IOfrfrla ·l),pe Iswitch,
toggle-type labeled TRANS SELECT o.
wllCb . l.bolcd or XMTR (doopond!nl!l'
(depending upon
upo"
",blch
which ... dlo co"lrol
audio control panell. installed), lo
panel is IIIS\.aUM). is pro.,lded
provided to IO Iwl\(!h the miero-
switch ÙI<I micro
pl>onl
phone IO to Ih. lI'a!Ulmll~. the
the transmitter Ihe pllo'
pilot deslres
desires to IO "H.
use. TboThe numho:no
numbers l1 (Up
(up
p!1lillon)
position) .."d 2 (down pO'lIIlon)
and 11 position) CO r""'pond '"
correspond to the first and ..."",d
UI, Il,,,1 second (Irom
(from top
IOp
to bonom)
IO bottom) tr&lUlmlu.
transmitters,....... peellvlly.
respectively.
action 01
The ICtiOIl of ..
selecting
""'11"8 •a particular transmitter
p.n",uI •• U'1Dlmm using UI.
... ullnC the tno.nsm!tlC"
transmitter
..
selector w; IIOh Isimultaneously
l.., IO ••switch i m U1'-... 0 ...1)' .l.et. the audIO
selects Ihe audio am p III"' .. "'OC::I.
amplifier associated Wc! wl UI
with
lI>alln!1Smil~.
that transmitter IO to proYldo
provide opo"'.,
speaker audi<>.
audio. Fo
For "unplo. lf
••example, the numbe
if Ula number ' one
I.;l.ttsmh~.
transmitter llocltctc:d.
is selected, Ule the ludio
audio amplll; ... In
amplifier in thol
the " .. mba .. oone
number ... NAVICOM
NAV/COM
la
is olso
also Mloc::te<I
selected oDCIand la used k>,.
is UHd for ALL 8POoJ.te.
speaker a In the ~""nl
..dlo. Inlhe
audio. event u,.the ludlo
audio
amplln
amplifier •• ln"N
in use fllll
fails,. .
as. . .,ldence-d by !osI
evidenced loss 01 all speaker Iaudio,
of alllpoak., .. dlo. .. leclinj!;
selecting
the Olh.r
Ulo other I.a ... mll~. ",m
transmitter will ~stabUsh
reestablish speoke,
speaker a .. dlo utlng
audio using Ih. the o>lh
other
••
",.nlmiller
transmitter a"dlo audio Rmplilier.
amplifier. Hoa.d$l'
Headset Audio
audio I. is noi
not &1/0<ltc:d
affected by audio
Ampl,/i
amplifier . . """rallon,
operation.
7-32 11 hl)'
July llI'7lj
1979
USEO WITHOUT
USED W!THOUT MARKER
MARKER BEACON
BEACON
SPEAKER. ~'O"l
SIDETONE
NAV/COM ADF
1 2
(5) OFF
J I
zTRANSMITTER
lll_"nEII
... UDIO SELECTOR
s.&L[ClOII
sntero"
SELECTOR
AUDIO SHEClOI'I
"'UOIO SELECTOR AUDIO SPEAKER
SPE"'KER
-,~
SWITCH
SWlTCHES
SWITCHES SWlTCH
SWITCH SIDETONE
$1l'ETONE
VOLUM(
VOLUME
CONTAOL
CONTROL
COM BOTH
COIoIIOTH-"""" >II;"ClSH SlOETOOIf
HEADSET SIDETONE SPEAKER SIDETONE
51'1:"KEI'I SIOErONE
NJDIOiUECTOI'I
AUDIOSELECTOR INTERNAL
'NTER "DJU$IM~N'
..... L ADJUSTMENT IHTUNAl
■INTERNAL
~,~
SWITCH "CC[$$
ACCESS ADJUSTMENT
ADJVSlMENT ACCESS
Ac.ceSll
"~n
,
I~!
XMTR~
ADI OMI
ANN LTS
lT~
,Q
~ut
.. ."tà':
1"1 .~
•
-
TIIAN$MITTEA COM ...
CO" AUTO-1
UTO
-
TRANSMITTER- AUDIOSELECTOR'
NJDIO 51cLECTO~ ANNUNCIATOR
ANHONCI'" TOII
SELlCTOI!
SELECTOR AVOlO $H{CTO~
AUDIOSELECTOR SWlTCHU
SWITCHES llGHTS
LIGHTS
SWlrc
SWITCH.. ~,~
SWITCH BRIGHTNESS
el!'GHINtSS
AND TEST
ANDTUT
SWITCH
$WITCH
ftgu,,"
Figure 7·\0.
7-10. Audio Coulfoll'Met
Control Panel
I1 July LII7'i
1979 7-33
O
<,
""
,-
,•
w<
w_
00
o'
"o
""
b~
,
'.""-"
••"
AIRPLANE & SYSTEMS DESCRIPTIONS MODEL 152
, o
••o o
w
w
w
•
AUDIO SELECTOR SWITCHES
~
~
..
Both audio control panels (see figure 7-10) incorporate three-position
~
~g
~
~
.:!l
•o s.!
toggle-type audio selector switches for individual control of the audio
~
~c:t
.. f.
from systems installed in the airplane. These switches allow receiver
.,;~
o;;~~
.. !ll- ..
___
_.c
,o -··-
audio to be directed to the airplane speaker or to a headset, and heard
D "
<:>-·0_
o,!i_ ..
;~~"c
J-~!!
..
"'-eo
"E 'I; ..
singly or in combination with other receivers. To hear a particular
.. .. i
"~&~._c
i"§.c.2.!
• <L_
..
receiver on the airplane speaker, place that receiver's audio selector
D
0 __ ~
~
!l .. ~ .. ~~o::
<lo'"
_""_",,
,,_.~l:
"~_~;;1);:: Z
___
c ~ .. 00..
D"
.,..,>1
c" .."""5
.9i.-""D§
,• •~ - 3-:;,2.:':>
_
headset, place that receiver's audio selector switch in the down (PHONE)
",_Oa<>.
• •o -f ! • ",o.. -
.o~",- -
c.~'io-.c<o;"
,to •x -1\l'i!!O=~;;.!l -jiW~::4_.Oi
) .... O .. -~
~ ~
--~O"";i -
.~.
~-l-3O
~'ilp .. ~;",'lI
5~'ii~ .. ~'io:5
..,~ ~ .
~O~"~~D-1
0.
"" <>"8
01
-> .. .. _ ....
"il .... . . .'! ..
.o_w
. .. ..,e
,,=
.!!"'~O
, §3"-e-- - s
""
>-- -
"
"0-..,_ _ t:"
8
Je~..'ih.8.
.. &.
position. The center (OFF) position turns off all audio from the associated
Olt_
i:,.!! ~ ~=_:l- e
.c!>~O<>;-..;';_
·.::;1·;1
" >"'S" - >
receiver.
n
=:! ,o
,
" NOTE
•
•
~
,
<•
!l
,•
•
•
•
!
"
•
n
·
',
J.
'i
.,
'0'0
'8
Il
volume controls on each radio.
".,!l,
,.,
n
•
"
When a marker beacon receiver is not installed, audio from both NAV
>•
~,
=,
<'
:!l:
il
.,
,.
~;,
, "
'0 •
fS _ <l ~
.. -!!
';1
~U]
SI
ih
,o
••
!.-
", .
., .
i
A special feature of the audio control panel used with a marker beacon
.. D
>
11'0
_
receiver is separate control of NAV and COM audio from the NAV/COM
0-
~.
<-3
radios. With this installation, the audio selector switches labeled NAV, 1
,!-z"
5
and 2 select audio from the navigation receivers of the NAV/ COM radios
u
E:!l!!>i
f"'" ..
; _ ...
-
!'''~~l]
'~sep
!lS5~
-f z:!8Z~
~8~H;
1:0 h"',2
c > ..
:..0
.." :>'":!ioo
- .. ::~ I-
~sa_.g ..
.,".. '" 8<",- ;'lI=
" :;: -: :nl.!!
]~d ~
s%li~·~
00"
.:l ,,-go ..
,,"
~H~l ~ ~
,•oo
w
w
•
~
'
<>.
'"
.,;:;:
e.e~s
'"
, 01. 3r-"
selector switch. When the COM AUTO selector switch is placed in the up
:51.. Se
c _>l
~~
<>
• ~c_gsd1.l
! ..
•,o 5!!- " ;--.::.;;
c--
_ .. "" ...... >
... ~ ",.g:s"s
. ~~
a§i-!:~~
,o !!~~i~~i~i~
•2 }!~~=l~~]~
",~.·_"~o~
"il~gO- 'i=~s
~-=!/.c:Oe1l k~
!i'."~08_~E:5
<>~
~
~:
.. ~"E:!l.!!~
1D-.~,.~E
P"'ì!!~'ii--i
e::>;;~;;l:!.!';]
"'u!!:5-2:"'5~J
~-~
=.l!lE~g-~:ig .H
e""
g-,
- ."
..
'" s"::>si" li
",8 le,:;", E ..
-" "=
•oo -j"'.-""
'::~.c;<e illi
" --e"''''-,,-
iI~H I E,!Él~'"
~~h~HH:.
eC_o..~.!.
speaker. This automatic audio switching feature may also be utilized when
e .. .,,1=-
,
i
,,
S
oz
.0
.0
••o
,,••
-• >
,••"
00
J
MODEL 152 AIRPLANE & SYSTEMS DESCRIPTIONS
~
listening on a headset by placing the COM AUTO switch in the down ~
>,
0"
".!l
-.-
.,
'0
J
o •
: ~ .<:
,• =-3_!2."-
.: ::
:S'ii.
.,-
'l'
.::: o>~
'il~.!
... ~g
cZo
. 0.
..
"' 0 .
'0 iiI
•
, ·-,. ,.
-. .--·'.
..
0 '- i
::: !!:.< o
o
" . •o
;; :r :::> o
•~
• ·1 •
""s; w
COM BOTH AUDIO SELECTOR SWITCH
J
2'
o .,
"
If the airplane is equipped with an audio control panel having marker
'iO:
<>.[
~ ..
beacon controls, a three-position toggle switch, labeled COM BOTH, is
e-2"
provided to allow both COM receivers to be monitored at the same time. For
~.~e
e ..
-c '"
example, if the COM AUTO switch is in the SPEAKER position, with the
J
_.-~
"'<-
, - 'i....
transmitter selector switch in the number one transmitter position,
.,
,,0:;'::0
s ~i~t
.. 1·- °
number one communications receiver audio will be heard on the airplane
-<>:5=5=
-·"E-
receiver audio without changing the position of the transmitter selector
ll;!! .... _.. .
.""<'!.- - ..n<
."'D_"."
.-.","• ,'<Io_- ••• "p"::!bi-a -
switch, place the COM BOTH selector switch in the up (SPEAKER)
"
f!!1~!:J~~.!!.
."'s!l°·~ Se
~~ ':!!---~ .:-
~D
.<>:c~".2l
o: . ~
--
"'·g"'-S·
.!E~~~ .""
heard in addition to the number one communications receiver audio. This
_<> E. .0e '_""_-"
~O.=~c~~~.~]
'~.~-J.;:;J
<..>
ii
.... oo"t!0
!l:ti~g~:!lP"'g·~
_
- l.eS
feature can also be used when listening on a headset by placing the COM
-r~ .lL~~"=,,,~:r .
~
i ~;;
~~~';:DE .. ~ -~5i-
~
~
... ~
~s
"w ;<>. ! :Ilo ~"=~5O~Sll"
:r ~-.::
::~r~~'ri°.!l'!i
-.;s~~=1-,,~~i~
;I;
"llco."-,,"2= )0
;;iS8.!~ ~;~ .... :;;
.
.. " 0 - ..
:::" ,,'" 1: ~ S :!
,,~S "88"-8
.~§ ...
-f~g 1--1;"-
J
~~~iiUi~
o ; . oH';j~ll:!lg1:i
~:!;o:,,:~ "'i~~8.
-g .. '!:Ss.]:SI~~~o;
0.=2:._5.
"""- - g'-
NOTE
u
E
~5
"l'"
~f
§'ii" :9
J
-coo:!!i"
.. °'Oìe-l
S;:i~'1l:~ ~ ~
"'=~45~ ~
,S ..~"'Ji~Oi
8:!i!! e ~ ·1'1
~~~~d;
,~2:;o~:Sl!~
~.:!E- °5':
:!! .. .. .l!.J!'", ..
2:.Si
>z.c
.c.., 'ii ~ g io..
e:.:Ol'i~Sie. o
o
8 ~J-; o
,
~f,;i:: h~ ,
•,
,,
"••
••
•
~ g•
Il ~
li"'''
-o
of the marker beacon indicator lights. When the switch is placed in the
~_:!l!
-
~
••o -g5'<:~
... ,,=
center (DAY) position, the indicator lights will show full bright. When this
,,-~~
"~,,
i_ 11 5!';
switch is placed in the up (NITE) position, the lights are set to a reduced
-
";"'-;:~~8
M_
.... ---,t
ì!.!S--=
level for typical night operations and can be further adjusted using the
_cC:!l"~
a.c_"'1l1=
.. ~ 51:,-" ..
all lamps (except the ARC light in the NAV indicators) which are
1
oC5~o i "
!l-Cl-~
.EO~-
• 5H~t~~h
3.'!'<>.{_. H~
iii.~"'.!~-'<>'_
·"è~-()"O
0;"0
c ... -;
"Sw-
" ..
.. ..,- .=,,:dl
"'_ c =~ "c..,.
!!.2
ll,,"fil ,,=
."
col!'
'"
_g'
•O ~1i~JH~
Jl':!- ·~-.::s!l_
controlled by the switch to the full bright level to verify lamp operation.
H-5;i S;.~.
.. 5",>--~"-'" z
-:r- z
o ,,-~< c o
o
o
§g:;;-;;",s. ; <s o
•
e
SIDETONE OPERATION
1
~
'li
"
u
~
-
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audio control panel, be aware that if the sidetone volume level is set too
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On &lrpl"".,.
airplanes with m .. rII.e. beacon
wllll marker recelve .... sldeto""
-...... receivers, Ls provided
sidetone is provlded in
iD
bot.b the ap6&ller
both speaker and
&Od headset ""'Y'lme the
belOdH\ anytime lb. COM AUTO ",LIICW'
selector noilC.b.
switch isLs
Placln,. the
"1111_. Placing
utilized. AUTO selector
\he COM AUTO ",1_••switch
W\teh In
in Ihe
the O", poe.llion w1ll
OFF position will
ellmln... sidetone.
eliminate SI""to...
el<leton.. Sidetone internal 1
adju.t ..... n .. "are
ln ....... adjustments ... "v ..llo.bl.1O
available to the pUOI
tbfI pilot
Ih ..... gt> the
through Ih. front
'ront DI Ih....
of the dlo control
audio conlml panel .... ,igu
pUl.1 ((see ... 7·10).
figure AdJ"S\meo,
7-10). Adjustment
ccan
... beboI made
m""", by removing Ib ••
........ V"'II the ppropri ... plug-button
appropriate pl"ll·butlo .. from Ih• •
lrom the audio
udio
control panel
oonlrol (left button
p" ....1 (I.tl buttOIl for
lo. headset
bcedMt adjustment
o.dj",tm"'l and
.... d right
"lIbl button
bullon for lo.
,,_Ile. adjustment),
speaker adJ ..'tme .. I). inserting
l''Hrt1n, a• small
amaU screwdriver IDIO the
ICrowd.lver into adJualal~ ..1
\be adjustment
""",nllom..., and
potentiometer &IId rotating
1'0\.&110. it cIOClrW\.. to I
Il clockwise n _ the
increase Ihe .Ideto voi .."",
.... volume
sidetone
lav.l.
level.
MICROPHONE-HEADSET
M ICROPHQNE· HEAOSET INSTALLATIONS
INSTAlLATIONS
Th ..... types
Three 'YP"" of
DI microphone-headset
...... nd .. n:I system
standard
mlcrophone·head,,1 installations
.y... m provided
provldtod with
.. llh avionics
"vlonlc. equipment
offel'tld. Tbol
are offered.
Inswlat!ons ""'
l<Iulpm.nllnclu<le
includes••
The
hand-b.ld
a hand-held
-
mlempho,", and
microphone &IId separate Mad.. l The
"'p••• 1II headset. Th. keying
k.ylng.wlLch ID' this
switch for mlcmphDn.
.hL. microphone
is on the
i. Dn \h. microphone.
mieroph"" •. Two optional
TWo"pli"n ..1microphone-headset
"'lerophD.... h...d .. t installations are
ln.t.II.UDn .....
also
aloo available;
avall.blu: these
Il>tr... feature
lui"," a...
single-unit
;nklo·uD;1 microphone-headset
m;eropbo"".he""'''''t combina
combino.-
lioll which
tion whlelt permits
p"nniLs the
Uw pilot IO conduct
pUOI to oond"~1 radio oommunlcaUon. wll.houl
communications without
;nterruptin, other
interrupting oUler control opo ... lloll, to
ooo~1 operations handlo a hand-held
\O handle b .. nd·hold microphone.
111lcropllo"e.
One mlornphone· he~OI combination
One microphone-headset oombl".lIon is offered without
11 oflered Wl1hDUI a.. padded
paddod headset
bcad ....1
~nd the
and .h. other
Olher version
"" ... 100 has a padded
h ..... pedde(! headset. The microphone-headset
t,Ud"'l Th. mlorophono·boad ... ,
cnmbln .. Uon. utilize
combinations uti ti. . a.... mote keying
remote k.yln,.",Uch 10"..18<1 on the
switch located Ih. left (r'Ip of
I.ll grip o, the
tbo
pllol '. control
pilot's ""nlm! wheel.
wh ... l. The
The microphone
m\<:rophon. and
ud headset
hud •• , jacks
Jac ll ....... 1"".Led on the
are located Ut.
P'8<I<o~tal below
pedestal boIlow the
\h. instrument
In."·u",.'" panel.
pa"el. Audio
Audio to all three
IO .U lh._ headsets I~
h.ado.... is
coIIIJ'OIl«l by
controlled by the
th.l individual .\ldlo selector
individuo.! audio "t.eto. switches
, w;"'h .... nd adjusted
and lo.
o.d.jwtted for
Ic~l by
,'Olumo level
volume by using
""ln, the 801.e1Cd receiver
Ibe selected l'O{)tl"". volume oo .. trol •.
volume controls.
N<nE
NOTE
n
When
Wh.n transmitting,
".nemlllln,. the
Ihe pilot
ptio' should
,hcmld key
koy the
Ute microphone,
",lompllo....
pl • .,. the
place Ut. microphone
mlerophon. .as. close
01_ as.. possible to the
pOMlbl. to Iho lips
IIpe and
&JId
.""aIt
speak directly
dlrwctly into
Into it.
Il
STATIC
STATI C DISCHARGERS
OI SC HA RGE RS
fnq .....1 IFR
II frequent
If lFR flights
Oi«bta are
..... planned, ln.,&U.tlnn of
pl&llned. installation wlell.typIo static
of wick-type atatlc
dladl~'" is
dischargers bo recommended
reoommoll<ltd to
1<1 improve
hnprva radio
radiD communications
oommunicat.iD'" during
d"nnt:
flight
marhl through
Lhmu,h dust
dutt or
Or various
vul"". forms et:
lo"". of precipitation
p....clpl •• liDI' (rain,
(n'D, snow
.""'" or ice
o .;.,.
,-"
7-36 11 July
J"'1y 1979
11179 —
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MODEL 152 AIRPLANE & SYSTEMS DESCRIPTIONS
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crystals). Under these conditions, the build-up and discharge of static
electricity from the trailing edges of the wings, rudder, elevator, propeller
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tips, and radio antennas can result in loss of usable radio signals on all
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g~--'
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'ò 2,!!r:';j
,,-e-oli
:r
.5 "'g-<3
•, ""ooil;
::::.!Oitl
••o 1."5-
._-ii
.,;hsi
to be affected and VHF communication equipment is the last to be affected.
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Installation of static dischargers reduces interference from precipita
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tion static, but it is possible to encounter severe precipitation static
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conditions which might cause the loss of radio signals, even with static
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dischargers installed. Whenever possible, avoid known severe precipita
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h;g~ .:l:i~~l
~~t
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a~~il .... :
l :
3~5~";i :h.a$~~
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".si - 3 .. "
.
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signals while in these areas.
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