REVIEWER IN RESEARCH IN DAILY LIFE 1

Research - the manipulation of generalizing, extending, correcting, or verifying

knowledge

Paradigm (Plato, 28 AD) - a distinct set of concepts or thought patterns

Paradigm Shift (Kuhn, 1962) - a “shift”, change or movement in ideologies

Positivism – a philosophy centering on empirical studies

Post-Modernism – a philosophy which states that the truth is “relative”

IMRaD (Introduction, Methodology, Results and Discussion) – 4-chapter research

study; mainly used for dissertations and/or baby thesis

Standard Research Format – 5-chapter research study

Theoretical Framework (General Model) – the foundation of the study

Conceptual Framework (Input-Process-Output) – the map of the study

QUALITIES OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH

Conclusive
 easy to draw generalizations because irrelevant situations are controlled
Objective
 controls subjectivity and personal prejudice
 opinions, personal experiences, and biases are controlled and tested by methods
and techniques
Parsimonious
 requires only minimum difficulty, effort, and cost
Purposive
 does not accumulate unstructured observations unlike common sense
 eliminates irrelevancy in research processes
Replicable
 can be studied and repeated again by another researcher to reveal more and
more
 generates greater trust and reliability on repeated findings
Systematic
 follows a specific organization
 done or acting according to a fixed plan or system; methodical
TYPES OF DATA

Primary Data - obtained through direct observation

Secondary Data – obtained from available resources

APPROACHES TO RESEARCH

Naturalistic Approach - An approach that tells how people behave toward their
surroundings

Triangulation Approach - A combination of scientific and naturalistic approach

TYPES OF QUALITATIVE RESEARCH

Phenomenological Study - Describes how human beings experience a specific event

Case Study - Involves a long-time study of a person, group, organization, or situation

Grounded Theory - Aims to provide an explanation or theory behind the events

Ethnography - The study of a particular cultural group to develop an understanding of

its lifestyle and internal operations

Content Discourse Analysis - Requires an analysis or examination of the substance

or content of the mode of communication

Narrative Study - Occurs over extended periods of time and weaves together a series
of events
 GENERAL MODEL

ideology
PHILOSOPHY
school of thought

THEORY

PRINCIPLE

APPROACH

METHOD

STRATEGY

TECHNIQUE

The General Model depicts the foundation of certain concepts in creating

a scientific research study. It states that everything begins with a
philosophical underpinning which then continues on to build a theory
with certain principles. This then goes on to provide an approach
appropriate to gather data for the said theory until it continues on to build
methods, strategies, and techniques to create a scientific research.