Professional Documents
Culture Documents
PENGERTIAN
(METODE) PENELITIAN
PENGERTIAN PENELITIAN
2
Research ?
An activity that contributes to the understanding of
a phenomenon [kuhn, 1962; lakatos, 1978]
Phenomenon: a set of behaviors of some entity(ies) that is
found interesting by a research community
Understanding: knowledge that allows prediction of the
behavior of some aspect of the phenomenon
Activities considered appropriate to the production of
understanding (knowledge) are the research methods and
techniques of a research community
Paradigmaticvs multi-paradigmatic communities
(agreement on phenomena of interest and research
methods)
5
Kerlinger
Investigasi yang sistematis, terkontrol, empiris & kritis
dari suatu proposal hipotesis mengenai hubungan
tertentu antar fenomena (1986)
Suatu proses pencarian kebenaran ataupun
pembuktian terhadap fenomena yang dihadapi dengn
melalui prosedur kerja tertentu
Suatu cara yang ditempuh/dilakukan melalui metode
ilmiah dengan tujuan untuk meramalkan, mengontrol,
dan menjelaskan gejala-gejala yang teramati guna
mendapatkan kebenaran.
6
WHAT IS “METHOD”?
• Human Inquiry
• Inaccurate Observation
• Overgeneralization
• Selective observation
• Ex Post Facto Hypothesizing
• Ego Involvement in Understanding
• Premature Closure of Inquiry
• Mystification
• Human error
16