Sedimentation

&GAC Filtration
Bethel Daine A. Abestano, RChE
September 22, 2018
SEDIMENTATION
 SEDIMENTATION
Solid particles are kept in suspension in
water, as long as it flows with sufficient velocity
and turbulence.
Sedimentation removes floc by slowing the
flow of water and decreasing turbulence. The
heavier floc particles drop to the bottom and
clarified water is collected from the top for
filtration.
 SEDIMENTATION
• Solids settle based on their gravitational force
(with and without externally added
chemicals).
• Settling depend on solid physical
characteristics (i.e. diameter, density) and
medium temperature, viscosity, density,
etc.
 SEDIMENTATION
The material accumulated at the bottom of
the tank is called sludge; this is removed for
disposal.
 SEDIMENTATION BASINS
INFLUENT ZONE:
-decreases the velocity of the incoming
water and distributes the flow evenly across the
basin;
 SEDIMENTATION BASINS
SETTLING ZONE:
-provides the calm area necessary for the
suspended material to settle;
 SEDIMENTATION BASINS
EFFLUENT ZONE:
-provides a smooth transition from the
settling zone to the effluent flow area
 SEDIMENTATION BASINS
SLUDGE ZONE:
-where settled solids are separated from
other particles in the settling zone
 SEDIMENTATION BASINS
1. Rectangular
- water flows across a rectangular basin;
2. Circular
- Can be either center-fed or perimeter-fed; The
water is introduced to the clarifier in the
center or on the perimeter, where the water is
allowed to flow unperturbed throughout the
basin
GRANULAR ACTIVATED CARBON
(GAC) FILTRATION
 ACTIVATED CARBON
- A form of carbon processed to have
small, low-volume pores that increase
the surface area available for adsorption
or chemical reactions
- Depending on size, AC can be classified
into Powdered activated carbon (PAC)
and Granular activated carbon (GAC)
Wastewater in the reactor
ACTIVATED CARBON
Microscopic Pores in AC
for adsorption

Organic compounds gets

adsorped or ‘trapped’ on
the surface of AC due to
Vader Wal forces.

GAC particles have sizes ranging from

0.2 to 5 mm;
PAC may act as a coagulant for
colloidal fractions in the liquid phase
 GAC moves the
organic compounds
present in the
waste water
through adsorption
process and thus
separates the OC
from water.
 APPLICATION OF AC
Activated carbon finds a wide application in
the treatment of wastewaters generated from
industries such as food, textile, chemical,
pharmaceutical, pesticides and herbicides
production, coke plant, petroleum refineries, and
storage installations, organic pigments and dyes,
mineral processing plants, insecticides, pesticides,
resins, detergents, and explosives.
It is also employed in the treatment of
sanitary and hazardous landfill leachates.