Mapúa University

School of Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering

8 : 1 Multiplexer

A Research Paper
presented to Engr. Carlos Hortinela IV.
Mapúa University

In Partial Fulfillment of the

requirements in Discrete Mathematics
(CPE111/A15)

By:
Gonzaga
Navalta
Simbulan

February 1, 2019
 Chapter 1
1.1 Design Background and Information
Combinational circuit is a circuit where different gates in the circuit are combined.
Examples of Combinational circuits are encoder, decoder, multiplexer and demultiplexer.
Combinational Circuits have unique characteristics: (1) The output of combinational circuit at
any instant of time, depends only on the levels present at input terminals (2) The combinational
circuit do not use any memory (3) The previous state of input does not have any effect on the
present state of the circuit (4) A combinational circuit can have an n number of inputs and m
number of outputs.

A multiplexer is a combinational circuit that selects binary information from one to many
input lines and directs it to a single output line. Multiplexer is also called as data selector.
Multiplexers can be either digital circuits made from high speed logic gates used to switch
digital or binary data or they can be analog types using transistors, or relays to switch one of
the voltage or current inputs through to a single output. Multiplexer have different types. The
2:1 , 4:1, 8:1. The selection of particular input line is controlled by a set of selection lines. The
selection line determines which of the input bit is transmitted to the output.

The 8:1 multiplexer requires 8 AND gates, one OR gate and 3 selection lines. The
combination of selection inputs is encoded to the AND gate with the corresponding input data
lines and all the AND gates are given connection. In an 8:1 multiplexer, for any selection line
input, one AND gate gives a value of 1 and the remaining all AND gates give 0. And, finally, by
using OR gate, all the AND gates are added; and, this will be equal to the selected value.

1.2 Objectives
The objective of the project is to create an 8:1 Multiplexer that accepts inputs and
produce an output, based from the input, that will produce light through the LED. The project
aims to understand and apply the different lessons and concepts learned through the 8:1
Multiplexer that was created.

1.3 Scopes and Delimitation

The projects aim to create a prototype of an 8:1 Multiplexer with the function of
receiving 8 inputs and 3 inverters that produced a single output and only the lessons covered
during the course was applied. The project used Integrated Circuits (IC) namely NOT Gate
(7404) and OR Gate (7432), and AND Gate (7408) for the producing the output. The prototype
that was created using Breadboards, Jumper wires, switches, and a battery. Only different
combinations of input and inverters was recorded as inputs and the output that was recorded
was the LED light. The circuit simulator used for the schematic diagram of the prototype is
Circuit Wizard v1.5.

Chapter 2
 Design Methodology and Procedure
2.1 Information Gathering
The researchers have researched and studied concepts of combinational circuits and
multiplexer for the researchers to have background knowledge in building the prototype of an
8:1 Multiplexer. The concept of input and output and the logical truth table was studied during
the research phase. Components of the prototype were searched and a sample schematic
diagram of the model was used for the creation of the prototype. The researchers listed
different type of Integrated Circuits which was used in the sample model of the 8:1 Multiplexer.
The Integrated Circuits used in an 8:1 Multiplexer are 7404 (NOT Gate), 7408 (AND Gate), and
7432 (OR Gate). To combine and test the knowledge and sample model gathered from different
sources, the researchers used a circuit simulator called “Circuit Wizard” and input the sample
8:1 multiplexer schematic diagram. The schematic diagram of the 8:1 Multiplexer worked in
Circuit Wizard which made the start of the creation of the prototype possible.

2.2 Preparations of Materials

The following materials were used for the prototypes: four (4) Breadboards, Jump
wires, one (1) LED, eleven (11) 3-Pin slide switches, one (1) 220-Ohms Resistor, 7404 (NOT
Gate), a 7408 (AND Gate), a 7432 (OR Gate), and a 9V Battery. The prototype is then started
immediately as soon as the mentioned materials were gathered and prepared.

2.3 Connections of the Logic Gates

Using the schematic diagram that was constructed the researcher connected the logic
gates with jumper wires. For the connections of the inputs (1-8), selection switches (1-3) and
AND gate (1-4) the following are connected: Input (1) to the pin (1) of AND gate 1, pin (2) of
NOT gate to the pin (2) of AND gate 1, pin (4) of NOT gate to pin (4) of AND gate 1, pin (6) of
NOT gate to pin (5) of AND Gate 1, input (2) to the pin (9) of AND gate 1, pin (2) of NOT gate to
the pin (10) of AND gate1, pin (4) of NOT gate to the pin (12) of AND gate 1, switch1 to the pin
(13) of AND gate1, input (3) to pin (2) of AND gate 2, pin (2) of NOT gate to the pin (2) of AND
gate2, switch 2 to the pin (4) of AND gate 2, pin (6) of NOT gate to the pin (5) of AND gate 2,
input (4) to the pin (9) of AND gate2, pin (2) of NOT gate to the pin (9) of AND gate 2, input 2 to
the pin (12) of AND gate2, switch 1 to the pin (13) of AND gate 2, input (5) to the pin (1) of AND
gate3, input (left) to the pin (2) of AND gate 3, pin (2) of NOT gate to the pin (4) of AND gate 3,
pin (6) of NOT gate to the pin (5) of AND gate 3, input (6) to the pin (9) of AND gate 3, switch 3
to the pin (10) of AND gate3, pin (4) of NOT gate to the pin (12) of NOT gate 3, switch 1 to the
pin (13) of AND gate3, input (7) to the pin (1) of AND gate 4, switch 3 to the pin (2) of AND
gate4, switch 2 to the pin (4) of AND gate 4, pin (6) of NOT gate to the pin (5) of AND gate 4,
input (8) to the pin (9) of AND gate 4, switch 3 to the pin (10) of AND gate 4, switch 2 to the pin
(12) of AND gate4 and switch (1) to the pin (13) of AND gate4.
For the connections of AND gate (1-4) and AND Gate (5-6) the following are connected:
Pin (3) of AND gate1 to the pin (1) of AND gate5, pin (6) of AND gate1 to the pin (2) of AND
gate5, pin (8) of AND gate 1 to the pin (4) of AND gate 5, pin (11) of AND gate 1 to the pin (5) of
AND gate5, pin (3) of AND gate2 to the pin (9) of AND gate5, pin (6) of AND gate2 to the pin
(10) of AND gate5, pin (8) of AND gate2 to the pin (12) of AND gate5, pin (11) of AND gate2 to
the pin (13) of AND gate5, pin (3) of AND gate3 to the pin (1) of AND gate 6, pin (6) of AND
gate3 to the pin (2) of AND gate 6, pin (8) of AND gate3 to the pin (4) of AND gate6, pin (11) of
AND gate3 to the pin (5) of AND gate 6, pin (3) of AND gate4 to the pin (9) of AND gate6, pin (6)
of AND gate4 to the pin (10) of AND gate 6, pin (8) of AND gate 4 to the pin (12) of AND gate 6
and pin (11) of AND gate 4 to the pin (13) of AND gate6.
For the connections of AND Gate(5-6) and OR Gate (1) the following are connected: pin
(3) of AND gate5 to the pin (1) of OR gate 1 pin (6) of AND gate5 to the pin (2) of OR gate 1, pin
(8) of AND gate5 to the pin (4) of OR gate 1 , pin (11) of AND gate 5 to the pin (5) of OR gate 1,
pin (3) of AND gate6 to the pin (9) of OR gate 1, pin (6) of AND gate 6 to the pin (10) of OR
gate1, pin (8) of AND gate 6 to the pin(12) OR gate 1, pin (11) of AND gate 6 to the pin (13) of OR
gate1
For the connection of OR Gate 1 , OR Gate1 and LED the following are connected: pin (3)
of OR gate1 to the pin (1) of OR gate 2, pin (6) of OR gate1 to the pin 2 of OR gate 2, pin (8) of
OR Gate1 to pin (4) of OR gate1, pin (11) of OR Gate1 to pin (5) of OR gate2, pin (3) of OR gate2
to pin (9) of OR Gate2, pin(6) of OR gate2 to pin (10) of OR gate2, Pin (8) of OR gate 2 to the
Anode of LED.
For the ground connections, the ground are connected to the pin (7) of AND gates, NOT
gates, OR gates, and Cathode of LED.

2.4 Switch Connections

The switch that was utilized is an SPDT slide switch. For this switch, the inputs were
connected at the middle. The ground is connected to the right pin and the power source is
connected to the left pin.

2.5 Schematic Diagram

Figure 2.1 : The Schematic Diagram of 8 to 1 Multiplexer

C. Manual operation of the project.

The 8:1 Multiplexer have 8 input switches and 3 selection switches and a single LED
output. The 3 selection switches and the 8 input switches can input either a value of 1 and 0.
The input of the selection switches and 8 input switches are controlled by a rocker switch which
understand the logical value of “1” and “O”. The operation of the 8:1 Multiplexer is dependent
on flipping the switch where different possible outcomes may occur which is dependent on the
input of the user.
The main instructions that for the operation of the 8:1 Multiplexer are as follows:
An understanding of the truth table for the 8:1 Multiplexer is needed for obtaining the
possible results of the project.
The user shall flip the switch of one or more of the selection switches and based from
the logical truth table, compare the which of the switches was flipped wherein the value of the
flipped switch is “1” while the value of the unflipped switch is “0” in the truth table
After finding the logical value of the selection switches in the truth table, the
corresponding output will determine the input switch that will be flipped to make its logical
value “1”.
If both selection switches and input switches match a row in the truth table, the 8:1
Multiplexer will show an LED output where the LED will light.
Sources:
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/327867205_Design_Implementation_of_41_M
ultiplexer_for_Reversible_ALU_using_QCA

https://people.cs.clemson.edu/~yfeaste/855Assignments/presentations/Team6-
Combinational%20Logic%20Circuit.pdf
https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multiplexer
https://www.tutorialspoint.com/computer_logical_organization/pdf/combinational_circuits
.pdf