17

Practice Set 2

This Paper “Practice Set 2” is taken from our:

ISBN : 9789386629036
18

PRACTICE SET 2
INSTRUCTIONS
1. There are a total of 65 questions carrying 100 marks. Duration of the set is 3 hrs.
2. This question paper consists of 2 sections, General Aptitude (GA) for 15 marks and the subject specific
GATE paper for 85 marks. Both these sections are compulsory.
3. The GA section consists of 10 questions. Question numbers 1 to 5 are of 1-mark each, while question numbers 6 to
10 are of 2-marks each. The subject specific GATE paper section consists of 55 questions, out of which question
numbers 11 to 35 are of 1-mark each, while question numbers 36 to 65 are of 2-marks each.
4. Questions are of Multiple Choice Question (MCQ) or Numerical Answer type. A multiple choice question will have
four choices for the answer with only one correct choice. For numerical answer type questions, the answer is a number
and no choices will be given.
5. Questions not attempted will result in zero mark. Wrong answers for multiple choice type questions will result in
1
NEGATIVE marks. For all 1 mark questions, mark will be deducted for each wrong answer. For all 2 marks questions,
3
2
mark will be deducted for each wrong answer..
3
6. There is NO NEGATIVE MARKING for questions of NUMERICAL ANSWER TYPE.

GENERAL APTITUDE (c) somewhat better than biology to shape human

QUESTION 1 TO 5 CARRY ONE MARK EACH
1. Choose the best word to fill the blank.
Tony found Isaac’s public declarations of his love for her
_______ and embarrassing.
(a) necrotic (b) intriguing
(c) witless (d) malodorous
2. Choose the best word to fill the blank.
The young kitten had a _______ look on its face when
it noticed the menacing dog entering the yard.
(a) servile (b) diligent
(c) scornful (d) pavid
3. Replace the underlined portion with the phrase that best
completes the sentence. If the sentence is correct as is,
choose (a). With her book Coming of Age in Samoa,
anthropologist Margaret Mead emphasized the role of
culture, rather than biology, in shaping human behavior.
(a) rather than biology, in shaping human behavior.
(b) rather than biology with shaping human behavior.
behavior.
(d) in shaping human behavior, and not biology.
4. Find the statement that must be true according to the
given information.
Last summer, Mohan spent two weeks at a summer camp.
There, he went hiking, swimming, and canoeing. This
summer, Mohan looks forward to attending a two-week
music camp, where he hopes to sing, dance, and learn to
play the guitar.
(a) Mohan's parents want him to learn to play the guitar.
(b) Mohan prefers music to outdoor activities.
(c) Mohan goes to some type of camp every summer.
(d) Mohan likes to sing and dance.
5. For the following sentences, choose the sentence that
contains a misspelled word. If there are no mistakes,
choose answer (d).
(a) We were dissatisfied with the results of the experiment.
(b) Our office has a plentiful supply of staples.
(c) Stringent controls were placed on the county's
budget.
(d) no mistake
 19
QUESTION 6 TO 10 CARRY TWO MARKS EACH
TECHNICAL SECTION
6. Most Reality TV centers are two common motivators:
fame and money. The shows transform waitresses,
QUESTION 11 TO 35 CARRY ONE MARK EACH
hairdressers, investment bankers, counselors, and teachers,
to name a few, from obscure figures to household names. 11. The z-transform of an cos nq is
A lucky few successfully parlay their fifteen minutes of
fame into celebrity. The luckiest stars of Reality TV also ( z - a cos q) z ( z - a)
(a) (b)
reap huge financial rewards for acts including eating large z 2 - 2 za cos q z 2 - 2 za + a2
insects, marrying someone they barely know, and revealing
their innermost thoughts to millions of people. z ( z - a cos q)
(c) (d) None of these
This paragraph best supports the statement that z - 2 za cos q + a2
2

(a) the stars of Reality TV are interested in being rich

and famous. é 8 x 0ù
ê ú
(b) reality TV is the best thing that has happened to 12. Matrix ê 4 0 2 ú will become singular, if value of x is
network television in a long time. êë12 6 0 úû
(c) for Reality TV stars, fame will last only as long as
their particular television show. 13. The number of vertices of odd degree is always
(d) traditional dramas and sitcoms are being replaced by (a) even number (b) odd number
Reality TV programming at an alarming rate. (c) prime number (d) zero
7. Four defensive football players are chasing the opposing 14. There are 9 objects and 9 boxes. Out of 9, 5 objects cannot
wide receiver, who has the ball. Chand is directly behind fit to be put in 3 small boxes. How many arrangements can
the ball carrier. Jolly and Bhim are side by side behind
Chand. Zubin is behind Jolly and Bhim. Chand tries for be made, such that each object can be put in one box only?
the tackle but misses and falls. Bhim trips. Which 15. From a box containing 4 white and 6 black balls. 3 balls are
defensive player tackles the receiver? transferred to another empty box. From new box a ball is
(a) Bhim (b) Zubin drawn and it is black. What is the probability that out of 3
(c) Jolly (d) Chand balls transferred 2 are white and one black?
8. Sunil left Jaipur to drive to Delhi at 6:15 p.m. and arrived (a) 1/4 (b) 1/5
at 11:45 p.m. If he averaged 30 miles per hour and stopped (c) 1/6 (d) 1/7
one hour for dinner, how far is Delhi from Jaipur ? 16. For a transform coupled power amplifier maximum theoretical
(a) 100 (b) 135 efficiency will be ________ %.
(c) 180 (d) 202 17. The relation exist between the circuit magnification factor
9. Choose which pair of numbers comes next ?
Qo the resonant frequency fo and bandwidth D f
8 11 21 15 18 21 22
fo Df
(a) 25 18 (b) 25 21 (a) Q = (b) Q =
(c) 25 29 (d) 24 21 Df fo
10. When an earthquake occurs, some of the energy released
travels through the ground as waves. Two general types fo f o2
(c) Q = (d) Q =
of waves are generated. One type is called the P wave, Df 2 Df
and the other is called the S wave. A graph can be made 18. In the Smith chart, the normalised impedance is same for
of the travel times of these waves. (a) l distance (b) l/2 distance
P wave l
S wave (c) distance (d) 2l distance
25 4
19. The polar plot of a type-1 and order-3,open loop system is
Travel Time (minutes)

20
shown in the figure. The close loop system is
15
Im (s)
10

0
1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 6,000 7,000 8,000 9,000 10,000
Distance from Epicenter (kilometers)
w® 0
–1.42 Re (s)
How many minutes does it take the S wave to travel 5,500
kilometers ?
(a) 15 minutes (b) 20 minutes
(c) 25 minutes (d) 30 minutes
w® 0
20
(a) always stable 26. The low frequency gain of the low pass filter in dB shown
(b) marginally stable in the given figure is __________.
(c) unstable with one pole on the RH s-plane
R = 100 kW
(d) unstable with two pole on the RH s-plane
20. A coil of inductance 200 mH is magnetically coupled to
another coil of inductance 800 mH. The coefficient of
coupling between the coils is 0.05. The inductance if the
two coils are connected in series adding mode in mH is
_____________. C = 0.01mF
1 kW
21. For multiple scattering mechanism, if individual mean free
V1 –
time of scattering are tm1, tm2, ... Then, the effective mean
V2
free path (tm) +
(a) tm = tm1 + tm2 + tm3 + ...
(b) tm = tm1 tm2 tm3 ...

1 1 1 1
(c) = + + + ...
tm tm1 tm2 tm3 27. The image impedance of the network looking form the input
port in W is _________.
(d) tm = tm1 . tm2 . tm3 ...
22. In a star/delta connection, the turns ratio is x : 1, if primary 100 W 100 W
line voltage is V and the current is I then, secondary line + +
voltage and the line current will be
V I V
(a) , (b) , I 3x
x x 3x V1 Z3 400 W V2

I
(c) V 3x, (d) V 3x, I 3x
3x – –
23. A Q-meter with insertion resistance of 0.2 W is used to
measure the inductance of coil. Resonance occurs at an 28. A network is shown below
angular frequency of 106 rad/s with a capacitor of 80 PF. 3W
The inductance of the coil is _________mH. A B E H
5 VX +
+ 12V
–
5A
2W 2W
– 10 V
+
+ 10W
+ 95kW D C F 3W G
– 12V The voltage across AF in volt is _________.
Vin V0 29. Consider the system described by
5kW
é x&1 ù é 1 1ù é x1 ù é0 ù
ê& ú = ê ú ê ú + ê úU
– ë x2 û ë -2 -1û ë x2 û ë1 û

24. Minimum number of NAND gates are required to implement éx ù

y = [1 0] ê 1 ú
the following Boolean equation, by taking inputs as A, B, ë x2 û
C, D, E, F is ____________. The system is
F = AC + DF+ BC + EC (a) controllable and not observable
25. An auto-transformer having 1250 turns is connected across (b) uncontrollable and observable
a 250 V AC supply. What secondary voltage will be obtained (c) controllable and observable
if a tap is taken at 900th turn? (d) uncontrollable and not observable
 21
30. The system is controllable for what values of a, b and c will the contact of the shit register become 1010 again?
______ ?
é x& 1 ù é 0 1 0 ù é x1 ù é0ù
ê x& ú = ê 0 0 1 úú êê x 2 úú + êê0úú u
ê 2ú ê
êë x& 3 úû êë -a -b -c úû êë x 3 úû êë1 úû
(a) a ¹ 0, b = 0 and c = 0
(b) a = 0 and any value of b and c
34. In the voltage doubler circuit shown in the figure, the switch
(c) for any value of a and b, c = 0
S is closed at t = 0. Assuming diodes D1 and D2 to be ideal,
(d) for any value of a, b and c
load resistance to be infinite and initial capacitor voltage to
31. Which of the following matching is correct?
be zero, the steady voltage capacitor C1 and C2 will be
s
(A) (P)
s +1

1
(B) (Q) (a) VC = 10 V, VC = 5 V (b) VC = 10 V, VC = – 5 V
( s + 1) 2 1 2 1 2
(c) VC = 5 V, VC = 10 V (d) VC = 5 V, VC = – 10 V
1 2 1 2
35. A discrete signal y[n] is related to another discrete signal
x[n] given as, y[n] = × [n/2] when n is even. For odd values
of n holds the value of earlier samples. Express z-transform
of y[n] in terms of z-transform of x[n].
(a) X (z2)
1
(C) (R) (b) X (z2) + 1/2 (z+1/z) X ( z)
s ( s + 1) + 1
(c) (1 + z–1) X (z2)
1æ 1ö
(d) X(z 2 ) + ç z + ÷ [X( z ) + X( - z )] if × (0) = 0
4è zø
QUESTIONS 36 TO 65 CARRY 2 MARKS EACH
1 p
(D) (S)
s2 + 1 36. ò xF ( sin x ) dx is equal to
0

p p
p
F ( sin x )dx (b) p ò F ( sin x )dx
(a) 2ò
0 0

(a) A-P, B-Q, C-S, D-R (b) A-Q, B-R, C-S, D-P p p
p p
F ( sin x ) dx F ( sin x )dx
3ò 4ò
(c) A-P, B-Q, C-R, D-S (d) A-R, B-S, C-Q, D-P (c) (d)
32. Three devices A, B and C have to be connected to a 8085 0 0
microprocessor. Device 4 has the highest priority and device
dz
C has the lowest priority. In this context which of the
following is correct assignment of interrupt inputs?
37. Value of the I = ò z 2 - 1 , if where c is the circle x2 + y2 = 4
c
(a) A uses TRAP, B uses RST 5.5 and C uses RST 6.5 is ___________.
(b) A uses RST 7.5, B uses RST 6.5 and C uses RST 5.5 38. Using the Newton-Raphson method, find the first
(c) A uses RST 5.5, B uses RST 6.5 and C uses RST 7.5 approximation of the function f (x) =xex –2 upto three places
(d) A uses RST 5.5, B uses RST 6.5 and C uses TRAP of decimals with x0 = 1.
33. The shift register is shown in figure is initially loaded with 39. The table gives the values of a function f (x) corresponding
the bit pattern 1010. Subsequently the shift register is clocked the values of x at the interval of one.
and with each clock pulse, the pulse gets shifted by one bit
x 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
position to right with each shift, the bit at the serial is pushed
to the left most position (msb). After how many clock pulses f (x) 1 0.5 0.2 0.1 0.0588 0.0385 0.027
22
1 input Vi and current i are related by
Using the Simpson's rd . The value of the function
3 d 2 Vi (t)
between 0 to 6 is _____ . (a) i=
dt 2
1
3z 2 - z
4 , z > 4 . The time dVi (t)
40. Given Z-transform, X ( z ) = (b) i=4
2
z - 16 dt
signal x(t) will be
t
é 49 n 47 n ù é 49 n 47 n ù i = 0.5 ò V, (x)dx
(a) êë 32 ( -4 ) + 32 4 úû u [ n ] (b) êë 32 4 + 32 4 úû u [ n ] (c)
0

49 47 t l
(c) ( -4 ) n u [ - n ] + 4 n u [ n ] (d) i = 0.25 æç ò ò Vi (x)dx ö÷ dl
32 32 è 00 ø
49 n 47
4 u [ n ] + ( -4) u [ - n ]
n
(d) 45. If each stage had a gain of 10 dB, and noise figure of 10 dB,
32 32 then the overall noise figure of a two-stage cascade amplifier
41. Consider the signal x(t), shown in fig. let h(t) denotes the will be ___________.
impulse response the filter-matched to x(t) with h(t) being 46. Consider the following circuit consisting of D-flip flops
non-zero only in the interval 0 to 4 sec. The slope of h(t) in
the interval 3 < t < 4 sec is __________.
x(t)

1 D Q1 D Q2 D Q3 D Q4

1 2 3 4

Clk
0 1 2 3 4 t(sec)
Output
–1 The circuit generates a sequence. Initially all flip-flops are
cleared. The generated sequence is
(a) 0011110 (b) 111010
42. A system has the following transfer function: (c) 001111 (d) 11010
47. Consider the following oscillator operating at 300 C
100 (s + 5)( s + 50 )
G (s) = R = 10 kW L = 5 mH
(
s 4 (s + 10 ) s 2 + 3s + 10 ) C = 22 mF I = 5 mA

The type and order of the system are respectively VCC = 12 V

(a) 4 and 9 (b) 4 and 7
(c) 5 and 7 (d) 7 and 5 RC
43. The intermediate frequency of a superheat receiver is 450
KHz if it is tuned to 1200 KHz, the image frequency will be
___________.
44. Consider the following op-amp circuit

+ R

–
1F 2W 1F
i
Vi 1W 2W

– I L C

+ –VEE
 23
Determine the frequency of oscillation and the condition R2 L2
that must be obeyed by Rc to maintain the oscillation?
Assume b to be very high.
(a) 480 Hz, Rc > 20.88 W (b) 480 Hz, Rc < 20.88 W
+
(c) 480 Hz, Rc > 10.45 W (d) 350 Hz, Rc < 10.45 W
48. A 230 V, 1500 rpm, 20 A separately incited DC motor is fed V +
–
iL R1 VC
from 3-phase full converter. Motor armature resistance is C1 –
0.6W. Full converter is connected to 400 V, 50 H2 source
though a delta star transformer. Motor terminal voltage is
rated when converter firing angle is zero. Calculate the
é -1 1 ù
transformer turns ratio from primary to secondary. é g ù ê é 0 ù
What is per-phase pu values Va, Vb, Vc respectively? ( )
ê 1 ú ê R1C1
x t C1 ú é x1 ù ê ú
ú ê ú + 1 V(t)
49. For a 132 kV system sequence voltage due to a highly (a) ê g ú = ê -1 R ú x ê ú
êë x 2 ( t ) úû ê - 2 ú ë 2 û ëê L 2 ûú
unbalanced load V1 = 0.42 pu, V2 = 0.25 pu, V3 = 0.15 pu. ë L2 L2 û
What is per-phase pu values Va, Vb, Vc respectively?
(a) 0.82 Ð0°, 0.24 Ð + 141.5°, 0.24 Ð – 141.5°
(b) 0.82 Ð0°, 0.24 Ð – 141.5°, 0.24 Ð + 141.5° é -1 1 ù
é g ù ê é0ù
(c) 0.42 Ð0°, 0.25 Ð – 120°, 0.24 Ð + 120° x ( t )
ê 1 ú ê R1C1 C1 ú é x1 ù ê ú
ú ê ú + 1 V(t)
(d) None of these (b) ê g ú = ê -1 R ú x ê ú
50. A first quadrant DC to DC chopper feeds an inductive load ëê x 2 ( t ) ûú ê L - 2 ú ë 2 û ëê L1 ûú
ë 2 L2 û
of 150 Ohms resistance and inductance of 52 mH. The back
emf of 60 V DC from a 360 V DC source. The chopper is
operated at 250 Hz with a 30% ON state duty cycle.
é -1 1 ù
The load average and rms voltages are ég ù ê é 0 ù
ê x ( t ) ú ê R1C2 C2 ú é x1 ù ê ú
(a) 108 V and 197.18 V (b) 105 V and 170.32 V ú 1 V(t)
(c) ê g ú = ê -1 +
R 2 ú ëê x 2 ûú ê ú
(c) 106 V and 187.32 V (d) 104 V and 190.18 V
51. A resistance is to be measured by the voltmeter ammeter ëê x ( t )ûú ê L -
L2 û
ú êë L2 úû
ë 2
method. The voltmeter reading is in 50 V or 100V scale and
ammeter reading is in 50 mA or 100 mA scale. Both the meters
are guranteed for accuracy within 2% of full scale. The limit é -1 1 ù
é g ù ê é 0 ù
within which the resistance can be measured in W is ( )
ê 1 ú ê R1C1
x t C 2 ú é x1 ù ê ú
ú ê ú + 1 V(t)
_______. (d) ê g ú = ê -1 R ú x ê ú
52. For a push-pull class B power amplifier whose circuit êë x 2 ( t ) úû ê - 2 ú ë 2 û êë L 2 úû
ë L2 L2 û
diagram is shown in figure, the efficiency at the time of
maximum power dissipation is ______ . 54. If the field resistance of a DC shunt motor driving a constant
torque load is decreased by 10% and supply voltage is also
decreased by 10%, speed of motor will be approximately
VCC
(a) increases by 10% (b) increase by 21%
Q1 (c) decrease by 10% (d) decreases by 21%
55. The number of NAND gates required to construct Full
Adder, Full Subtractor, Half Adder, Half Subtractor is
(a) 9, 9, 5, 5 (b) 9, 10, 5, 4
(c) 10, 10, 5, 4 (d) 10, 10, 4, 4
56. Consider germanium with an acceptor concentration of Na =
Q2
1015 cm–3 and a donor concentration of Nd = 0 at T = 200 K.
The Fermi energy of the material will be
57. What is the output voltage ‘Vo’ of the R – 2R decoder ladder
53. Which one of the following is the correct state equation for network ?
the network shown in the given figure with x1(t) = Vc(t) and
x2(t) = iL (t) ?
24
2R = 5 ´ 1014 cm–3 is biased in the inverse-active mode. What is
VO the maximum B-C voltage so that the low-injection condition
appplied?
GND R 61. Following figure is a mod-K counter, K is equal to ______.
– + 2R

4V
GND R J Q J Q
2R

GND 2R
1 K Q K Q
GND CLK
58. An amplifier gain changes by ± 10% using negative
feedback, the amplifier is to be modified to yield a gain of 62. A single phase transformer is excited with rated voltage
100 with ± 0.1% variation. Find the required open-loopgain and frequency. The exciting current drawn is given as
of the amplifier and the amount of negative feedback. 2 2 sin wt + 0.8 2 sin 3 wt + 0.5 2 sin 5 wt . A bank of
(a) 0.1, 0.001 (b) 0.1, 0.1
such three transformers is connected in star to a balanced 3
(c) 0.001, 01 (d) 0.1, 0.01
phase, 4 wire system having a line voltage same as the
59. The state space representation of second order system is
· · rated voltage of the transformer. The neutral current in
x1 = –x1 + 4 x 2 = x1 – 2x2 + 4 ampere is ___________.
Consider the following statements regarding the above 63. In two revolving field theory of single phase induction
system. motors, if If and Ib are the rotor currents running due to
1. The system is completely stage controllable. forward and backward fields, then which of the following is
2. If x1 is the output, then the system is completely output correct?
controllable. (a) lf = lb (b) lf < lb
3. If x2 is the output, then the system is completely output (c) lf > lb (d) lf = 2lb
controllable 64. The meter constant of a single-phase energy meter is 500
Which of the following statements are correct? rev/kWh. It is found that with a load of 5 kW, it makes 40
(a) 1, 2 and 3 are correct (b) 1 and 2 are correct revolutions in 50 s, the percentage error is
(c) 2 and 3 are correct (d) 1 and 3 are correct 65. A single phase fully controlled bridge converter feeds
60. A uniformly doped silicon pnp bipolar transistor at T = 300 Assume the load current to be constant and the firing angle
K with dopings of NE = 5 ´ 1017 cm–3, NB = 1016 cm–3 and NC is 45° the input harmonic factor is _______ .
 25

HINTS & SOLUTIONS

1. (c) Witless (adj.) means foolish, indiscreet, or silly. 12. 4. The given matrix will become singular, if
2. (d) Pavid (adj.) means timid or fearful.
3. (a) This sentence requires the comparison between 8 x 0
culture and biology be logical and clear. Option (b) 4 0 2 =0
is wrong because the use of the preposition with
12 6 0
does not observe standard usage conventions. The
phrase somewhat better in option (c) makes no 8 (–12) – x (– 24) = 0
sense. Option (d) result in an unclear comparison. – 96 + 24x = 0
4. (d) It is reasonable to conclude that Mike likes singing x=4
and dancing because he looks forward to doing 13. (a)
these things at music camp. There is no information 14. 17280
that supports any of the other three options. Since, 5 objects cannot fit to be put 3 small boxes, these
5. (a) Dissatisfied 5 objects can be put in the remaining 6 boxes in 6P5
6. (a) This is expressed in the first sentence. Option (b)
ways.
and (d) are not supported by the passage. Option (c)
The remaining 4 objects can be put in 4P4 ways.
is incorrect because the paragraph states that some
Reality TV stars manage to parlay their fifteen \ Total number of arrangement = 6P5 ´ 4P4
minutes of fame into celebrity. = (6 ´ 5 ´ 4 ´ 3 ´ 2) ´ (4 ´ 3 ´ 2 ´ 1)
7. (c) After all the switching was done, Jolly was directly = 720 ´ 24
behind the receiver. Chand and Bhim had fallen, = 17280
remained in the rear. 15. (c) Let A, B, C, D be the event when 0(W) and 3(B); 1(W)
and 2(B); 2(W) and 1(B); 3(W) and 0(B) are transferred
1 to the second box.
8. (b) Total time elapsed is 5 hours. However, one hour
2 Let E be the event of drawing a black ball from the
was used for dinner. Therefore, Sunil drove at 30 second box
1 6
C3 1 4
C1 ´ 6C2 1
mph for 4 hours, covering 135 miles. P(A) = = , P(B) = 10 =
2 10
6 2
C3 C3
9. (b) This is an alternating addition series, with a random
number, 21, interpolated as every third number. The 4
3 C3 1
addition series alternates between adding 3 and P(C) = , P(D) = 10
=
adding 4. The number 21 appears after each number 10 C3 30
arrived at by adding 3. P = P(A) + P(B) + P(C) + P(D)
10. (a) The solid line represents the S wave. This crosses
550 kilometers at time = 15 minutes. 1 1 3 1
P= + + + =1
P wave 6 2 10 30
S wave
25 \ Events, A, B, C, D are mutual exclusive and also
exhaustive
Travel Time (minutes)

20 P(E/A) = 3/3 = 1; P(E/B) = 2/3;

15
P(E/C) = 1/3; P(E/D) = 0
Required probability
P ( E / C ) ´ P (C )
10

P (C / E ) =
5 P ( E / A) ´ P( A) P ( E / B ) ´ P( B) + P ( E / C )
0
1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 6,000 7,000 8,000 9,000 10,000 ´ P(C) + P ( E / D ) ´ P(D)
Distance from Epicenter (kilometers)
1 3
z ( z - cos q) ´
11. (c) Since, z (cos nq) = = u ( z) 3 10
2
z - 2 z cos q + 1 =
1 2 1 1 3 1
\ By change of scale property, we have 1´ + ´ + ´ + 0´
6 3 2 3 10 30
z (an cos nq) = u (z/a)
1
z / a ( z / a - cos q) z ( z - a cos q) 1
= = 2 = 10 =
z2 z z - 2 za cos q + a 2 1 1 1 6
- 2 cos q + 1 + +
a2 a 6 3 10
26
Vmax - Vmin 1
16. 50 The efficiency h = 50 % 106 =
Vmax + Vmin LC
max(h) = 50% 1
f =
17. (a) Q0 = o L ´ 80 ´10-12
Df
Þ L = 12.5 mH
18. (b) The normalised impedance and admittance is repeated 24. 5
for every half wavelength of distance.
19. (c) The polar plot of a type-1 and order-3, open loop F = AC + DF + BC + EF
system.
F = ( A + B) C + ( D + E ) F
Since, the polar plot is enclosing (–1, 0)
Thus, system is unstable. This encirclement is only once F = (A + B) C + (D + E ) F
hence single pole is on the right hand side of the plane.
20. 1040
L1 = 200 mH A A+B
L2 = 800 mH, K = 0.05
In series adding mode, inductance is given by B (A + B ) C
L = L1 + L2 + 2M C
L = L1 + L2 + 2K L1L 2 D D+E
= 200 + 800 + 2× 0.05 200 ´ 800 E F = (A + B ) C
= 1000 + 2 × 0.05 × 400 F (D + E ) F + (D + E ) F
= 1040 mH
21. (c) The combined mobility A
1 1 1 B
= + + ...
mm mm1 m m2
C F
qt m D
and mm =
m*
E
1 1 1
Hence = + + ... F
tm tm1 tm2
22. (b) In a star/delta connection, the turns ratio is x : 1, if \ Number of NAND gates required = 5
primary line voltage is V and the current is I. 25. 180
In star/delta (Y/D) connection, V1 = 250
V1L / 3 x V 3 N1 = 1250
= Þ 1L = x N2 = 900
V2L I V2L I
N2
or
V2L
=
I Secondary voltage V2 = V1 ´
N1
V1L 3x
900
V1L V V2 = 250 ´ = 180V
Þ V2L = = 1250
3x 3x
26. 40
12L x R = 100 kW
Also, =
3. l1L I R1 = 1kW
C = 0.01 mF
Þ I2L = 3 IL1x = I 3x
23. (b) A Q-meter with insertion resistance of 0.2 W is used V2 ( S) R
A= =
to measure the inductance of a coil. V1 (S) [R(sC + 1)]R1
w0 = 106 rad/s
c = 80 pF 100
A=
1 j10-3 w + 1
w0 =
LC A dB = 20 log 100 @ 40 dB
 27
27. 300
é1 1ù
100 W 100 W Consider the matrix [CT AT CT] = ê ú
ë 0 1û
+ + Rank of matrix [CT AT CT] is 2.
Hence, the system is completely observable.
é x& 1 ù é 0 1 0 ù é x1 ù é0ù
V1 V2 ê x& ú = ê 0
Z3 400 W 30. (d) ê 2 ú ê 0 1 úú êê x 2 úú + êê0úú u
êë x& 3 úû êë -a -b -c úû êë x 3 úû êë1 úû
– – Controllability matrix of system is
Qc = [B AB A2B... An–1 B]
We can conveniently express the image impedance in terms
of ABCD parameter é 0ù é0 1 0ù
ê 0ú ,A = ê 0 0 1 ú
AB B= ê ú ê ú
Image impedance z 0i =
CD ëê1 ûú ëê -a -b -c ûú
But for a symmetrical ABCD network
A=D é0ù
ê1ú
B AB = ê ú
So, z0 = êë -c úû
C
z1z 2 é0 0 1 ù
B = z1 + z2 + z ê ú
3 -a -b -c ú
A2B = ê
100 ´ 100 ê ac -a + cb -b + c 2 ú
B = 100 + 100 + = 225 W ë û
400
1 1 é0 ù é1 ù
C= = W ê0 ú = ê -c ú
z3 400 ê ú ê ú
êë1 úû ê -b + c 2 ú
ë û
B 225
z0 = = = 300W é0 0 1 ù
C 1/ 400 ê ú
28. –5 The circulating current in the loop ABCD is ê 0 1 -c ú
Q Qc =
ê 1 -c c 2 - b ú
10 10 ë û
= = = 2A
2+3 5 |Qc| = –1
Voltage across AC = 10V So for any value of a, b and c system is completely
Drop across EF = 2 × 5 = 10V controllable.
Drop across AF = –10 = –5 V
s
é x&1 ù é 1 1ù é x1 ù é0 ù 31. (a) H(s) =
29. (c) ê& ú = ê ú ê ú + ê úU s +1
ë x2 û ë -2 -1û ë x2 û ë1 û The transfer function has pole at –1 and zero at 0.
éx ù Hence, h(t) = d(t) – e– t u(t)
y = [1 0] ê 1 ú
ë x2 û
é 1 1ù
A= ê ú
ë -2 -1û
é0ù
B= ê ú
ë1 û
C = [1 , 0]
s
é 0 + 1ù H(s) =
Matrix [ B AB ] = ê ú ( s + 1)2
ë 1 - 1û
h(t) = te – t u(t)
The rank of matrix is 2, the system is completely state
controllable
28
1 Y1 Q3 Q2 Q1 Q0 Y1 Y2
H(s) = 2 1 1 0 1 0 1 1
s + s +1
2 1 1 0 1 0 1
3 0 1 1 0 0 1
4 0 0 1 1 0 0
5 0 0 0 1 1 1
6 1 0 0 0 0 0
7 0 1 0 0 1 0
1 0 1 0
To repeat the sequence 1010, 7 CLK pulses required.
s2 + 2xwn s + w2n = 0 34. (a)
2xwn = 1 35. (c) Given
1 én ù
x= <1 (i) y [ n ] = x ê ú when n is even.
2 ë2û
(ii) For odd values of n, y [n] holds the value of earlier
samples.
z-transform of y[n] in terms of z-transform of x[n].
Y(z) = y (0) + y (1) z–1 + y(2)z–2 + y(3)z–3 + .......¥
Y(z) = x(0) + x(0) z–1 + x(1)z–2 + x(1)z–3 + x(2) z–4 + x(2)z–5 +
x(3)z–6 + x(3)z–7 + .....¥
Y(z) = [x(0) + x(1)z–2 + x(2)z–4 x(3)z–6 + ....... ¥]
Underdamp + z–1 [x(0) + x(1)z–2 + x(2)z–4 + x(3)z–6 + ......¥]
Y(z) = [x(0) + x(1)(z2)–1 + x(2)(z2)–2 x(3)(z2)–3 + ....... ¥]
+ z–1 [x(0) + x(1)(z–2 )–1 + x(2)(z2)–2 + ...... ¥]
Y(z) = X(z2) + z–1 X(z2)
Y(z) = (1 + z–1) X (z2)
p
36. (a) Let I = ò xF ( sin x ) dx ....(i)
0

1 p
H(s) = 2 I = ò ( p - x ) F [sin ( p - x ) ] dx
s +1 0

h(t) = sin t p
32. (b) The priority from highest to lowest is TRAP, RST 7.5, I = ò ( p - x ) F ( sin x ) dx ....(ii)
0
RST 6.5, RST 5.5, INTR Adding Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get
TRAPS are usually reserved for unusual event such as
p
power supply failure. 2I = ò ( p ) F ( sin x ) dx
IN/OUT device are usually using other four interrupt 0
with priority required. 1 p
p F ( sin x ) dx
2 ò0
Hence, A uses RST 7.5, B uses RST 6.5 and C uses RST \ I=
5.5
33. 7 37. 0
y

c2 c1
x' x
–1 +1

y'
Poles, z2 – 1 = 0
Þ z=±1
We can write
The given circle x2 + y2 = 4 with centre at z = 0 and radius 2
Y2 = Q1 Å Q0
encloses two simple poles at z = 1 and z = –1.
Y1 = Q2 Å Y2
 29
dz dz dz 100 ( s + 5 )( s + 50 )
\ òc z2 - 1 = òc1 z2 - 1 + òc2 z2-1 42. (b) G (s) =
s 4
( s + 10 ) (s2 + 3s + 10)
1 1 Since in the denominator we have s4 common, it is a
=
òc1 zz +- 11 dz + òc2 zz -+ 11 dz type 4 system. The highest power of s in the
denominator is 7 hence it is a 7th-order system.
43. 2100 kHz
æ 1 ö æ 1 ö Image frequency = 1200 + 2 × 450 = 2100 kHz.
= 2pi ´ çè z + 1 ø÷ + 2pi ç
è
÷
z - 1 øz = -1
z =1 0A +
–
1 æ 1 ö
= 2pi ´ + 2 pi ç ÷ V1 2W 1W 2W Vi 1F
1 +1 è -1 - 1 ø 44. (d) Vi i
= pi – pi 1F Vi V2
=0 Vi –
+
38. 0.8679
f(x) = xex – 2
d(Vi - V1 ) dVi dV1
f(1) = e – 2 = 0.7185 i = 1. = -
f ¢(x) = xex + ex dt dt dt
f ¢(1) = e + e = 2e = 5.4366 (V2 - Vi ) dV
=1. i
f ( x0 ) 2 dt
x1 + x 0 -
f ¢ ( x0 ) dVi V1 - Vi Vi - V2
Þ V2 = Vi + 2 , =
dt 2 1
0.7185
= 1- = 1 - 0.1321 = 0.8679 dVi
5.4366 Þ V1 =3Vi - 2V2 =3Vi - 4
39. 1.3662 dt

6 1 dVi
V1 = Vi - 4
ò0 f ( x ) dx =
3
[(1 + 0.027) + 4(0.5 + 0.1 + 0.385) + 2 dt
(0.2 + 0.0588) = 1.3662 dV1 dVi d 2V
40. (a) x[n] is right sided \ = -4 2i
dt dt dt
1 49 47
z - z -1 dVi dV1 dVi - é dVi - 4 d Vi ù
2
d 2 Vi
X(z) = 4 = 32 + 32 \ i= - = dt ê 2 ú = 4
1 - 16z -1 1 + 4z -1 1 - 4z -1 dt dt ë dt dt û dt 2
t l
é 49 n 47 n ù 1 æ ö
Þ x [ n ] = ê ( -4 ) + 4 ú u [ n ] \ Vi = 4 ò çç ò Vi (x)dx ÷÷ dl
ë 32 32 û 0è0 ø
41. –1 45. 10.9
h(t) = x(4 – t) F = F1 + (F – 1 / ga1) = 10 + 9 / 10 = 10.9
46. (a)

x(– t + 4) Clk
–t
0
Q1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1
0 0 0
2
(– t + 4)sec Q2 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0
1 3 4 1 1 0 1 1 1 1
Q3 0 0 0 1 0 0
1 1 1 1 1 1
0 0 0 0 1 0 0
Q4

Slope in region t = 3 to 4 = – 1 The sequence generated is 11010. It actually starts after a

few clock periods.
30
47. (a) Oscillator operating at 30°C. = (1 Ð 24°) × 0.42 + 1 Ð 120 × 0.25 + 0.15
R = 10 kW, C = 22 mF, L = 5 = mH, I = 5 mA = 0.24 Ð 141.487°
1 1 Vc = aV1 + a2V2 + V3
f0 = = Hz = 1Ð 120 + 0.42 + 1 Ð 24° × 0.25 + 0.15
2p LC -3
2p 5 ´10 ´ 22 ´ 10-6 = 0.24 Ð 141.487
= 480 Hz 50. (a) The chopper feeds an inductive load of 150 Ohms
For oscillation to start, amplifier gain must be > 1 resistance and inductance of 52 mH. The back emf of
Gain of the differential -amplifier 60 V from, a 360 dc source. The chopper is operated at
1 1 R 250 Hz with a 30% ON state duty cycle.
gm R c = ´ c
2 2 hib 30
ON state duty cycle d = = 0.3
100
VT
h ib =
l EQ where, VT at 30° C (=303K) Period T =
1
=
1
= 4ms
fs 250Hz
0.0261 1.38 ´10-23 ´ 303 ON-period of the switch = 4 × 0.3 = 1.2 ms
=
l/2 1.6 ´10-19
L 52 mH
Load time constant T = = = 3.466 ms
0.0261 R 15W
= kW = 10.44 W
2.5 The circuit diagram can be drawn as
1 Rc
\ ´ >1
2 10.44 3.466 ms
Hence, Rc > 20.88 W VS d = 0.3 T1
48. (b) Separately excited DC motor,
Voltage = 230 V, rpm = 1500
Current = 20 A 15 W 52 mH
Motor armature resistance Ra = 0.6 W
360 V
Source voltage = 400 V
R L
Source frequency = 50 Hz
+E
For zero degree firing angle, motor terminal voltage is D1 60V
rated i.e., 230 V, therefore
3 2V1
\ cos 0°V1 = 230V
p
The load average and rms output voltage are,
230 ´ p
V1 = = 170.34V tT
3 2 ´1 Load Average voltages, V a = Vs = dVs = 0.3 ´ 360 = 108V
T
Here V is the line voltage. Per-phase voltage on
transformer star-side is tT
rms output voltages, Vr = Vs = d Vs = 0.3 ´ 360
170.34 T
Vph = = 98.35V = 197.18 V
3
51. 80 V = 50 V, I = 50 mA
Per-phase voltage input to transformer delta = 400 V
V 50
\ Transformer phase turns ratio from primary to = = 1kW
secondary I 50 ´10-3

400 2 ´ 100
= 4.067 . Error in voltage = = 4%
= 50
98.35
49. (b) System voltage = 132 kV 2 ´ 100
Error in ammeter = = 4%
Unbalanced load V1 = 0.42 pu 50
Total limiting error = 4 + 4 = 8%
V2 = 0.25 pu
8
V3 = 0.15 pu Limiting value of resistance = ´ 1000 = 80 W
100
Per-phase unit voltages
52. 50 Maximum power dissipation occurs when,
Va = V1 + V2 + V3 = 0.82 Ð 0°
2
Vb = a2 V1 + aV2 + V3 Vm = VCC
p
 31
Vm Im K f1H 2 + Ia1 R a
PAC 0.9 =
%h = = 2 K f1H1 + I a1 R a
PDC 2 V I
p
CC m 0.9K f1H1 = K f1H 2 + 0.1Ia1 R a

2 VCC Im 0.1R a Ia1

1 0.9 H1 = H 2 +
p 2 K f1
= 2 = = 50%
VCC Im 2 Since Ra is small and K is large, H2 @ 0.9 H1.
p
H 2 - H1 0.9H1 - H1
53. (d) Write the network equations, % change = = ´100
H1 H1
di L
V ( t ) = R 2i L + L 2 + Vc = –10% reduction in speed
dt 55. (a) Full adder: Sum = A Å B Å C
1 R V(t) Carry = (A Å B)C + AB
Þ x2 = - x1 - 2 x 2 + Required NAND GATES = 9
L2 L2 L2
A
Vc dV 1
iLt = + C1 c
R1 dt
2 3 5
- x1 x 2
Þ x1 = + Difference
R1C1 C1 B 4 7
6 AÅ B Å C
é -1 1 ù C 8
ég ù ê é 0 ù
ê x1 ú ê R1C1 C1 ú é x1 ù ê ú (A ÅB)C
ú ê ú + 1 V(t)
\ ê ú = ê -1 -R ú ë x 2 û ê ú
êë xg 2 úû ê êë L 2 úû (A ÅB) C + AB
ë L2 L 2 úû AB 9 Carry

54. (c) T1 = T2 Full subtractor: Difference = A Å B Å C

f1Ia1 = f2Ia2 Borrow = AB + ( A Å B ) C
V Required NAND GATES = 9
If1 = ....(i)
Rf A
1
Ia
2 3 5
If
Ra Difference
B 4 8
6 AÅ B ÅC

C 7
V
(A ÅB)C

M Borrow
AB 9
(A ÅB) C + AB
Half adder : Sum A Å B, Carry = AB
Required NAND GATES = 5
0.9V V
If = = = If
2 0.9R f Rf 1 A
1
If1 = If2
A ÅB = Sum
Þ f1 = f2 ....(ii) 2 3
From Eqs. (i) and (ii) we get
Ia1 = Ia 2 B 4

V1 = K f1H1 + Ia1 R a
AB = AB = Carry
0.9V1 = K f1H 2 + la1 R a A.B 5
32
Half subtractor: Difference = A Å B, Borrow = AB 3V1 – 12 + 2V1 + 3 V1 = 0
Required NAND GATES = 5 V1= 1.5 V
V1 2R
A Now Vo = = 1V
1 2R + R

A ÅB = Difference dA
2 3 58. (b) = ±10% using negative feedback, the amplifier
A
is to be modified to yield a gain of 100 with ± 0.1% variation
B 4 Here, the variation in open-loop gain is given by
dA f 10
= = 0.1
AB = Borrow A f 100
5
Similarly, variation in closed-loop gain is given by
56. 0.1855 dA f 0.1
= = 0.001
At T = 200 K, Af 100
æ 200 ö
kT = (0.0259) çè ÷ = 0.01727 eV dA f 1 dA
300 ø We know that A = 1 + Ab ´ A
f
æ E ö
So, ni2 = N c N v exp ç - g ÷
è kT ø 1
0.001 = ´ 0.1
3 1 + Ab
19 18 æ 200 ö æ -0.66 ö
or, ni2 = (1.04 ´ 10 )(6.0 ´ 10 ) çè ÷ exp çè ÷
300 ø 0.01727 ø 0.1
\ Feedback factor Ab = - 1 = 99
or, ni = 2.16 ´ 1010 cm–3 0.001
Hole concentration in the germanium atom is
A
N æN ö
2 By using equation Af =
p0 = a + ç a ÷ + n i2 1 + Ab
2 è 2 ø
A = Af(1 + Ab) = 100 (1 + 99) = 10000
Since, Na = 1015 cm–3 > > ni so, \ The amount of negative feedback
p0 = 1015 cm–3
Af 100
æ p0 ö = = 0.01
So, EFi – EF = kT ln ç ÷ A 10000
è ni ø
59. (a) Let y = x1
æ 1015 ö · ·
= 0.01727 In ç ÷ = 0.1855 eV x1 = –y + 4, x 2 = y – 2x2 + 4
è 2.16 ´ 10 ø
10

57. 1 é0 0 ù é1ù
A=ê ú ,B=ê ú
First we convert two parallel 2R resistor in single as shown ë 0 -2 û ë1û
below
2R 2R é1 0 ù
VO VO QC = ê ú
ë1 -2 û
R R
2R 2R Þ QC = 2 (controllable)
– + – +
V1 Let y = x2
4V 4V ·
R R x1 = –x1 + 4
·
x 2 = x1 –2y + 4
2R
2R R é -1 0 ù é1ù é1 -1ù
A=ê ú , B = ê ú , Qc = ê ú
ë 1 0û ë1û ë1 1 û
Now applying KCL we get |Qc| = 2 ¹ 0
V1 - 4 V1 V1 Hence, the system is controllable.
+ + =0
2R 2R + R R + R
 33
60. 0.48
Low injection limit is reached when CLK Q1 Q0
PC(0) = (0.10)NC 0 0 0
= (0.10)(5 ´ 1014) = 5 ´ 1013 cm–3 1 0 1
Now , we have
2 1 0
n i2 10 2
(1.5 ´ 10 ) 3 0 0
PC(0) = = 14
= 4.5 ´ 105 cm –3
NC 5 ´ 10 Total-3 states.
62. 2.4 The fundamental and fifth harmonics are vanished
æ VCB ö whereas the third harmonics remains in the system
Also, PC(0) = PC(0) exp ç ÷
è Vt ø I n = 3 × 0.8 = 2.4 A
Ef
æ pC(0) ö 63. (b) If =
or, VCB = Vt In ç ÷ R2
è pC0 ø + j X2
S
æ 5 ´ 1013 ö Eb
= (0.0259)In çè ÷ Ib = Þ I b > If
4.5 ´ 105 ø R2
+ j X2
= 0.48 V 2 -S
61. 3 J-K Flip flop excitation tables is 64. 15.2 Meter constant according to given data
40 ´ 60 + 60
J K Qn +1 K=
5 ´ 50
0 0 Qn K = 576 rev/kWh
0 1 0 576 - 500
% error = ´ 100 = 15.2%
1 0 1 500
1 1 Qn 65. 0.482 Input Harmonic factor
1/ 3
State transition table æ p2 ö
=ç - 1÷ = 0.482
è 8 ø