Heavy coffee drinking and the risk of suicide

Name : Vincent NIM : 01071170136 Tutor : dr. Vella

1.Description of Place Person Time

Place Person Time
-Finland -Male Year 1972-1995
-Unemployed people
-Single, divorcee ,widow
-Current smoker
-Heavy coffee drinker
-Heavy alcohol consumer
-People with low education
-Tea drinker
2. HYPOTHESIS : DRINKING LOTS OF COFFEE CAN INCREASE THE RISK OF
SUICIDE.
3. Find the Best possible ASSOCIATION:
A. Chance (Yes/No) Explanation:
Yes, because it was just a coincidence. If the experiment is repeated, the result
won’t be the same.

B. Confounding (Yes/No) Explanation:

Yes, because according to the given data, the relative risk of heavy coffee drinker
is smaller than the relative risk of male. So, the real cause of suicide was not
drinking lots of coffee, but, there’s another reason why those people committed
suicide. Drinking coffee was just an observed exposure, not the real cause of the
suicide.

C. Bias (Yes/No) Explanation:

Yes, because the sample was just taken in a place where there’s a lot of suicide as
it was a selection bias. Then, the information obtained was not accurate enough
because those people might answer the questionnaire wrong as it was an
information bias.

D. Reverse Time Order (Yes/No) Explanation:

Yes, because those people might have some mental disorder and think to commit
suicide before drinking coffee, not because of drinking lots of coffee caused them
mental disorder to trigger them to commit suicide.

E. Causal (Yes/No) Explanation:

No, because it was not drinking lots of coffee who caused people committing
suicide, but because they were under stress or might have some mental disorder
that triggered them to commit suicide.
4. The most possible Association: Choose One only for the best association:
Chance/Confounding/Bias/Reserve Time Order/Causal
Confounding, because the relative risk of heavy coffee drinker was smaller than
the relative risk of male. So, the real cause of suicide was not drinking lots of
coffee, but, there’s another reason why those people committed suicide. Drinking
lots of coffee was just an observed exposure, not the real cause of the suicide.

5. Prevention / policy ( practical ) to prevent the risk of suicide.

-Get a more valid data
-Give a more easily understood questionnaire so that the samples can answer more
correctly and we can have a more valid data.
-Make sure there isn’t any disturbing factor that makes the data invalid
-Control the stress so that we won’t go into the wrong way
-If there’s a massive problem and you think of committing suicide, don’t. Consult
to your friend or a psychiatrist to help you and give you some advice about it
-Have more fun, like doing sports, watching comedies, etc that makes us happy