ME LABORATORY 3

EXPERIMENT No. 2

Name: Hernane, Khim S. Course and Year: BSME – MECH 5

Group No. 5 Date Performed: July 26, 2019

I. TITLE: Performance Test of Centrifugal Fan

II. OBJECTIVE:
To be able to determine the performance characteristics of a centrifugal fan in terms of:
a. Shaft horsepower requirements at different flow rates.
b. Static and total efficiencies.
III. APPARATUS / EQUIPMENT
1. Air Flow Demonstration Unit
2. Manometer Set
3. Thermometer
4. Tachometer
5. Pilot Tube Measuring Set

V. THEORY
DETERMINATION OF DISCHARGE STATIC AND VELOCITY PRESSURES
 Average Discharge Static Pressure
𝑆𝑢𝑚 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑐 𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒 𝑚𝑎𝑛𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔, 𝑚𝑚 𝐻2 𝑂
𝐴𝑣𝑒 𝐻𝑠𝑑 =
𝑛𝑜. 𝑜𝑓 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑒 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠
- In terms of meters of air, hsd
𝑀𝑎𝑛𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔, ℎ𝑠𝑑 𝑖𝑛 𝑚𝑚 𝐻2 𝑂 𝑊𝐺 𝜌𝑤
𝐻𝑠𝑑 = ( )
1000 𝜌𝑎

 Velocity Pressure at a particular section expressed in meters of air

𝑀𝑎𝑛𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔, ℎ𝑠𝑑 𝑖𝑛 𝑚𝑚 𝐻2 𝑂 𝑊𝐺 𝜌𝑤

𝐻𝑣𝑑 = ( )
1000 𝜌𝑎

Where:
𝜌𝑎 𝜌𝑎
𝜌𝑎 = =
𝑅𝑎 (𝑇𝑎 ) (0.287)(𝑡𝑎 + 273)
IV. SKETCH
  Discharge velocity from each traverse section

𝑉𝑑 = √(2𝑔)(𝐻𝑣𝑑)
 Average discharge velocity
𝐴1 𝑉1 + 𝐴2 𝑉2 + 𝐴3 𝑉3 + ⋯ + 𝐴12 𝑉12
𝐴𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑉𝑑 =
𝐴𝑇
CALCULATION OF VOLUMETRIC FLOW RATE
𝑄 = (𝐴𝑇 )(𝑉𝐷 )
DETERMINATION OF SUCTION STATIC AND VELOCITY PRESSURES
 Average Suction Static pressure

𝑠𝑢𝑚 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑐 𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒 𝑚𝑎𝑛𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔, 𝑚𝑚𝐻2 𝑂

𝐴𝑣𝑒 𝐻𝑠𝑠 =
𝑛𝑜. 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑠
Similarly,

𝑀𝑎𝑛𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔, ℎ𝑠𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝑚𝑚 𝐻2 𝑂 𝜌𝑤

𝐻𝑠𝑑 = ( )
1000 𝜌𝑎
Where:
𝜌𝑎 𝜌𝑎
𝜌𝑎 = =
𝑅𝑎 (𝑇𝑎 ) (0.287)(𝑡𝑎 + 273)

 Suction velocity and velocity head are found by

𝑄
𝑉𝑠 =
𝐴𝑠
𝑉𝑠2
𝐻𝑣𝑠 =
2𝑔

CALCULATION OF FAN STATIC AND TOTAL HEAD

𝑓𝑎𝑛 𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑐 ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑑, ∆𝐻𝑠 = (𝐻𝑠𝑑 − 𝐻𝑠𝑠)
𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑑, ∆𝐻𝑡 = (𝐻𝑣𝑑 − 𝐻𝑣𝑠) + (𝐻𝑠𝑑 − 𝐻𝑠𝑠)

CALCULATION OF HORSEPOWER
 Static Horsepower
𝛾𝑎 𝑄 ∆𝐻𝑠
𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑐 𝑎𝑖𝑟 ℎ𝑜𝑟𝑠𝑒𝑝𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 =
746
 Total air horsepower
𝛾𝑎 𝑄 ∆𝐻𝑠
𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑎𝑖𝑟 ℎ𝑜𝑟𝑠𝑒𝑝𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 =
746
 Actual air horsepower
 𝑁
2𝜋(𝑇𝑏)(60)
𝐵𝐻𝑃 =
746

CALCULATION OF FAN EFFICIENCY

 Fan static efficiency
𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑐 𝑎𝑖𝑟 𝐻𝑃 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑝𝑢𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑓𝑎𝑛
𝑓𝑎𝑛 𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑐 𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑦 =
𝐵𝑟𝑎𝑘𝑒 𝐻𝑃 𝑖𝑛𝑝𝑢𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑓𝑎𝑛
 Fan total efficiency

𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑎𝑖𝑟 𝐻𝑃 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑝𝑢𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑓𝑎𝑛

𝑓𝑎𝑛 𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑦 =
𝐵𝑟𝑎𝑘𝑒 𝐻𝑃 𝑖𝑛𝑝𝑢𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑓𝑎𝑛

VI. DEFINITION OF TERMS

1. FAN – a centrifugal machine which handles gas and develops a static pressure difference of
from a few inches of water up to 1 psi or approximately 7 kPa.
2. BLOWER – a centrifugal machine which handles gas and develops a static pressure
difference from 1 psi to 35 psi or approximately 7 kPa to 241.3 kPa.
3. CENTRIFUGAL COMPRESSOR – a centrifugal machine which handles gas and develop a
static pressure difference above 35 psi or 241.3 kPa.

VII. PROCEDURE
1. The manometer tube was connected to the center manifold of the pitot tube, and the total
pressure exerted by air was registered to the tube.
2. The manometer tube was connected to the suction piezometer ring. Then, static pressure
was registered.
3. The manometer was set vertically and the manometer assembly was leveled properly.
4. The level of water in the manometer was set in such way that both ends of the manometer
are of the same level. (Zero difference of level between ends)
5. The Dynamometer was set to zero by turning either in direction at the adjustment knob
located on the top of the meter.
6. The pitot tube was inserted properly into the traverse section of discharge duct and was
ensured that it could be adjusted easily both horizontally and vertically. Also, it was ensured
that the pitot tube was held with its end against the direction of flow and always parallel to
the axis of duct.
7. The discharge flow regulator located at the end of the apparatus was initially opened to one
half of an inch from the edge of the duct.
8. The fan motor/dynamometer was held firmly and carefully.
9. The power was switched on.
10. The motor/dynamometer was released when it is already in running mode and its speed
stabilizes.
11. The suction static pressure was measured at the piezometer-ring.
12. At point/section No.1 of the traversed section. The suction static pressure was measured at
the manometer setting with end connected to the pitot tube disconnected. Three staged
readings are made in order to obtained an average value.
13. The static pressure tube on the shorter manometer was measured with pitot tube end
properly centered at traverse section No. 1.
14. The discharge static pressure tube was transferred to the top end of the longer manometer
to subtract from the existing reading of the total pressure, thereby displaying only the velocity
pressure at discharge traverse section No. 1 record readings.
15. The speed of the motor was measured using hand tachometer at its shaft end. Readings
were recorded.
16. The registered torque was read using the torque meter located on the top of fan and the
results was recorded.
17. The pitot tube was transferred to traverse section No. 2 by sliding it forward. Steps 10 – 13
was then repeated.
18. The procedures are repeated for the rest of the traverse station.
19. The suction static pressure was measured upon reaching traverse section No. 8 and No. 12.
This gives the second and third values of suction static pressure respectively. Then, the
routine procedure was resumed. The results above was recorded under trial 1.
20. The discharge flow regulator was adjusted to 1-inch distance from duct edge.
21. Steps 9 to 16 was repeated for the succeeding trials. For the entire experiment, 5 trials were
made.
22. The results of all trials were tabulated.

VIII. DATA AND RESULTS

A. Suction Static Head
Discharge Static Head, mm 𝐻2 0 Average Average
Trial
Opening Station 2 Station 8 Station 12 mm 𝐻2 0 kPa
22 1 25.2 25.2 25.2 -25.2
22 2 25.2 23.3 25.2 -24.5667
22 3 27.4 29.5 27.1 -28.0048
22 4 25.2 23.5 25.2 -24.637
22 5 25.2 27.1 25.2 -25.8333

B. Discharge Static, Velocity Head and Total head

Traverse
Static Head, mm 𝑯𝟐 𝟎 Velocity Head, mm 𝑯𝟐 𝟎
Station
Trial Trial Trial Trial Trial Trial Trial Trial Trial Trial
Ave Ave
1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5
A1 50.8 50.8 50.8 50.8 50.8 50.8 54.6 54.6 54.6 54.6 54.6 54.6
A2 50.8 50.8 50.8 50.8 50.8 50.8 53.6 53.6 53.6 53.6 53.6 53.6
 A3 51.2 51.2 51.2 51.2 51.2 51.2 54.4 54.4 54.4 54.4 54.4 54.4
A4 51.2 51.2 51.2 51.2 51.2 51.2 55 55 55 55 55 55
A5 51.4 51.4 51.4 51.4 51.4 51.4 54.2 54.2 54.2 54.2 54.2 54.2
A6 50.4 50.4 50.4 50.4 50.4 50.4 54.2 54.2 54.2 54.2 54.2 54.2
A7 51 51 51 51 51 51 55.4 55.4 55.4 55.4 55.4 55.4
A8 51.2 51.2 51.2 51.2 51.2 51.2 54.8 54.8 54.8 54.8 54.8 54.8
A9 51.8 51.8 51.8 51.8 51.8 51.8 55.8 55.8 55.8 55.8 55.8 55.8
A10 50.4 50.4 50.4 50.4 50.4 50.4 54.6 54.6 54.6 54.6 54.6 54.6
A11 52 52 52 52 52 52 53.8 53.8 53.8 53.8 53.8 53.8
A12 48.6 48.6 48.6 48.6 48.6 48.6 52 52 52 52 52 52

Traverse
Total Head, mm 𝑯𝟐 𝟎
Station
Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3 Trial 4 Trial 5 Ave
A1 54.6 54.6 54.6 54.6 54.6 54.6
A2 53.6 53.6 53.6 53.6 53.6 53.6
A3 54.4 54.4 54.4 54.4 54.4 54.4
A4 55 55 55 55 55 55
A5 54.2 54.2 54.2 54.2 54.2 54.2
A6 54.2 54.2 54.2 54.2 54.2 54.2
A7 55.4 55.4 55.4 55.4 55.4 55.4
A8 54.8 54.8 54.8 54.8 54.8 54.8
A9 55.8 55.8 55.8 55.8 55.8 55.8
A10 54.6 54.6 54.6 54.6 54.6 54.6
A11 53.8 53.8 53.8 53.8 53.8 53.8
A12 52 52 52 52 52 52
C. Velocities and Head

Discharge Velocity Head, 𝒉𝒗𝒅

Average Discharge Velocity

Discharge Static Head, 𝒉𝒔𝒅

Suction Velocity Head, 𝒉𝒗𝒔

Total Discharge Head, 𝒉𝒗𝒕

Average Suction Velocity

Suction Static Head, 𝒉𝒔𝒔

Total Suction Head, 𝒉𝒔𝒕

Discharge flow (𝒎𝟑 /𝒔)

(meters of air)
(mm 𝑯𝟐 𝟎)

(mm 𝑯𝟐 𝟎)

(mm 𝑯𝟐 𝟎)

(mm 𝑯𝟐 𝟎)

(mm 𝑯𝟐 𝟎)
(m/s)

(m/s)
Trial

1 0.110191 7.1581 7.67 -25.2 2.612 50.9 3.4667 54.3667 54.3667

2 0.110191 7.1581 7.67 -24.5667 2.612 50.9 3.5 54.3667 54.3667
3 0.110191 7.1581 7.67 -28.0048 2.612 50.9 3.5 54.3667 54.3667
4 0.110191 7.1581 7.67 -24.6370 2.612 50.9 3.5 54.3667 54.3667
5 0.110191 7.1581 7.67 -25.8333 2.612 50.9 3.5 54.3667 54.3667

D. Horse power and Efficiencies

Brake Brake Static Air Total Air Static Total
Speed
Trial Torque, 𝑻𝒃 Horsepower Horsepower Horsepower Efficiency Efficiency
(rpm)
(N-m) (hp) (hp) (hp) (%) (%)
1 3540 0.6278 0.311991 0.110271 0.110914 35.34425 35.55032
2 3540 0.6278 0.311991 0.109353 0.109996 35.0501 35.25617
3 3540 0.6278 0.311991 0.114335 0.114978 36.64691 36.85297
4 3540 0.6278 0.311991 0.109455 0.110098 35.08278 35.28885
5 3540 0.6278 0.311991 0.111189 0.111831 35.6384 35.84446
IX. COMPUTATION AND ANALYSIS
 Average discharge static head for each traverse section
(50.8 + 50.8 + 50.8 + 50.8 + 50.8)
𝐴1 𝑎𝑣𝑒. ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑑 = = 50.8 𝑚𝑚 𝐻2 𝑂
5
(50.8 + 50.8 + 50.8 + 50.8 + 50.8)
𝐴2 𝑎𝑣𝑒. ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑑 = = 50.8 𝑚𝑚 𝐻2 𝑂
5
(51.2 + 51.2 + 51.2 + 51.2 + 51.2)
𝐴3 𝑎𝑣𝑒. ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑑 = = 51.2 𝑚𝑚 𝐻2 𝑂
5
(51.2 + 51.2 + 51.2 + 51.2 + 51.2)
𝐴4 𝑎𝑣𝑒. ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑑 = = 51.2 𝑚𝑚 𝐻2 𝑂
5
(51.4 + 51.4 + 51.4 + 51.4 + 51.4)
𝐴5 𝑎𝑣𝑒. ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑑 = = 51.4 𝑚𝑚 𝐻2 𝑂
5
(50.4 + 50.4 + 50.4 + 50.4 + 50.4)
𝐴6 𝑎𝑣𝑒. ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑑 = = 50.4 𝑚𝑚 𝐻2 𝑂
5
(51 + 51 + 51 + 51 + 51)
𝐴7 𝑎𝑣𝑒. ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑑 = = 51 𝑚𝑚 𝐻2 𝑂
5
(51.2 + 51.2 + 51.2 + 51.2 + 51.2)
𝐴8 𝑎𝑣𝑒. ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑑 = = 51.2 𝑚𝑚 𝐻2 𝑂
5
(51.8 + 51.8 + 51.8 + 51.8 + 51.8)
𝐴9 𝑎𝑣𝑒. ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑑 = = 51.8 𝑚𝑚 𝐻2 𝑂
5
(50.4 + 50.4 + 50.4 + 50.4 + 50.4)
𝐴10 𝑎𝑣𝑒. ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑑 = = 50.4 𝑚𝑚 𝐻2 𝑂
5
(52 + 52 + 52 + 52 + 52)
𝐴11 𝑎𝑣𝑒. ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑑 = = 52 𝑚𝑚 𝐻2 𝑂
5
(48.6 + 48.6 + 48.6 + 48.6 + 48.6)
𝐴12 𝑎𝑣𝑒. ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑑 = = 48.6 𝑚𝑚 𝐻2 𝑂
5
 Average discharge static head for each trial

𝑆𝑢𝑚 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑐 𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒 𝑚𝑎𝑛𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔, 𝑚𝑚 𝐻2 𝑂

𝐴𝑣𝑒 𝐻𝑠𝑑 =
𝑛𝑜. 𝑜𝑓 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑒 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠
(50.8 + 50.8 + 51.2 + 51.2 + 51.4 + 50.4 + 51 + 51.2 + 51.8 + 50.4 + 52 + 48.6)
𝑇1 𝑎𝑣𝑒. ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑑 =
5
= 50.9 𝑚𝑚 𝐻2 𝑂
(50.8 + 50.8 + 51.2 + 51.2 + 51.4 + 50.4 + 51 + 51.2 + 51.8 + 50.4 + 52 + 48.6)
𝑇2 𝑎𝑣𝑒. ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑑 =
5
= 50.9 𝑚𝑚 𝐻2 𝑂
(50.8 + 50.8 + 51.2 + 51.2 + 51.4 + 50.4 + 51 + 51.2 + 51.8 + 50.4 + 52 + 48.6)
𝑇3 𝑎𝑣𝑒. ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑑 =
5
= 50.9 𝑚𝑚 𝐻2 𝑂
(50.8 + 50.8 + 51.2 + 51.2 + 51.4 + 50.4 + 51 + 51.2 + 51.8 + 50.4 + 52 + 48.6)
𝑇4 𝑎𝑣𝑒. ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑑 =
5
= 50.9 𝑚𝑚 𝐻2 𝑂
 (50.8 + 50.8 + 51.2 + 51.2 + 51.4 + 50.4 + 51 + 51.2 + 51.8 + 50.4 + 52 + 48.6)
𝑇5 𝑎𝑣𝑒. ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑑 =
5
= 50.9 𝑚𝑚 𝐻2 𝑂

 Average discharge total head for each traverse section

(54.6 + 54.6 + 54.6 + 54.6 + 54.6)
𝐴1 𝑎𝑣𝑒. ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑑 = = 54.6 𝑚𝑚 𝐻2 𝑂
5
(53.6 + 53.6 + 53.6 + 53.6 + 53.6)
𝐴2 𝑎𝑣𝑒. ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑑 = = 53.6 𝑚𝑚 𝐻2 𝑂
5
(54.4 + 54.4 + 54.4 + 54.4 + 54.4)
𝐴3 𝑎𝑣𝑒. ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑑 = = 54.4 𝑚𝑚 𝐻2 𝑂
5
(55 + 55 + 55 + 55 + 55)
𝐴4 𝑎𝑣𝑒. ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑑 = = 55 𝑚𝑚 𝐻2 𝑂
5
(54.2 + 54.2 + 54.2 + 54.2 + 54.2)
𝐴5 𝑎𝑣𝑒. ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑑 = = 54.2 𝑚𝑚 𝐻2 𝑂
5
(54.2 + 54.2 + 54.2 + 54.2 + 54.2)
𝐴6 𝑎𝑣𝑒. ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑑 = = 54.2 𝑚𝑚 𝐻2 𝑂
5
(55.4 + 55.4 + 55.4 + 55.4 + 55.4)
𝐴7 𝑎𝑣𝑒. ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑑 = = 55.4 𝑚𝑚 𝐻2 𝑂
5
(54.8 + 54.8 + 54.8 + 54.8 + 54.8)
𝐴8 𝑎𝑣𝑒. ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑑 = = 54.8 𝑚𝑚 𝐻2 𝑂
5
(55.8 + 55.8 + 55.8 + 55.8 + 55.8)
𝐴9 𝑎𝑣𝑒. ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑑 = = 55.8 𝑚𝑚 𝐻2 𝑂
5
(54.6 + 54.6 + 54.6 + 54.6 + 54.6)
𝐴10 𝑎𝑣𝑒. ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑑 = = 54.6 𝑚𝑚 𝐻2 𝑂
5
(53.8 + 53.8 + 53.8 + 53.8 + 53.8)
𝐴11 𝑎𝑣𝑒. ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑑 = = 53.8 𝑚𝑚 𝐻2 𝑂
5
(52 + 52 + 52 + 52 + 52)
𝐴12 𝑎𝑣𝑒. ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑑 = = 52 𝑚𝑚 𝐻2 𝑂
5
 Average discharge total head for each trial.
𝑆𝑢𝑚 𝑜𝑓 𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒 𝑚𝑎𝑛𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔, 𝑚𝑚 𝐻2 𝑂
𝐴𝑣𝑒 𝐻𝑠𝑑 =
𝑛𝑜. 𝑜𝑓 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑒 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠
(54.6 + 53.6 + 54.4 + 55 + 54.2 + 54.2 + 55.4 + 54.8 + 55.8 + 54.6 + 53.8 + 52)
𝑇1 𝑎𝑣𝑒. ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑑 =
5
= 54.3667 𝑚𝑚 𝐻2 𝑂
(54.6 + 53.6 + 54.4 + 55 + 54.2 + 54.2 + 55.4 + 54.8 + 55.8 + 54.6 + 53.8 + 52)
𝑇2 𝑎𝑣𝑒. ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑑 =
5
= 54.3667 𝑚𝑚 𝐻2 𝑂
(54.6 + 53.6 + 54.4 + 55 + 54.2 + 54.2 + 55.4 + 54.8 + 55.8 + 54.6 + 53.8 + 52)
𝑇3 𝑎𝑣𝑒. ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑑 =
5
= 54.3667 𝑚𝑚 𝐻2 𝑂
 (54.6 + 53.6 + 54.4 + 55 + 54.2 + 54.2 + 55.4 + 54.8 + 55.8 + 54.6 + 53.8 + 52)
𝑇4 𝑎𝑣𝑒. ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑑 =
5
= 54.3667 𝑚𝑚 𝐻2 𝑂
(54.6 + 53.6 + 54.4 + 55 + 54.2 + 54.2 + 55.4 + 54.8 + 55.8 + 54.6 + 53.8 + 52)
𝑇5 𝑎𝑣𝑒. ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑑 =
5
= 54.3667 𝑚𝑚 𝐻2 𝑂

 Velocity Head for Discharge

𝐻𝑣𝑑 = 𝐻𝑡𝑑 − 𝐻𝑠𝑑

For trial 1:
𝐻𝑣𝑑1 = (54.6 − 50.8) = 3.8 𝑚𝑚 𝐻2 𝑂
𝐻𝑣𝑑3 = (54.4 − 51.2) = 3.2 𝑚𝑚 𝐻2 𝑂
𝐻𝑣𝑑5 = (54.2 − 51.4) = 2.8 𝑚𝑚 𝐻2 𝑂
𝐻𝑣𝑑7 = (55.4 − 51) = 4.4 𝑚𝑚 𝐻2 𝑂
𝐻𝑣𝑑9 = (55.8 − 51.8) = 4 𝑚𝑚 𝐻2 𝑂
𝐻𝑣𝑑11 = (53.8 − 52) = 1.8 𝑚𝑚 𝐻2 𝑂
𝐻𝑣𝑑2 = (53.6 − 50.8) = 2.8 𝑚𝑚 𝐻2 𝑂
𝐻𝑣𝑑4 = (55 − 51.2) = 3.8 𝑚𝑚 𝐻2 𝑂
𝐻𝑣𝑑6 = (54.2 − 50.4) = 3.8 𝑚𝑚 𝐻2 𝑂
𝐻𝑣𝑑8 = (54.8 − 51.2) = 3.6 𝑚𝑚 𝐻2 𝑂
𝐻𝑣𝑑10 = (54.6 − 50.4) = 4.2 𝑚𝑚 𝐻2 𝑂
𝐻𝑣𝑑12 = (52 − 48.6) = 3.4 𝑚𝑚 𝐻2 𝑂

For trial 2:
𝐻𝑣𝑑1 = (54.6 − 50.8) = 3.8 𝑚𝑚 𝐻2 𝑂
𝐻𝑣𝑑3 = (54.4 − 51.2) = 3.2 𝑚𝑚 𝐻2 𝑂
𝐻𝑣𝑑5 = (54.2 − 51.4) = 2.8 𝑚𝑚 𝐻2 𝑂
𝐻𝑣𝑑7 = (55.4 − 51) = 4.4 𝑚𝑚 𝐻2 𝑂
𝐻𝑣𝑑9 = (55.8 − 51.8) = 4 𝑚𝑚 𝐻2 𝑂
𝐻𝑣𝑑11 = (53.8 − 52) = 1.8 𝑚𝑚 𝐻2 𝑂
𝐻𝑣𝑑2 = (53.6 − 50.8) = 2.8 𝑚𝑚 𝐻2 𝑂
𝐻𝑣𝑑4 = (55 − 51.2) = 3.8 𝑚𝑚 𝐻2 𝑂
𝐻𝑣𝑑6 = (54.2 − 50.4) = 3.8 𝑚𝑚 𝐻2 𝑂
𝐻𝑣𝑑8 = (54.8 − 51.2) = 3.6 𝑚𝑚 𝐻2 𝑂
𝐻𝑣𝑑10 = (54.6 − 50.4) = 4.2 𝑚𝑚 𝐻2 𝑂
𝐻𝑣𝑑12 = (52 − 48.6) = 3.4 𝑚𝑚 𝐻2 𝑂

For trial 3:
𝐻𝑣𝑑1 = (54.6 − 50.8) = 3.8 𝑚𝑚 𝐻2 𝑂
𝐻𝑣𝑑3 = (54.4 − 51.2) = 3.2 𝑚𝑚 𝐻2 𝑂
𝐻𝑣𝑑5 = (54.2 − 51.4) = 2.8 𝑚𝑚 𝐻2 𝑂
𝐻𝑣𝑑7 = (55.4 − 51) = 4.4 𝑚𝑚 𝐻2 𝑂
𝐻𝑣𝑑9 = (55.8 − 51.8) = 4 𝑚𝑚 𝐻2 𝑂
𝐻𝑣𝑑11 = (53.8 − 52) = 1.8 𝑚𝑚 𝐻2 𝑂
𝐻𝑣𝑑2 = (53.6 − 50.8) = 2.8 𝑚𝑚 𝐻2 𝑂
𝐻𝑣𝑑4 = (55 − 51.2) = 3.8 𝑚𝑚 𝐻2 𝑂
𝐻𝑣𝑑6 = (54.2 − 50.4) = 3.8 𝑚𝑚 𝐻2 𝑂
𝐻𝑣𝑑8 = (54.8 − 51.2) = 3.6 𝑚𝑚 𝐻2 𝑂
𝐻𝑣𝑑10 = (54.6 − 50.4) = 4.2 𝑚𝑚 𝐻2 𝑂
𝐻𝑣𝑑12 = (52 − 48.6) = 3.4 𝑚𝑚 𝐻2 𝑂

For trial 4:
𝐻𝑣𝑑1 = (54.6 − 50.8) = 3.8 𝑚𝑚 𝐻2 𝑂 𝐻𝑣𝑑2 = (53.6 − 50.8) = 2.8 𝑚𝑚 𝐻2 𝑂
𝐻𝑣𝑑3 = (54.4 − 51.2) = 3.2 𝑚𝑚 𝐻2 𝑂 𝐻𝑣𝑑4 = (55 − 51.2) = 3.8 𝑚𝑚 𝐻2 𝑂
 𝐻𝑣𝑑5 = (54.2 − 51.4) = 2.8 𝑚𝑚 𝐻2 𝑂 𝐻𝑣𝑑6 = (54.2 − 50.4) = 3.8 𝑚𝑚 𝐻2 𝑂
𝐻𝑣𝑑7 = (55.4 − 51) = 4.4 𝑚𝑚 𝐻2 𝑂 𝐻𝑣𝑑8 = (54.8 − 51.2) = 3.6 𝑚𝑚 𝐻2 𝑂
𝐻𝑣𝑑9 = (55.8 − 51.8) = 4 𝑚𝑚 𝐻2 𝑂 𝐻𝑣𝑑10 = (54.6 − 50.4) = 4.2 𝑚𝑚 𝐻2 𝑂
𝐻𝑣𝑑11 = (53.8 − 52) = 1.8 𝑚𝑚 𝐻2 𝑂 𝐻𝑣𝑑12 = (52 − 48.6) = 3.4 𝑚𝑚 𝐻2 𝑂

For trial 5:
𝐻𝑣𝑑1 = (54.6 − 50.8) = 3.8 𝑚𝑚 𝐻2 𝑂
𝐻𝑣𝑑3 = (54.4 − 51.2) = 3.2 𝑚𝑚 𝐻2 𝑂
𝐻𝑣𝑑5 = (54.2 − 51.4) = 2.8 𝑚𝑚 𝐻2 𝑂
𝐻𝑣𝑑7 = (55.4 − 51) = 4.4 𝑚𝑚 𝐻2 𝑂
𝐻𝑣𝑑9 = (55.8 − 51.8) = 4 𝑚𝑚 𝐻2 𝑂
𝐻𝑣𝑑11 = (53.8 − 52) = 1.8 𝑚𝑚 𝐻2 𝑂
𝐻𝑣𝑑2 = (53.6 − 50.8) = 2.8 𝑚𝑚 𝐻2 𝑂
𝐻𝑣𝑑4 = (55 − 51.2) = 3.8 𝑚𝑚 𝐻2 𝑂
𝐻𝑣𝑑6 = (54.2 − 50.4) = 3.8 𝑚𝑚 𝐻2 𝑂
𝐻𝑣𝑑8 = (54.8 − 51.2) = 3.6 𝑚𝑚 𝐻2 𝑂
𝐻𝑣𝑑10 = (54.6 − 50.4) = 4.2 𝑚𝑚 𝐻2 𝑂
𝐻𝑣𝑑12 = (52 − 48.6) = 3.4 𝑚𝑚 𝐻2 𝑂

 Average velocity discharge head

𝐴𝑣𝑒 𝐻𝑣𝑑 = 𝐴𝑣𝑒 𝐻𝑡𝑑 − 𝐴𝑣𝑒 𝐻𝑠𝑑

𝐴𝑣𝑒 𝐻𝑣𝑑1 = 54.3667 − 50.9 = 3.4667 𝑚𝑚 𝐻2 𝑂
𝐴𝑣𝑒 𝐻𝑣𝑑2 = 54.3667 − 50.9 = 3.4667 𝑚𝑚 𝐻2 𝑂
𝐴𝑣𝑒 𝐻𝑣𝑑3 = 54.3667 − 50.9 = 3.4667 𝑚𝑚 𝐻2 𝑂
𝐴𝑣𝑒 𝐻𝑣𝑑4 = 54.3667 − 50.9 = 3.4667 𝑚𝑚 𝐻2 𝑂
𝐴𝑣𝑒 𝐻𝑣𝑑5 = 54.3667 − 50.9 = 3.4667 𝑚𝑚 𝐻2 𝑂
 Average suction static head
25.2 + 25.2 + 25.2
𝐴𝑣𝑒 𝐻𝑠𝑠1 = − = −25 .2 𝑚𝑚 𝐻2 𝑂
3
25.2 + 23.3 + 25.2
𝐴𝑣𝑒 𝐻𝑠𝑠2 = − = −24 .57 𝑚𝑚 𝐻2 𝑂
3
27.4 + 29.5 + 27.1
𝐴𝑣𝑒 𝐻𝑠𝑠3 = − = −28 𝑚𝑚 𝐻2 𝑂
3
25.2 + 23.5 + 25.2
𝐴𝑣𝑒 𝐻𝑠𝑠4 = − = −24 .64 𝑚𝑚 𝐻2 𝑂
3
25.2 + 27.1 + 25.2
𝐴𝑣𝑒 𝐻𝑠𝑠5 = − = −25 .83 𝑚𝑚 𝐻2 𝑂
3
 Water and air density
𝑘𝑔
𝜌𝑤 = 1000 𝑚3 (standard value)
 𝑃𝑎
𝜌𝑎 =
𝑅𝑎 𝑇𝑎
101.325 𝑘𝑃𝑎
𝜌𝑎 =
𝑘𝐽
(0.287 )(32 + 273)
𝑘𝑔𝐾
𝜌𝑎 = 1.15754
 Expressing Hsd in meters of air

50.9 1000
𝐻𝑠𝑑1 = ( )( ) = 43.9727 𝑚
1000 1.15754
50.9 1000
𝐻𝑠𝑑2 = ( )( ) = 43.9727 𝑚
1000 1.15754
50.9 1000
𝐻𝑠𝑑3 = ( )( ) = 43.9727 𝑚
1000 1.15754
50.9 1000
𝐻𝑠𝑑4 = ( )( ) = 43.9727 𝑚
1000 1.15754
50.9 1000
𝐻𝑠𝑑5 = ( )( ) = 43.9727 𝑚
1000 1.15754
 Expressing Hvd in meters of air
3.4667 1000
𝐻𝑣𝑑1 = ( )( ) = 2.9949 𝑚
1000 1.15754
3.4667 1000
𝐻𝑣𝑑2 = ( )( ) = 2.9949 𝑚
1000 1.15754
3.4667 1000
𝐻𝑣𝑑3 = ( )( ) = 2.9949 𝑚
1000 1.15754
3.4667 1000
𝐻𝑣𝑑4 = ( )( ) = 2.9949 𝑚
1000 1.15754
3.4667 1000
𝐻𝑣𝑑5 = ( )( ) = 2.9949 𝑚
1000 1.15754
 Discharge Velocity

𝑉𝑑 = √2𝑔(𝐻𝑣𝑑)
𝑚
𝑉𝑑1 = √2(9.81)(2.9949) = 7.6655
𝑠
𝑚
𝑉𝑑2 = √2(9.81)(2.9949) = 7.6655
𝑠
𝑚
𝑉𝑑3 = √2(9.81)(2.9949) = 7.6655
𝑠
𝑚
𝑉𝑑4 = √2(9.81)(2.9949) = 7.6655
𝑠
𝑚
𝑉𝑑5 = √2(9.81)(2.9949) = 7.6655
𝑠
 Volumetric flow rate
 𝑄 = 𝐴𝑇 𝑉𝐷
Where 𝐴𝑇 = 0.0144 𝑚2
𝑚3
𝑄1 = (0.0144)(7.6655) = 0.1102
𝑠
𝑚3
𝑄2 = (0.0144)(7.6655) = 0.1102
𝑠
𝑚3
𝑄3 = (0.0144)(7.6655) = 0.1102
𝑠
𝑚3
𝑄4 = (0.0144)(7.6655) = 0.1102
𝑠
𝑚3
𝑄5 = (0.0144)(7.6655) = 0.1102
𝑠
 Expressing Hss in meters of air
−25.2 1000
𝐻𝑠𝑠1 = ( )( ) = −21.7704 𝑚
1000 1.15754
−24.57 1000
𝐻𝑠𝑠2 = ( )( ) = −21.2232 𝑚
1000 1.15754
−28 1000
𝐻𝑠𝑠3 = ( )( ) = −24.1934 𝑚
1000 1.15754
−24.64 1000
𝐻𝑠𝑠4 = ( )( ) = −21.2849 𝑚
1000 1.15754
−25.83 1000
𝐻𝑠𝑠5 = ( )( ) = −22.3175 𝑚
1000 1.15754

 Suction velocity
𝑄𝑠
𝑉𝑠 =
𝐴𝑠
Where 𝐴𝑠 = 0.0154 𝑚2
(0.1102) 𝑚
𝑉𝑠1 = = 7.1581
(0.0154) 𝑠
(0.1102) 𝑚
𝑉𝑠2 = = 7.1581
(0.0154) 𝑠
(0.1102) 𝑚
𝑉𝑠3 = = 7.1581
(0.0154) 𝑠
(0.1102) 𝑚
𝑉𝑠4 = = 7.1581
(0.0154) 𝑠
(0.1102) 𝑚
𝑉𝑠5 = = 7.1581
(0.0154) 𝑠
 Suction Velocity head
𝑉𝑠2
𝐻𝑣𝑠 =
2𝑔

(7.1581)2
𝐻𝑣𝑠1 = = 2.6116 𝑚
2(9.81)
(7.1581)2
𝐻𝑣𝑠2 = = 2.6116 𝑚
2(9.81)
(7.1581)2
𝐻𝑣𝑠3 = = 2.6116 𝑚
2(9.81)
(7.1581)2
𝐻𝑣𝑠4 = = 2.6116 𝑚
2(9.81)
(7.1581)2
𝐻𝑣𝑠5 = = 2.6116 𝑚
2(9.81)
 Fan static head
∆𝐻𝑠 = 𝐻𝑠𝑑 − 𝐻𝑠𝑠

∆𝐻𝑠1 = 42.9727 + 21.7704 = 65.7430 𝑚

∆𝐻𝑠2 = 42.9727 + 21.2232 = 65.1959 𝑚
∆𝐻𝑠3 = 42.9727 + 24.1934 = 68.1661 𝑚
∆𝐻𝑠4 = 42.9727 + 21.2840 = 65.2567 𝑚
∆𝐻𝑠5 = 42.9727 + 22.3175 = 66.2902 𝑚
 Fan total head
∆𝐻𝑇 = (𝐻𝑣𝑑 − 𝐻𝑣𝑠) + ∆𝐻𝑠

∆𝐻𝑇1 = (2.9949 − 2.6116) + 65.7430 = 66.1263 𝑚

∆𝐻𝑇2 = (2.9949 − 2.6116) + 65.1959 = 65.5792 𝑚
∆𝐻𝑇3 = (2.9949 − 2.6116) + 68.1661 = 68.5494 𝑚
∆𝐻𝑇4 = (2.9949 − 2.6116) + 65.2567 = 65.6400 𝑚
∆𝐻𝑇1 = (2.9949 − 2.6116) + 66.2902 = 66.6735 𝑚
 Static air horsepower
𝛾𝑎 𝑄 ∆𝐻𝑠
𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑐 𝑎𝑖𝑟 ℎ𝑜𝑟𝑠𝑒𝑝𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 =
746
Where: 𝛾𝑎 = 11.355 𝑁/𝑚3
(11.355) (0.1102) (65.7430)
𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑐 𝑎𝑖𝑟 ℎ𝑜𝑟𝑠𝑒𝑝𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟1 = = 0.1103
746
(11.355) (0.1102) (65.1959 )
𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑐 𝑎𝑖𝑟 ℎ𝑜𝑟𝑠𝑒𝑝𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟2 = = 0.1094
746
(11.355) (0.1102) (68.1661)
𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑐 𝑎𝑖𝑟 ℎ𝑜𝑟𝑠𝑒𝑝𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟3 = = 0.1143
746
(11.355) (0.1102) (65.2567 )
𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑐 𝑎𝑖𝑟 ℎ𝑜𝑟𝑠𝑒𝑝𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟4 = = 0.1095
746
(11.355) (0.1102) (66.2902)
𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑐 𝑎𝑖𝑟 ℎ𝑜𝑟𝑠𝑒𝑝𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟5 = = 0.1112
746
 Total air horsepower
𝛾𝑎 𝑄 ∆𝐻𝑠
𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑎𝑖𝑟 ℎ𝑜𝑟𝑠𝑒𝑝𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 =
746

(11.355)(0.1102) (66.1263 )
𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑎𝑖𝑟 ℎ𝑜𝑟𝑠𝑒𝑝𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟1 = = 0.1109
746
(11.355)(0.1102) (65.5792)
𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑎𝑖𝑟 ℎ𝑜𝑟𝑠𝑒𝑝𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟2 = = 0.11
746
(11.355)(0.1102) (68.5494)
𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑎𝑖𝑟 ℎ𝑜𝑟𝑠𝑒𝑝𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟3 = = 0.115
746
(11.355)(0.1102) (65.6400 )
𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑎𝑖𝑟 ℎ𝑜𝑟𝑠𝑒𝑝𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟4 = = 0.1101
746
(11.355)(0.1102) (66.6735)
𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑎𝑖𝑟 ℎ𝑜𝑟𝑠𝑒𝑝𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟5 = = 0.1118
746
 Brake horsepower
𝑁
2𝜋(𝑇𝑏) (60)
𝐵𝐻𝑃 =
746
Where 𝑇𝑏 = 0.6278 𝑁. 𝑚

3540
2𝜋(0.6278) ( 60 )
𝐵𝐻𝑃1 = = 0.312
746
3540
2𝜋(0.6278) ( 60 )
𝐵𝐻𝑃2 = = 0.312
746
3540
2𝜋(0.6278) ( 60 )
𝐵𝐻𝑃3 = = 0.312
746
 3540
2𝜋(0.6278) ( 60 )
𝐵𝐻𝑃4 = = 0.312
746
3540
2𝜋(0.6278) ( 60 )
𝐵𝐻𝑃5 = = 0.312
746
 Fan static efficiency
𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑐 𝑎𝑖𝑟 𝐻𝑃 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑝𝑢𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑓𝑎𝑛
𝑓𝑎𝑛 𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑐 𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑦 =
𝐵𝑟𝑎𝑘𝑒 𝐻𝑃 𝑖𝑛𝑝𝑢𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑓𝑎𝑛

0.1109
𝑓𝑎𝑛 𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑐 𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑦1 = = 35.344
0.312
0.1094
𝑓𝑎𝑛 𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑐 𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑦2 = = 35.05
0.312
0.1143
𝑓𝑎𝑛 𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑐 𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑦3 = = 36.647
0.312
0.1095
𝑓𝑎𝑛 𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑐 𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑦4 = = 35.083
0.312
0.1112
𝑓𝑎𝑛 𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑐 𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑦5 = = 35.638
0.312
 Fan total efficiency
𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑎𝑖𝑟 𝐻𝑃 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑝𝑢𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑓𝑎𝑛
𝑓𝑎𝑛 𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑦 =
𝐵𝑟𝑎𝑘𝑒 𝐻𝑃 𝑖𝑛𝑝𝑢𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑓𝑎𝑛

0.1109
𝑓𝑎𝑛 𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑦1 = = 35.55
0.312
0.11
𝑓𝑎𝑛 𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑦2 = = 35.256
0.312
0.115
𝑓𝑎𝑛 𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑦3 = = 36.853
0.312
0.1101
𝑓𝑎𝑛 𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑦4 = = 35.289
0.312
0.1118
𝑓𝑎𝑛 𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑦5 = = 35.844
0.312
X.GRAPH
a.) Static head versus flow

Static Head vs Flow

0.12

Discharge Flow, m3/s 0.1

0.08

0.06

0.04

0.02

0
65 65.5 66 66.5 67 67.5 68 68.5
Static Head

b.) Total head versus flow

Total Efficiency vs Flow

0.12

0.1
Discharge Flow, m3/s

0.08

0.06

0.04

0.02

0
65 65.5 66 66.5 67 67.5 68 68.5 69
Total Head
c.) Static efficiency versus flow

Static Efficiency vs Flow

0.12

0.1
Discharge Flow, m3/s

0.08

0.06

0.04

0.02

0
34.8 35 35.2 35.4 35.6 35.8 36 36.2 36.4 36.6 36.8
Static Efficiency, %

d.) Total efficiency versus flow

Total Efficiency vs Flow

0.12

0.1
Discharge Flow, m3/s

0.08

0.06

0.04

0.02

0
35 35.2 35.4 35.6 35.8 36 36.2 36.4 36.6 36.8 37
Total Efficiency, %