ME ELECTIVE 2

(CORRELATIONAL
COURSE)
TOPICS: DIESEL POWER PLANT ENGINEERING
 DIESEL POWER PLANT
 Diesel Engine is an excellent prime mover for electric
power generation in capacities of 101 hp to 5070 hp.
These are widely used in hotels, utility companies,
municipalities and private industries.
 Following are the elements of the design of diesel power
plant:
1. Stationary Diesel Engine
2. Lubricating System
3. Cooling System
4. Intake and Exhaust System
5. Starting System
6. Governing System
 DIESEL POWER PLANT
 Advantage of the Diesel Engine
1. Cost of diesel engine is cheaper than other fuels
2. It needs no long warming up
3. It has no standby losses
4. It has uniformly high efficiency of all sizes
5. It has a simple plant layout
6. It needs no large water supply
 PERFORMANCE OF DIESEL POWERPLANT
Heat Supplied by the Fuel; Piston Displacement;

𝑄 𝑓 =𝑚 𝑓 𝑞 h 𝑉 𝐷 =𝐿𝐴𝑁 𝑟 𝐶𝐴 𝑁 𝑠
Where: = length of stroke
Where: = mass flow rate of fuel
cross-sectional area of piston
= heating value of the fuel = piston speed in rpm
C=no. of cylinders
Piston Velocity; V
A= no. of acting cylinders
Air-Fuel Ratio; A/F type of stroke 𝑉 =2 𝐿𝑁
𝐴 𝑚𝑎 For 4 stroke,
=
𝐹 𝑚𝑓 For 2 stroke, only

Where: = mass flow rate of air

 PERFORMANCE OF DIESEL POWERPLANT
Indicated power is the power developed by the action Brake power is the power delivered to a shaft. It is always less
of a piston within a cylinder, so named because it is than the indicated power for a given engine because some of the
measured by use of an indicator. work developed by the cylinders is used to overcome the
friction of running the engine.
𝑃 𝑖 =𝑝 𝑚𝑖 𝑉 𝐷
Where: indicated mean effective pressure 𝑃 𝑏=𝑝𝑚𝑏𝑉 𝐷 𝑃 𝑏=2 𝜋𝑇𝑁
Planimeter measures the area of actual PV diagram Where:=brake mean effective pressure
traced by the engine indicator.
volume displacement
𝐴𝑐 𝑆 𝑐
𝑝 𝑚𝑖 = =torque )
𝐿𝑐
rotational speed of shaft
Where: area of an indicator card diagram
force = radius of shaft
spring scale
=length of indicator card diagram
 PERFORMANCE OF DIESEL POWERPLANT
Friction power is the power dissipated in an engine
through friction.
𝑃 𝑓 =𝑝 𝑚𝑓 𝑉 𝐷 𝑃 𝑓 =𝑃 𝑖 − 𝑃 𝑏
Where: friction mean effective pressure
Mechanical Efficiency;
Calculation of friction power using Morse Test Method applied to
Multi-cylinder Engines
Total indicated power for n-engine
𝑃 𝑖 ( 𝑛 )=𝑛( 𝑃 𝑏 (𝑛 ) − 𝑃 𝑏 (𝑛 −1 ))
If one cylinder is cut or n-1 cylinders are firing

𝑃𝑏 𝑝 𝑚𝑏 𝑃 𝑖 ( 𝑛−1 )=𝑃 𝑏 ( 𝑛 ) − 𝑃 𝑓 ( 𝑛−1 )

𝑒 𝑚= 𝑒 𝑚=
𝑃𝑖 𝑝𝑚𝑖

Generator Efficiency; Note that no matter how many cylinders are firing, the friction power
𝑃𝑔 is constant.
𝑒𝑔 =
𝑃𝑏

Where: generator power

 PERFORMANCE OF DIESEL POWERPLANT
Indicated Thermal Efficiency Indicated Engine Efficiency
𝑃𝑖 𝑒𝑖𝑡 𝑃𝑖
𝑒 𝑖𝑡 = 𝑛𝑖 = 𝑛𝑖 =
𝑄h 𝑒𝑡 𝑃𝑡

Brake Thermal Efficiency Brake Engine Efficiency

𝑃𝑏 𝑒 𝑏𝑡 𝑃𝑏
𝑒 𝑏𝑡 = 𝑛𝑏 = 𝑛𝑖 =
𝑄h 𝑒𝑡 𝑃𝑡

Volumetric Efficiency
Combined Thermal Efficiency
𝑉𝑎 𝑚𝑎 𝑅𝑎 𝑇 𝑎
𝑃𝑔 𝑛𝑣 = 𝑉 𝑎=
𝑒𝑔 = 𝑉 𝐷 𝑃𝑎
𝑄h
Where: =actual volume of air
 PERFORMANCE OF DIESEL POWERPLANT
Indicated specific fuel consumption; Indicated H

Brake specific fuel consumption; Brake H

Combined specific fuel consumption; Combined H

Generator speed;
120 𝑓 Where: f=frequency Hz p=no.of poles
𝑁𝑟 =
𝑝
 PERFORMANCE OF DIESEL POWERPLANT
Engine Operated at High Altitudes

𝑃𝑎=𝑃 𝑠
𝑃 𝑎𝑡𝑚 𝑇
( √ )
29.92 520
Where: = actual pressure
𝑃𝑎=𝑃 𝑠
atmospheric Pressure
( √ )
𝑃 𝑎𝑡𝑚 𝑇
101.325 288.6
pressure at sea level new temperature at high altitude in absolute

1. The decrease in pressure is approximately 1 inHg per 1000 ft elevation.

h
𝑃 𝑎=29.92− 𝑖𝑛𝐻𝑔
1000
2. The decrease in temperature is approximately 3.6°R per 1000 ft elevation.
3.6 h
𝑇 =520 − 𝑖𝑛𝐻𝑔
1000