LAB SESSION# 8

To find out brake power and specific

fuel consumption of Stuart diesel engine
THEORY

Maximum BHP = 12 hp
Maximum speed = 2000 rpm
Equipped with DC electrical dynamometer
Swept volume per cylinder = 250 CC

Apparatus's terminology and its functions

1) Tachometer:
“It is a device used to measure the rotational speed (rpm).”
2) Dynamometer:
“It is a device used to measure the torque. There are many types of
dynamometer but in the lab we use electrical dynamometer.”
3) Fuel Metering Device:
“It is used to measure that how much quantity of fuel have been consumed in
specific interval of time.”
4) Water Tube Manometer:
“It contains water in its tube. This is used to measure pressure difference.”

Procedure
1. Start the engine using DC machine which acts as a starting motor as well as
dynamometer.
2. Verify that air and water circuits are running.
3. Determine engine speed in rpm with the help of tachometer.
4. Note the corresponding voltage and current with the help of voltmeter and
ammeter.
5. Take time for 25ml fuel from fuel metering system by the help of stop watch in
seconds.
6. From these values calculate BP, FC, SFC and AFR (air to fuel ratio).

Observations and Calculations

Observations

Generator efficiency = ƞg = 85 %
Swept volume per cylinder = 250 cc
Density of diesel fuel = ρf= 778 kg/m
Diameter of the orifice = d=38.07 mm
Ambient pressure = Pa= 1.01325 bar = 1.01325x10$ N/m2
Ambient temperature =Ta = 17 °C = 290.16 K.
Brake Power
“The power available at the shaft of the engine is called Brake Power.”
𝑉×𝐼(𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑝𝑢𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑟)
Brake Power = BP =
ƞ𝑔(𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑟)

Where,
V= Voltage as read from electrical dynamometer.
I=Current as read from electrical dynamometer.
Indicated Power
The maximum possible power produced by the engine.
IP = BP + frictional losses
 Fuel Consumption
“Amount of fuel consumed in a specific interval of time is known as fuel
consumption.”
Pf xVF
𝑚𝑓 𝜌𝑓×𝑣𝑓
Fuel Consumption = FC= = 𝑀𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑓𝑙𝑜𝑤 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑓𝑢𝑒𝑙 =
𝑡 𝑡

t = Time for 25 ml fuel

𝜌𝑓 × 𝑣𝑓 778 × 250 × 10−6 𝑘𝑔
𝑚𝑓 = = = 1.69 × 10−3
𝑡 114.5 𝑠𝑒𝑐

Specific Fuel Consumption:

“The ratio of mass flow rate of fuel to brake power is called specific fuel
consumption.”
𝑚𝑓
Specific Fuel Consumption = SFC =
𝐵𝑃
𝑚𝑓 1.69×10−3 𝑘𝑔
SFC = = = 2.535
𝐵𝑃 670.6 𝑊𝑠

Air to Fuel Ratio:

“The ratio of maximum flow rate of air to the mass flow rate of fuel is called
air fuel ratio.”
𝐴 𝑚𝑎
Air to fuel ratio = =
𝐹 𝑚𝑓

ma = Mass flow rate of air = A×Va× ρa

Where,
𝜋
A = area of orifice = d 2 {d=diameter of orifice=38.07mm}
4
 𝐾𝐽
𝑅 = 𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑓𝑖𝑐 𝑔𝑎𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡 = 0.287
𝐾𝑔𝐾
𝑃𝑎
ρa = density of air = 𝑃𝑎 = 𝑎𝑚𝑏𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒 = 1.01325 × 105
𝑁
𝑅×𝑇𝑎 𝑚2
{ 𝑇𝑎 = 𝑎𝑚𝑏𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑡𝑒𝑚𝑝𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑒 = 290.16 𝐾 }

Volumetric efficiency
̇
𝑉𝑎
𝜂𝑉 = ,
𝑉𝑠̇
 GRAPHS

Graph between Engine speed and air to fuel ratio

Graph between Engine speed and Brake power

 Graph between Engine speed and Fuel Consumption

Graph between Engine speed and Specific Fuel Consumption

 Graph between Engine speed and Volumetric efficiency

=================THE END=================