Philippine History

Pre Spanish Era

1. Barangay – smallest political unit, consist of 30 to 100 families.

2. Datu – the leader of the barangay. The strongest, bravest, and wealthiest man in a barangay.
3. Two Kinds Law
a. Written Law
b. Unwritten Law
4. Omalohokan – the town crier
5. Sultanato (Sultanate) – a system of government base on the teaching of Islam
6. Sharif ul-Hashim - founder of sultanate in Philippines and the first sultanate
7. Sharif Kabungsuan - founder of sultanate in Mindanao
8. Muhammad – the last prophet and founder of Islam
9. Tarsila (salsila)- stating the origin of the races of sultan
10. Gadya- according to the historian Teodoro Agoncillo, the acient Filipino raised elephants they called Gadya
11. India, Indonesia, China, and Arabs – Filipinos traded with this foreigners.
12. India- the country which we do not have a direct trade,
13. Kangan- upper clothes of male
14. Bahag – the lower clothes of male
15. Putong – headgear of male, red putong-means the person killed someone, knitted putong-the person killed 7
people
16. Baro- upper clothe for the male
17. Saya- lower cloth for the female
18. Patadyong-lower clothe for the female of Visayan and red or white Tapis on the waiste
19. Pomaras – a jewelry in a rose shape
20. ganbanes- a golden bracelet worn in arms and ankle
21. Pintados- People with full of tattoos all over the body
22. Anito- Tagalogs spirits in nature
23. Diwata – Visayan spirits in nature
24. Animism – worshipping nature such as sun, mountains, river, ancient people believe that their dead loved ones
stayed in there.
25. Babaylan/Katalonan- a priestess/ a female who prays for the dead people and connect it on the living ones
26. Islam- a religion who believes in one God Allah
27. Qur’an- the holy book of Islam
28. baybayin – the alphabet of ancient Filipino, composed of 17 letters, with 3 vowels and 14 consonant letters
29. Gangsa – a bronze gong (musical instrument) used by the natives of Cordillera
30. Kaleleng – a musical instrument that plays using the nose, use by the natives of Bontok
31. Tambuli – a musical instrument made from the horn of carabao
32. Dallot – long verse spoken in musical way, to serenade a loveone by the Ilocano
33. Ayeg-klu - long verse spoken in musical way, to serenade a loveone by the Igorot
34. Pamulad Isda – a dance use to as to dry dried fish in Negros
35. Salidsid – a dance use for courting in Kalinga
36. Bangibang – a dance use for a person who killed violently in Ifugao
37. Bahay Kubo – the house of ancient Filipino
38. fayu o fale – houses in Cordillera
39. Torogan - houses in Mindanao
Spanish Era

1. Spain – the country that colonized the Philippines

2. Trinidad, Concepcion, San Antonio, Santiago, Victoria- the Five ships used by Magellan for the Westward
expedition, bringing 200 personnels
3. March 16, 1521 – the day when Magellan came to our land
4. Archipelago de San Lazaro – Magellan name the Philippines when he came first because that day is the fiest of
San Lazaro
5. Homonhon – the first island to reached by Magellan when he came to our land
6. Limasawa – After a week, Magellan came to the second Island, the Island of Limasawa
7. Rajah Kolambu – leader of Limasawa, he gave a basket of ginger and gold bar to Magellan, but Magellan refused
8. Marso 31, 1521 – the first mass was held in Limasawa
9. Father Pedro de Valderama- the priest who leads the mass
10. Cebu- April 7, Magellan docked in Sugbu now Cebu
11. Rajah Humabon – leader of Cebu who was baptized in their religion
12. Carlos – name of Humabon after being baptized, it is to pay respect to the King of Spain Carlos I
13. Mactan – the only Island who didn’t Magellan to come in their land.
14. Lapu-Lapu – the leader of Mactan
15. Zula – a native leader who influence Lapu Lapu to opposed Magellan
16. April 27, 1521 – Spaniards attacked Mactan
17. Concepcion- the ship which the natives burned as to proclaimed their victory against the Spaniard
18. Victoria – the only ship which that went back to Spain via Indian Ocean
19. Juan Sebastian Elcano – leader of the Spaniard who went back to Spain as Magellan was killed in the battle.
20. 18 persons- the only few Spaniards who manage to went back home out of 200 persons from the original count
21. Antonio Pegaffeta – a scholar and a traveler who tells about the details of Magellan’s Expedition
22. Jofre de Loaisa- he had his expedition going to the Philippines after Magellan but died in the middle of the
ocean because of illness
23. Alvaro Saavedra Ceron – third person to made the expedition and reached Surigao, Mindanao. As he went back
to Spain he died because of illness
24. Ruy Lopez de Villalobos – 4th person who managed to have his expedition and reached Mindanao
25. Felipina – a name given by Villalobos to Leyte as to pay tribute to Prince Philip of Spain, as he will be the next
King of Spain. Later on, the name Felipina became the name of the whole nation.
26. Miguel Lopez de Legazpi – an official of Mexico proclaimed by King Philip II and to lead the expedition going back
to the Philippines
27. Andres de Urdaneta – a priest who assisted Miguel Lopez de Legazpi in his expedition to the Philippines. He was
a part of the expedition of Loaisa
28. February 13 1565 – Legazpi reached Samar
29. Sikatuna – on March 6, 1565, Legazpi had a blood compact with Sikatuna
30. La Villa del Santisimo Nombre de Jesus – name given by Legazpi to Cebu
31. Paganism– worshipping many Gods or Gods and Goddesses in nature
32. Christianization – term use in doing the mission of the priests
33. The Five Religious Group of the Spaniard Priests who did their Mission
1. Augustinian 4. Dominican
2. Franciscan 5. Recollect
3. Jesuit

34. Reduccion – a mandate by the Spaniard Priests forcing the native Filipino to reside in a town or Pueblo
35. Pueblo – is an organized town where the center is the church along with municipal building, hospital and police
station
36. Cabecera – term used for the houses which were under the sound of the bell or in pueblo
37. Visita – term for the houses that resides in villages or barangay
38. Tulisanes – term use for the natives who doesn’t like to be under the rule of the Spaniard
39. Praylokrasya-church as the most powerful in religious, politics and social system
40. Royal Patronage – the connection of church and government where the government has a big significant in
supporting the church.
41. Regular Priest – Priest that belong to the religious group.
42. Secular Priest – are priest who are mestizo or with Spaniard’s blood or Chinese. They do not belong to any
religious group. They do not have the right to lead a parokya.If given, these are from far places.
43. Obras Pias – “holy work”. A foundation founded by church to take donations. this donation will be for the
charity, religious and education works.
44. Inquilinato – The hacienda was divided into parts and was leased to people.
45. Inquilino – the leasee of the land Chinese Mestizo
46. Kasama – are the workers in the inquilinato. They are the native Filipinos.
47. Baptism – first step in taking Christianism
48. Catechism – The study of Christianism
49. Doctrina Christiana – first book printed stating the facts about Christianism
50. Sacrament – to be a full Catholic a person should follow the seven sacraments.
51. Malacañan Palace – the official home/house of the President of the Philippines. It symbolizes the power of Spain
in our country during the Spanish Era.
52. Real y Supremo Consejo de indias (Royal and Supreme Council of the Indies) – a council thatgives advices to the
King of Spain about the governance of the colony of Spain
53. 1544 The Spanish Empire is divided into two viceroyalty 1. Viveroyalty of New Spain 2. Viceroyalty of Peru
54. Viceroyalty – are the territories or colony headed by a viceroy – the one proclaimed by the King of Spain
55. Central Government – situated in Manila headed by a Governor-General
56. Executive and Judicial – the two branches of government
57. Governor-General - holds the Executive power and the rules given from Spain.
58. Royal Audencia - has the highest judicial power of the colony
59. Cumplase – the power of the governor general to suspend the commands of the King of Spain and of the council
of the Indies
60. Palacio del Gobernador – the official house of the governor general in Intramuros, Manila. It was damaged by an
earthquake in 1863 and the resident of Governor General was placed in Palacio de Malacañan
61. Miguel Lopez de Legazpi the first Governor-General of the Philippines.
62. Diego de los Rios – the last governor-general of the Philippines.
63. Alcaldia – a province govern by an Alcalde Mayor
64. Corregidor – the one who leads in a corregimiento
65. Indulto de Comercio – the privilege of Alcalde Mayor and Corregidor to join in business
66. Konseho/ayuntamiento/cabildo – the one who leads a pueblo
67. Cabeza – the former Datus or their relativesthat govern the ancient Barangay
68. Principalia – the former datu and his family having a same life before the Spaniard came
69. Bandala – Force selling of products of the native farmers to the government.
70. Galyon Trade – they used the ship in trading products.
71. Jose Basco y Vargas – A governor General that promotes the reform in economics.
72. Puente Colgante – (Quezon Bridge)the first suspension bridge in Asia. Designed by Gustave Eiffel, the designer
of the famous Eiffel Tower in Paris, France.
73. Residencia – is a court that investigate in the works of the Governor General at the end of his service
74. Real Compania de Filipinas- founded to improve the agriculture and industry of the colony
75. Visita – the King of Spain orders visitor general to visit the colony without prior notice to investigate the
governance of the officer.
76. Tributo- economic system that citizens must pay taxes by money or product like rice, cotton, chicken, gold,
textile etc.
77. Cedula Personal – a piece of paper that states a person’s identity as a member of a community. 18 years olod
and up are required to pay for the cedula.
78. Polo Y Servicio – force laborof men ages 16 to 60 years old within 40 days
79. polista – the workers in force labor
80. Governor-General Narciso Claveria Bautista – he changes the way how to give names to Filipinos. Under Claveria
Decree of 1849. The names usually came from different saints