Thcrm3J end reactions can be pre~icted

for jacketed piping carrying a process

fluid in an inner pipe heated by st8:1m
b:.:f',jeen the pipe and jackGt !~ t4~"
I /'/'/'//'/;: n
Y
JACKETED -PIPING requires special stress anaiysis: Com-
monly used to convey very viscous pr~cess fluids in an
~I
I J
,(
/'
/'

/'
/'
/'

mner pIpe, neated by steam between the outer jacket ans! 0> I I)
inner pipe, thermal end reactions can be predicted. Vac- I I
cuum jacketing is also used as an insulator for cryogenic
fluicls and can be analyzed using the same calculation 1 ~
I I
v5pacers
'
shown as a restraint

method for heated jacketed piping.

By example, stress problems occuring with this type
i~
of piping system will be descrihed. The example assumes
I I
a process fluid requiring const.1nt, uniform heat not avail-
I I
able through steam or electrical tracing systems. It further
I I
ass,:mcs-the need for a stainless steel Lnner pipe or core
I }- 3-in sch. 1055 core pipe

and an outer carbon steel pipe or jacket. Since both pipes I I

are rigidly attached to flanges in spool pi.eces and each I 1,-4·in, sch,40 C stl jacket
pire has a difTerent. thermal e~pansion _coefficient, ~xial
- str~se~ will be _an_a_ly_·z_e_d_._
I I
Example. An isometric dra\',ing of the sample problem ~~~
is shown on Fig. 1. The construction is a three inch '" I I I
schedule '10 stainless steel core pipe with a four inch -( I I
schedu1e ,10 carbon steel jacket. The jacket covers the core I I
for its entire length and flanges arc used for system dis-
rnantlillg. The heating medium is 180 psi-saturated ste<\m;
proper collection and removal of condens:lte has been
assumed. I t has also been assumed that the core pipe
and j:lck~t pipe are at thenn:l! equilibrium.
Core/jacket stn:ss anaIJ~si". This ex:tIllple has a pro-
cess core pres,ure of.3'O'·[?sig";jwith jacket pressure at.J8CJ
psig, the.: core is su~ed to an' extern:ll pressurc of
150 psig. The core pipe must be investigated for col-
lapse or local buckling frolll the extemal pressure load,
COll\cntional techniques as outlined in the ANSI and
AS:\fl~ Coue.:s can be used.
Since the core is at the saine temper:lture as t~1<'jacket,
in this eX:lI11ple, thr only di!lcn.:utial exp:lnsion would be
expcricllccd fn.>lll the uifl""ll:IJ"': in tIll: coefficieJlt of cx-
pallSi",n hct\\cI'lI t!w st;liJlIt-" eof/.' alld carboJl steel
jad:t.:t. The cIJJllpn:ssi\'c :1Il<1 teJlsile stl<>:,('~ Oli b;; teadily
 6.\frJ ._ 6J --:-?}')~ .~ft~r t~.;__ L'qLi~\'3!f~:1t tLiL~<;. <~en
n3s h~~':II c·'"
? 0.2:37: mined: cor:-'LI"i(Jll;-,I flexibility all:llysis tedl! .•iq,..·~, Glil be:
applied to calculate stres,cs and end re;lc,ifJ!ls.
± 24,600 psi
Step by ste;J approach. :\ reasonable ap?roJ.ch to the:
PRs design and ana1ysis of jacketed systems is:
t 1. Establioh jJ,H,1:nctc'rs f(JI fLl'!:;" and spacer!gu:dcs loca-
tions. This is a significant consideration when there is dii-
180(2.25) _ 2( -810) (I 76) (22-' ferential expansion between the core and jacket.
0.237 0.237' . :J) 2. Perform a flexibility analysis of the core pipe when re-
2(-230) _ 0 _
quired by the constr-aints of No. I above.
± 0.237 (1./6t (2.2.) 3. Evaluate all combined stresses, i.e. discontir;uit;·, ther-
mal, etc., on an indi\'idual basis.
= 1710 + 27,100 -t- 13,550 = +2,360 psi outside 4. Perform a flexibility analysis, predicting stresses and
-15,310 psi inside end reactions, of the combined corel jacket section where
~3 (Radial) = 0
inherent flexibility appears to be minimal or strain-sensi-
<I, will not be combined with other loadings for the
tive equipment is used.
purpose of this analysis, but should always be evaluated.
5. 'Pay special attention to the local effects of vents, pres-
The longitudinal discontinuity stress then becomes: <I, sure taps, drains, etc. for their contrihution to the problem
- <I3 24,600 - 0 =
24,600 psi of differential core I jacket expansions.
Combined stresses at the juncture are then evaluated In this example, a computer analysis was perfol1lled for
which include: (a) discontinuity stresses, (b) axial col- the piping configuratioll shown on Fig. 1. Predicted jacket
umn IOZ!f1jpg froJ n dissimilar core and jacket, (c) pres- thennal bending stresse, were within the stn'ss limits estah-
sure stresses, (d) deadweight bending and (e) stresses lished by the analysis of the combined loading,;. \,\'ere this
im?oscd from thermal external bending loads. These not the case, additional flexibility would be required by
stress levels should then be weighed against a limit that geometry changes or a bellows type expansion joint would
wiJl ellSure cyclic elastic behavior at the joint. For this be provided on the jacket pipe. The bellows would, for
analysis we ha\'e taken the approach of ANSI B31.3 practical purposes, eliminate the axial column loading and
for total stress evaluation, Sa = 1.25 (Se +Sh) == Sr, where discontinuity stresses.
S e and Share 20,000 psi each: NOi\IENCLATURE
Am, Cross-sectional metal area of the carbon steel jacket.
24,600 psi (Longitudinal v A m. Cross-sectional metal area of the stainless steel core.
Direction) e Constant = 2 for a column with one end fixed and the
(b) Axial column loading, <Ie 6,860 psi (Jacket) V other free.
E Modulus of elasticity, psi
(c) Longitudinal Pressure I Momcnt of inertia, in.'
Stress = Y:z hoop stress K Ratio of ring radius to shell radius
= (PR./2t) J155 psi (Jacket) L Unsupported column length =
240 m. for a 20 ft. pipe
section
(d) Deadweight Bending 2,.QOo.psi, (Assumed) M. Momcnt, in.-lbs,
P Pressure within the jacket = 180 psi
34,315 psi r. Radius of gyration = 1.2 for SS core pipe, in.
r. Equivalent shcll radius, in.
The difference of combined stresses from (a) to (d), R Radius of carbon steel jacket, m.
compared to allowables can then be used as a minimum R. Ring radius at 300· F, in.
for: (e) thermal external bending loads. .R. Shell radius, in.
S. Allowable strcss, psi
In this example Sa = 1.25 (20,000 + 20.,000;---· S. Stress at ambient temperature. = 20,000 psi for example
from ANSI B31.3
== 50,OOOpsi'" S. Stress at operating temperature = 20,000 psi for examplc
Total (a) through (d)=--3"'.f;31S psi (Sl) from ANSI B31.3
Allowable t~errnal bending stress (e) 15,685 psi = S,
t
Longitudinal
Thickncss
strcss, psi
of the carbon sted pipe, in.
t. Equivalent shell thickncss representing the comhined mo-
Composite core/jacket analysis. Prediction of terminal menl; uf inertia of the composite corc and jackct
end reactions of the composite corel jacket sectioll can be !1T. Tempcrature difTcrcnce bctwccn avcrage ring tempcrature
and ambient, 0 F
determined by simulating a jacket sheJl thickness that is V. Shear, Ibs.
representative of the combined moments of inertia of the w Width of two pipc flanges, in.
core and the jacket pipe. In our example, the following W Max. or critical load on a structural column, Ibs.
fJ Total linear thcrmal exp:wsion betwcen 70 F and tcm- 0

applies: ~ perature of st,-alll at 180 psi, in.! I 00 ft.

3-il1. Scltt 10 Q.2.re,I .:=; 1.82 in4 E =- 28.3 (lOG) a Mcan coefficient of linear thermal cxransion hetwecn 70" F
and stealll at 180 l'si.
4~i-;-;Scl,lCl Jacket, 1== 7.32 in4 E =- 27.9( IV';) a, a of carbon steel pipc cOllsiJered as a shcll
Sidce, for the analysis, we will use the carbon steel a. a of sl"inle>s stecl f1allge cUllsiJercJ as a ring-
jacket with a moclulus of elasticity of 27.9 (lOG), an (1 Stress, psi
t Str;lin, in.!in.
adjustmclIt in the core moment of inertia would be: ~" DifTcrcn,'(" in strain bctWCCll .the core and j:\cket =, [/1 (SS
I = 1.82 (28.3 127.9) = 1.85 in· core) - fJ (C st!. jacket)] /1200 whcrc 1200 = lenilth of
Total equi valenl I == 1.85 in' + 7.32 in4 9.17 in4 = A
100 ft. pipe in inchcs
1.285/V1<.. t
Using an OJ) of 4.5 inch, the equivalellt shell thickne:;s
Sub.<cripl'
m; •..· be c:dclJlatcd
I
: 5 PcnaillS to st'-linll S5 steel curc
C Pnl"ills tu c"rholl stet'! jacket
9.17 L1TrR.\TURE CITED
1 C..-atud.d and ScbnciJcl-, "Sltc:'~l:3 in a Pln'.Utl.: Vt::s~d with Circuru(r:rcn·
30.2 tial Rill~ Stifft"nl'rs." a