LITERATURE REVIEWER
 Nile River – Cradle of Civilization
Pagka’t Lalaki Ka – Michael Coroza
 Second Person POV
 Speaker is female
 Kapag lalaki ka – matigas ang
kalooban mo.
 Personification – pagtanggal ng
mga mikrobyo sa isip, puso at
buong pagkatao.
 Tatlong na advice na ibinigay ng
nagsasalita sa tula:
1. Matuto kang umiyak
2. Matuto kang magsisi
3. Matuto kang pumatay
 Babel, Piramide, Koliseo, Ziggurat,
Templo, Imperyo
 Personification – maskuladong
pahina ng istorya
 Babae ay parang basyong walang
silbi
 Ang babae ay parang mother
nature
 Ang halaga lang daw ng babae ay
sa kumot
 Binura ang kasaysayan nila
 Lalaki kang magbabago ng kulay –
put an end to the cycle of violence
against women.
THE SPOUSE – Luis Dato
 Third Person POV
 Rural setting
 The poem is one of the earliest
literary attempts in English
 The wife was crying (weeping)
 The rose is an object left by her
husband.
 They had an affair the night before
(wakens love from sleeping)
 The Form behind the furrow is her
husband.
 Her husband is her Mind, Motion,
Time, and Space.
 There is a Sphinx beside the river
 The secret answer is the mystery
of love.
TUNGKUNG LANGIT AND ALUSINA
PANAY – A VISAYAN FOLKTALE
Adapted by F. Landa Jocano
 Third Person POV
 Characters are Tungkung Langit
and Alunsina
 Tungkung Langit – Pillar of the Sky
 Alunsina – The Unmarried One
 Tungkung Langit – Industrious,
Kind, Loving. His chief concern
was to impose order over the
whole confused set-up of things.
Regular cosmic movement.
 Alunsina – Lazy, Jealous, Selfish
 Breeze – spy of Alunsina
 Ungodly of Alunsina to be jealous
 Tungkung Langit, because of
anger, removed Alunsina’s powers.
 Necklace – stars
 Comb – moon
 Crown – sun
 Rain – tears of tungkung langit
 Myth of Creation
ANG BABAING NANGARAP NANG
GISING – Virgilio Almario
 POV – Third Person
 Rioalma – anagram
 Sandok na bali – Mahirap
 Planeta-t bitwin – madaling araw
palang
 Natukso sa lungson at bughaw na
layon.
 Aksesorya – imahe ng kahirapan
 Pagpikit nang nabuksan ang pinto
– takot, bangungot
 Saliw ng b’yolin
BABAING NAMUMUHAY NANG MAG-ISA
– Joi Barrios
 First person POV
 Siya ay:
1. Hiwalay sa asawa
2. Matandang dalaga
3. Kerida
4. Puta
 Batik at pilat – tanda ng kanyang
pag-iisa
 Pagsusulit na di nakayanan –
Failure
 Pagkukulang – feeling incomplete
 Tanso ang pagkatao – Fake
 Gusto ng speaker na magkaroon ng
pantay na pagtrato ang babae sa
mga lalaki
 Alisin ang double standard
BREAKING THROUGH – Myrna Pena
Reyes
 First person POV
 Apostrophe
 Speaker is the daughter
 Addressee is the father
 Parcel – central imagery
 Small box is a symbol
 The speaker is the box
 Tied tight and well, because the
box will go on a long journey
 Snapping the knots into place –
kind of upbringing
 This undoing is what binds us –
paradox
BRINGING THE DOLLS – Merlie M.
Alunan
 First Person POV
 2 Dolls
 One is missing an arm and a leg
 The other is blind in one eye
 No room for sentiment or memory
 The daughter still brought the doll
 They were in a boat turning
seaward
 Clean white years – symbolized
innocence.
THE GOD STEALER - Francisco Sionil
Jose
 Third Person POV
 Sam Christie – 28 Years Old
 Philip Latak – 26 Years Old
 They were in Baguio going to
Ifugao
 Sam Christie is originally from
Boston.
 White Label – wine that they first
drunk
 Philip is expecting rice wine
 Sam said that Baguio was like New
England in the spring.
 Grecian Urn, Siamese Mask,
Japanese Sword
 Sam worked in the Agency because
he loves to travel
 Philip’s grandfather was 80+ years
old.
 It was past noon when they
reached the feral fringes of the
Ifugao country.
 The trip reminded Sam of the
Alpine roads of Europe and those
of New England.
 Chapel, School, Hospital, Residence
– four red roofed buildings.
 Warm Coca-cola – beverage that
sadek gave Sam
 Reverend Doone - San Franciscan
priest
 Cataclysm – what is needed to
regain one’s soul
THE WEDDING DANCE – Amador T.
Daguio
 Awiyao – Husband
 Lumnay – Wife
 Madulimay – New Wife
 Kabunyan – God
 Awiyao had to re-marry because
he and Lumnay could not bear a
child. It was a tradition that a man
is not a man if he cannot bear a
child. They waited for seven
harvests.
 Log houses, pine trees, kabunyan –
They are not modern people
 Sacrificed chicken and pigs – for
Kabunyan to hear their prayers.
 Hard, strong, and kind – features of
Awiyao
 Beads – worth twenty fields. They
stand for the love Awiyao has for
Lumnay.
MAY DAY EVE – Nick Joaquin
 Boys arrived from Europe
 At the beginning of the story, the
date was April 30, 1847. The end
was on May 01, 1890.
 Author used a telescopic treatment
of time.
 The important prop is the Gold-
framed MIRROR.
 1847 – no devils
 1890 – no witches
 Candle – important object to be
able to see her lover.
 Anastasia – chaperone, St
Anastasia – born on Christmas Eve,
virgin and martyr.
 Agueda – different from the other
girls
 When the story did a flash
forward, Dona Agueda was talking
to her daughter.
 Devil has scar of sin, Papa has scar
of honor.
 Devil’s moustache was black and
elegant, Papa’s were dirty and
graying.
 The next returned to May 1.
 Agueda danced the waltz but did
not do a polka.
 Badoy Montiya – was drunk. He
called Agueda her Serrana.
 Agueda said that they have no
grace like the Parisiennes and no
fire like the Sevillians. They have
no salt- meaning that they are
bland.
 When Don Badoy Montiya was old,
over sixty, he joined the
illustrados. He changed. This
makes him a round character.
Agueda did not, thus making her a
flat character.
 Agueda had TB (consumptive)
 Evil old moon – evil new moon.
 Badoy was crying because after all
those years, Agueda has not
forgiven him. She thinks of him as
a monster, a devil.
BONSAI – Edith Tiempo
 Japanese art form that used
natural materials and made it
artificial. Used copperwires to
control its growth. Miniaturized.
Dwarfed.
 1st person POV
 Keeps all that the speaker loves in
a box, hollow post, in shoe.
 Son’s note, dad’s one gaudy tie,
roto picture of a young queen, blue
Indian shawl, money bill –
something that folds and keeps
easy. Shows how sentimental the
speaker is.
 Till seashells are broken pieces –
Memories.
PATALIM – Cirilo Bautista  His father died w/in five years
 First person POV  The year after, he got his wife
 Male – ang sinta niyang mahal ay pregnant.
nagpapasuso ng bunsong anak.  They have four boys – his proof of
 Speaker is poet. masculinity. Another child is on
 Sa babae – talak the way.
 Sa lalaki – titig  “Water is still a problem and the
 They don’t go to sleep in conflict. drum is still there, deep and rusty”
– shows that he was traumatized
LAJI 97 by the experience.
Whose Face Do I Behold  “My family that loves me for my
Muyin Para Ninu bitter breath” – ungrateful for his
Translated by Florentino Hornedo family
 First Person POV
 By the Ivatans – Batanes, Babuyan
Islands
 About love
 To consume – transubstantiation.
 “Be drunk along with every cup of
water you drink” – Apostrophe
 Death does not mean the death of
love.
THE CONVERSION
J. Neil Garcia

 FIRST PERSON POV

 Beginning: Flashback
 Situational Irony – The family that
loved him put him in a metal drum.
 Laundry lay caked and smelly,
Dishes soiled with fat and swill,
cousins lost in masks of snot and
dust – images that show dirtiness
of environment
 Uncles were MUSCULAR
 He hid in the corner his dead
mother’s cabinet
 “Girl or Boy” – the question asked
by the father
 He answered Girl at first but then
gave in to the pressure to “bring
this diversion to its happy end”
 Stopped wearing mothers clothes,
holes on ears grew smaller –
shows how he changed.