21st CENTURY REVIEWER  Abyang Duruunun (2nd)

 Son: Abyang Baranugan

(defeated Saragnayan)
OVERVIEW OF PHL LIT HISTORY  Monster: Sikay Pandalogdog
(100 arms)
 21st Century Literature (Isagani Cruz)
 Malitong Yawa Singmaling Diwata
PH Lit + World Lit = 21st Century (3rd)
 Must defeat: Saragnayan
Why the change in the curriculum?
 L.D. submerged Saragnayan
1. Innovations done in education underwater for 7 years (S
2. Developments in digital writing survived)
3. Technological advances in the  L.D. didn’t surpass the power
publishing industry of pamlang (amulet) and was
imprisoned
 A Survey of PHL Literature (Crisobal o HUMADAPNON (2nd son)
Zarco) - Monster: Piganun (defeated through
- Default condition of the PH Lit: throwing 7 slices of ginger into the
obscurity fire)
- Rizal – praised by all, read by few - Fought Buyong Makabagting in
order to marry the goddess of greed
HINILAWOD
(Burigadang Pada Sinaklang
Setting: Panay/Negros Bulawan)
o DUMALAPDAP (Youngest)
o ALUNSINA
- Monster: Balanakon (2 headed)
- Goddess of the Eastern Sky
- Monster: Uyutang (bat like monster
- Laun Sina (Unmarried one)
with sharp poisonous claws)
- Datu Paubari’s wife
 Fought with him for 7 months
o DATU PAUBARI
- Ruler of Halawod THE MYTH OF BERNARDO CARPIO
o MAKLIUM-SA-‘TWAN
Setting: San Mateo
- God of Plains
- Wanted to bring harm to Alunsina & o Bernardo Carpio
Paubari - Handsome young man with
o SUKLANG MALAYON extraordinary strength
- Sister of Alunsina - Loves forest
- Warned A&P about the evil plan of - Name is from the hero Bernardo de
Maklium Carpio (Spanish)
o LABAW DONGGON (Eldest) o Enchanted Creature
- 3 wives - Envious and revengeful
 Angoy Ginbitinan (1st)  Chinallenge ng EC si BC sa forest
 Son: Aso Mangga  Laging nananalo si BC kaya gusto ng
 Monster: Manalintad revenge ng EC
 Proof: monster’s tail  Chinallenge niya ulit si BC tapos may 2
slab of stones sa forest
  Nung nasa gitna ng stones si BC
biglang nag move towards BC yung  Argument # 4
stones kaya naipit siya - Lack of protection of Spaniards to
 Pinaniniwalaan ng mga taga San natives
Mateo na everytime nalindol si BC - Natives became nomads
lang yun gusto kumawala  Argument # 5
- Limited trainings and education
FLORANTE AT LAURA (FRANCISCO
 Argument # 6
BALTAZAR)
- Gambling = instant wealth
o ALADIN  Argument # 7
- Muslim prince - Fallacious beliefs are thought to the
- Flerida natives
o FLORANTE - Poor man = easier to go to heaven
- Son of Duke Briseo  Argument # 8
- Laura - High tax collections to natives
o DUKE BRISEO - Spaniards are afraid that natives
- Father of Florante might get richer than them
o SULTAN ALI-ADAB
SUMMER SOLSTICE (Nick Joaquin)
- Father of Aladin
o ADOLFO Tadtarin/Tatarin – fertility (female)
- Killed Duke Briseo
St. John’s Day – fertility (male)
o ANTENOR
- Teacher of Florante o DONYA LUPENG – mother of three sons
o DON PAENG – husband of Donya
INDOLENCE OF THE FILIPINOS (Jose Rizal)
Lupeng
Indolence – laziness o AMADA – maid; triggers DL’s desire to
partake in the Tadtarin
- Little love for work and lack if energy
o ENTOY – husband of Amada
- Published in La Solidaridad
 Nagising si Lupeng dahil sa sigaw tas
nakita niya si Amada half naked &
 ARGUMENTS
nasigaw
 Argument #1
 Sinabi ni Entoy na pumunta si Amada
- Indolence in the PHL is a chronic
sa Tadtarin
malady, but not a hereditary one”
 Sumali rin si Lupeng sa ritual
- Malady: Indolence
 Pinipigilan siya ni Paeng kaso
- Physician: Spaniards/Friars
napagtulungan siya ng mga babae
- Patient: PHL natives
 Pagkauwi nilang dalawa tuturuan ng
- Indolence in the PHL is a long-lasting
leksyon ni Paeng si Lupeng (Mahal
disease
niya raw si Lupeng kaya dapat turuan
 Argument # 2
ng leksyon)
- Establishment of Galleon Trade cut
 Sumigaw si Lupeng ng ayaw niya ng
off previous associations except
respect ang gusto niya adoration
Mexico
 Argument # 3
- Forced labor (polo y servicio)
DEAD STARS (Paz Marquez Benitez) - STANZA 5: shows how the prices
increase and the river slowly dying
Setting: Holy Week
- STANZA 7: shows the river is slowly
o ALFREDO SALAZAR filled up with trash and how people
- Lawyer destroy it
- Engaged to Esperanza - INDUSTRIALIZATION – ruined the river
- Loves Julia Salas
LUNDAGIN MO BABY! (Gilda Cordero
o ESPERANZA
Fernando)
- Fiancé of Alfredo
o JULIA SALAS - Nationalism
o DON JULIAN - Arguments: Filipinos are…
- Father of Alfredo ~ productive
o CALIXTA ~ hygienic
- Note carrier of E and A ~ optimistic and high-risk taker
o BRIGIDA SAMUY ~ their source of strength are their
- Whom Alfredo is looking for families
- Reason why he met Julia
COLLEGE UNEDUCATION (Jorge Bocobo)
 Nagfafade na yung love ni Alfredo kay
Esperanza Arguments:
 Nakita ni Alfredo si Julia sa bahay ni
1. BOOK WORSHIP
Judge Del Valle tapos nagustuhan niya
- Students surrender their individuality
 Napaisip si Alfredo kung anong dapat
to the text book
gawin niya, to do what he should do or
2. PROFFESIONAL PHILINTINISM
do what he wants to do
- Over specialization of a student’s
 Pinakasalan niya si Esperanza
profession
 Narealize niya after 8 years, wala na
3. MISGUIDED ZEAL
siyang feelings for Julia
- Beclouds our vision of broader
 Yung love niya kay Julia = dead star
perspectives
(non-existent)
LITERARY APPROACHES
DUSK (Carlos Angeles)
1. HISTO-BIO – historical events;
- Death of a loved one
reflection of its author’s life and times
- Quatrain
2. MORALIST – moral/values
- 10 syllables per line
3. FORMALIST - style, structure, tone,
THE PASIG RIVER (Ricaredo Demetillo) imagery, etc.
4. PSYCHOLOGICAL – desires, motives,
- Abuse of the human beings to the
personalities, philosophical theories
environment
5. MYTHOLOGICAL-ACHETYPAL
- Cinquain (16 stanzas)
6. READER-RESPONSE - describe what
- STANZA 1-3: emphasizes the beauty
happens in the reader’s mind while
of Pasig River (can be used for
interpreting the text
transportation, business, etc.)
7. MARXIST – social class, economics,
- STANZA 4: shows how trading was
politics
good
 9. Total of your height and weight
10. Weight in Kgs ÷ Height in M2 = BMI

BMI Classification
below - Underweight
18.5 to 24.99 - Normal
25 to 29.99 - Overweight
HOPE 1 REVIEWER
30 above - Obese
SKILL RELATED FITNESS - helps you to
perform better in different kinds of sports
PHYSICAL FITNESS - capacity of each
 SPEED
individual to accomplish daily task with
11. Cover a distance in a short period of
extra energy for leisure and emergency
time
cases
 POWER
HEALTH RELATED FITNESS – ability of the 12. Release maximum force very quickly
heart, lungs, muscles and joints to function  COORDINATION
at optimal capacity 13. Produce smooth, quick, and
efficiently controlled movements
 CARDIO RESPIRATORY FITNESS
 BALANCE
4. Ability of the heart lungs and
14. Ability to be stable
vascular system to function at
 AGILITY
moderate to high intensity over an
15. Change direction quickly
extended period of time
 REACTION TIME
 MUSCULAR STRENGTH
16. amount of time it takes to make a
5. Ability of the muscles to exert force
physical response once you see the
in a short period of time
need to take and action
 MUSCULAR ENDURANCE
6. Ability of the muscles to exert force
in a long period of time
 FLEXIBILITY
7. Ability of the muscles to move joints
with ease
 BODY COMPOSITION
8. Amount of muscles, and fat tissues in
your body

 BODY MASS INDEX


ORAL COMM REVIEWER
5 BASIC ELEMENTS OF COMMUNICATION
 SENDER
 RECEIVER
 MESSAGE
 CHANNEL
 FEEDBACK
TENETS OF COMMUNICATION
1. Communication is dynamic – all its
elements interact and affect one
another
2. Communication is unrepeatable and
irreversible – every communication
experience is unique even if people
are saying the same thing
4 C’s (Lee McGaan)
 COMMITMENT - must be committed
to the idea that effective
communication is a high priority in
their jobs
 CONTEXT – both share same context
to avoid miscommunication
 CONSISTENCY – words and actions
must be consistent to avoid
suspicions
 CONCERN – concern with the
receiver’s point of view
TEN TENETS OF COMMUNICATION (Rich
Maggiani)
1. HONEST – builds rapport with your
audience
2. CLEAR – enables audience to get
the message as you intended
3. ACCURATE – inaccuracy can bring
the contents of an entire document
into question
4. COMPREHENSIVE
5. ACCESIBLE
6. CONCISE
7. CORRECT – complies with the basic
rules of writing
8. TIMELY – avoid information that is no
longer beneficial or necessary
9. WELL DESIGNED – how a document
looks speaks loudly
10. BUILD GOODWILL – consider your
audience and speak to them as you
write
5 AXIOMS OF COMMUNICATION (Gamble
and Gamble)
 You cannot not communicate
 Every interaction has content
dimension and a relationship
dimension
 Every interaction is defined by how it
is punctuated
 Messages consists of verbal symbols
and nonverbal cues
 Interactions are either symmetrical or
complimentary
- SYMMETRIC RELATIONSHIP -
parties involved behave as
equals from a power perspective
- COMPLEMENTARY RELATIONSHIP -
unequal power, such as parent-
child, boss-employee or leader-
follower
BARRIERS OF COMMUNICATION
o Environmental – noise
o Attitudinal – behavior
o Psychological – psychological state
of the receiver
 o Physical – geographical location
o Physiological – may result to the
receiver’s state
o Language
* JARGON – terminologies used and
understand by a group of people
only

FUNCTIONS OF COMMUNICATION

 INFORMATIVE
- Inform other people
 INSTRUCTIVE
- Instruct people on what to do,
when and where to do them,
and on why and how to do them
 PERSUASIVE
- Change their perspective and
opinion
 MOTIVATION
- Reach their objectives in life
- Use positive language
 AESTHETIC
- For pleasure and enjoyment
- Used in poems, movies, etc.
 THERAPEUTIC
- Talk to another merely to vent our
feelings
 REGULATION
- Maintain control over other
people’s attitude and behavior
 SOCIAL
- Relationship to other people
INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION

o Status
o Gender
o Religion
o Culture
o Age