SUBMITTED BY

NAME OF GROUP MEMBERS: ROLL NUMBERS

1. WAHEED ALI 2019-CV-069
2. HASAN NAEEM 2019-CV-070
3. FAHAD MEHMOOD 2019-CV-071
4. NASIR SHAIKH 2019-CV-072
5. SUFIYAN 2019-CV-073
6. SHAHARYAR 2019-CV-074
7. FARHAN 2019-CV-075
8. MOHSIN 2019-CV-076
9. RAZA 2019-CV-077
10. ESAR ALI 2019-CV-078
11. SHAFAQ FATIMA 2019-CV-062
12. MAHAM GUL 2019-CV-063
13. M.AHMED AYAZ 2019-CV-067

ASSISTED BY: ENGR. NAHID MUSHARRAF AND ENGR. ARSALAN SYED

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

INTRODUCTION:
The axis of the beam deflects from its initial position under action of applied forces.
Accurate values for these beams deflections are sought in many practical case: elements
of machines must be sufficiently rigid to prevent misalignment and to maintain
dimensional accuracy under load; in buildings ,floor beams cannot deflect excessively to
avoid the undesirable psychological effect of flexible floors on occupants and to minimize
or prevent distress in brittle-finish materials; likewise, information on deformation
characteristics of members is essential in the study of vibrations of machines as well as of
stationary and flight structures.

OBJECTIVE:
The object of the experiments is to measure the support
reactions for a variety of configurations of simply
supported beams.
1. single load
2. multiple loads
3. cantilever reaction

SCOPE:
To study the behavior of beams with different end conditions when subjected to external
static loads of different behaviors. The study extends to determining the shear force &
bending moment diagrams and deflection profiles of beams. It also enables us to obtain
maximum values of shear force, bending moment and deflection for different loading
conditions on single type of beam.

LIMITATIONS:
Deflection of concrete beam is acceptable to a some limit which are specified by our
Codes . These codes specify the amount of deflection in Beam are acceptable. And
Deflection limits depend on the codes being used for design of structures (ACI ,Eurocode
and Indian Standard ).
There are various causes that lead to excessive deflections in concrete Beam and it
decreases the life of the structure;
  Material used in the Beam.
 Ignorance in design of beam when we select small depth for beam but in most
cases lead to excessive deflection.
 Decrease in thickness of the beam.
 It happens when we provide no reinforcement in Tension Zone of the beam.
 when we avoid permissible deflection criteria.
 Creep and shrinkage in flexural members.

EQUIPMENT:

Apparatus

Ruler
Weights and mass handler dial gauge

Two supports Beam

EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE:
1. Set the knife supports at determined positions along the frame and mount the beam
to be tested.
2. The material, width, thickness, and length between supports should be measured
and recorded for later use.
3. Place dial gauges along lengths of the test area (the area between the knife
supports) and set the gauges to read zero with no load applied (place any one dial
gauge on the center of the simply supported beam to measure the actual maximum
deflection)
4. Adding the hook and hanger to the any preferred point of the beam (where the
load P will be acting) at a distance X from right support or left support (in our case x is
measured from left support), record the new readings for the gauges.
5. Add new loads onto the hanger, recording the new deflections for each gauge after
every loading and the support reactions are calculated by using eq 1.
6. The theoretical deflection is calculated by using the formula mentioned in the
worksheet provided.
7. The comparison is done with the theoretical and actual deflections and Percentage
error is calculated.

RESULTS:
PRACTICAL RESULT
S.NO. LOADING CONDITIONS RA RB
1. SINGLE POINT LOAD AT ½ (P=5 N) 2.5 N 2.5 N
2. SINGLE POINT LOAD AT 1/3 (P=5 N) 3.35 N 1.67 N
TWO POINT LOADS (P1=5 N) AND (P2=10 N) AT 1/3 OF BOTH
3. ENDS. 6.65 N 8.35 N
TWO POINT LOADS (P1=5 N) AND (P2=10 N) AT VARIABLE
4. LENGTHS. 7N 8N
THREE POINT LOADS (P1=5 N) AND (P2=10 N) AND (P3= 15 N) AT
5. ¼ OF BOTH ENDS. 12.5 N 17.5 N
THREE POINT LOADS (P1=5 N) AND (P2=10 N) AND (P3=15 N) AT
6. 1/6 OF BOTH ENDS. 11.66 N 18.34 N
CALCULATIONS:
CASE # 1
Case: Single point load at l/2 distance.

500 gm

To calculate the reaction forces,

Taking moment around A=0 I.e M@A=0,

-500(0.5m)+RB(1m)=0

RB= 250 gm

Taking sum of forces along y-axis= 0,

RA-500+250=0

RA= 250 gm
 CASE# 2
Case: single point load at l/3 distance.

∑M@A=0

-500(0.33)+RB(1)=0

RB= 167 gm

∑Fy=0
RA-500+167=0

RA= 335 gm

200
400

300 150
200
100
100

40 120
 CASE# 3

Case: Two point loads at l/3 distance from both ends.

∑M@A=0

-500(0.33)-1000(0.67)+RB(1)=0

RB= 835 gm

∑FY=0

RA-500-1000+835=0

RA= 665 gm
 1000 1000

800
500
600

400
120
200

100 120

CASE# 4

Case: Two point loads at variable distance.

∑M@A=0

-500(0.2)-1000(0.7)+RB(1)=0

RB= 800 gm
 ∑FY=0

RA-500-1000+800=0

RA= 700 gm

1000 300
250
500 200
150
100

40 120

CASE# 5

Case: Three point loads at l/4 distance from both sides.

1000 gm
1500 gm

∑M@A=0

-500(0.25)-1000(0.5)-1500(0.75)+RB(1)=0

RB= 1750 gm
 ∑FY=0

RA-500-1000-1500+1750=0

RA= 1250 gm

1500 600
1000 500
500 400
300
60 120
200
100

80 100 120

CASE# 6

Case: Three point loads at l/6 distance from both ends.

1500 gm
1000
gm

1000 gm
1500 gm

∑M@A=0

-500(0.166)-1000(0.5)-1500(0.834)+RB(1)=0
 RB= 1834gm

∑FY=0

RA-500-1000-1500+1834=0

RA= 1166 gm

1500 400

1000 350
300
500
250
200
80 120
150
100

80 100 120