Theory of Shells

Assignment - 3
Mr. Sukalyan Sarkar
Master of Engineering (Structural Engineering)
1st Semester
2020 - 2022
Roll - 002010402005
Civil Engineering department
Jadavpur University
Kolkata -700032
 CONTENTS
SL. NO. ITEM PAGE NO.
1 DIMENSIONING 1
2 MATERIALS 1
3 LOAD CALCULATION 1
4 CALCULATION OF RADIUS OF CURVATURE AND SEMI CENTRAL ANGLE 3
5 CALCULATION OF FORCE COMPONENTS AT EDGE BEAM 4

6 CALCULATION OF FORCE COMPONENTS AT CROWN ALONG LINE PARALLEL 8

TO EDGE BEAM
7 CALCULATION OF FORCE COMPONENTS AT DIAPHRAGM END 12

8 CALCULATION OF FORCE COMPONENTS AT CROWN ALONG LINE PARALLEL 17

TO DIAPHRAGM
 CONTENTS
SL. NO. ITEM PAGE NO.
1 CALCULATION OF STRESSES DUE TO Nx 1
2 CALCULATION OF ρ & k ALONG EDGE BEAM 1
3 CHECK FOR BUCKLING IN COMPRESSION DUE TO Nx 1
4 CALCULATION OF STRESSES DUE TO Nɸ 4
5 CALCULATION OF ρ & k ALONG DIAPHRAGM 4
6 CHECK FOR BUCKLING IN COMPRESSION DUE TO Nɸ 5
7 REINFORCEMENT CALCULATION FOR TENSILE Nx & Nxɸ 7
8 REINFORCEMENT CALCULATION FOR TENSILE Nɸ & Nxɸ 10
9 EDGE THICKENING NEAR SUPPORTS OF EDGE BEAM 13
10 REINFORCEMENT DETAIL DRAWING: 14
ANALYSIS OF A SINGLY CURVED SHELL DATE: 5/24/2022

STEP 1: DIMENSIONING

0.075 m thick

8m
1m

6m

Chord width = 6m
Span length = 8m
Shell thickness = 0.075 m
Rise = 1m

STEP 2: MATERIALS

Concrete grade = M 25
Reinforcement steel grade = Fe 500

STEP 3: LOAD CALCULATION

Live load = 0.75 kN/m2 (As per Table 2 of IS:875 (Part 2)-1987 for roofs where access is not
provided except for maintenance)
ANALYSIS OF A SINGLY CURVED SHELL DATE: 5/24/2022

Unit weight of concrete = 25 kN/m3

Dead load = 0.075*25
= 1.875 kN/m2
Dust load = 0.5 kN/m2 (typical)

As per Note 1 of Table 2 of IS:875 (Part 2)-1987,

Imposed load = MAX(0.75,0.5)

= 0.75 kN/m2

Imposed load is distributed on span area like snow load, whereas dead load is distributed on curved area.
ANALYSIS OF A SINGLY CURVED SHELL DATE: 5/24/2022

STEP 4: CALCULATION OF RADIUS OF CURVATURE AND SEMI CENTRAL ANGLE

0.075 m thick

8m
1m

6m
ɸc
R- 1 R
m
3m

R = radius of curvature
ɸc = semi central angle

R2 = 3^2 + (R - 1 )2
R =
2
9 + (R - 1 )2
R =
2
9 + R2-2R X 1+ 1^2
R2 = 9 + R2-2R X 1+ 1
0= 10 - R X 2
10 = R X 2
R= 5m

tan ɸc = 3
R- 1
= (3/(5-1))
= 0.75

ɸc = tan-1 0.75
= ATAN(0.75)*180/PI()
= 36.870 °
ANALYSIS OF A SINGLY CURVED SHELL DATE: 5/24/2022

STEP 5: CALCULATION OF FORCE COMPONENTS AT EDGE BEAM:

ɸ = ɸc (along edge beam)

8m

ɸc

[a] FOR DEAD LOAD (g):

Nɸ = - gRcosɸ (For circular cylindrical shells)

ɸ = ɸc = 36.870 °
cos ɸ = COS(36.870*PI()/180)
= 0.8
R= 5m
g= 1.875 kN/m2

Nɸ = -1.875*5*0.8
= -7.5
x varies from 0 to 8m

x Nɸ Nɸ
-4.00 -7.50 0.00
-5.00 -4.00 -3.00 -2.00 -1.00 0.00 1.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00
-3.20 -7.50
-1.00
-2.40 -7.50
-1.60 -7.50 -2.00
-0.80 -7.50
-3.00
0.00 -7.50
0.80 -7.50 -4.00
1.60 -7.50
-5.00
2.40 -7.50
3.20 -7.50 -6.00
4.00 -7.50 -7.00

-8.00
ANALYSIS OF A SINGLY CURVED SHELL DATE: 5/24/2022

Nxɸ = - 2gxsinɸ (For circular cylindrical shells)

ɸ = ɸc = 36.870 °
sin ɸ = SIN(36.870*PI()/180)
= 0.6
g= 1.875 kN/m2

Nxɸ = -2*1.875*0.6 *x
= -2.25 x

x varies from 0 to 8m

x Nxɸ Nxɸ
-4.00 9.00 10.00
-3.20 7.20 8.00
-2.40 5.40
6.00
-1.60 3.60
4.00
-0.80 1.80
0.00 0.00 2.00
0.80 -1.80 0.00
-5.00 -4.00 -3.00 -2.00 -1.00 0.00 1.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00
1.60 -3.60 -2.00
2.40 -5.40 -4.00
3.20 -7.20
-6.00
4.00 -9.00
-8.00
-10.00

Nx = (x2 - (l2/4))(g/R)cosɸ (For circular cylindrical shells)

ɸ = ɸc = 36.870 °
cos ɸ = COS(36.870*PI()/180)
= 0.8
g= 1.875 kN/m2
R= 5m
l= 8m

Nx = 1.875*0.8/5 x2 - (8^2/4)*1.875*0.8/5
= 0.3 x2 - 4.8

x varies from 0 to 8m
ANALYSIS OF A SINGLY CURVED SHELL DATE: 5/24/2022

x Nx Nx
-4.00 0.00 0.00
-3.20 -1.73 -5.00 -4.00 -3.00 -2.00 -1.00 0.00 1.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00
-2.40 -3.07 -1.00
-1.60 -4.03
-0.80 -4.61 -2.00
0.00 -4.80
0.80 -4.61 -3.00
1.60 -4.03
2.40 -3.07 -4.00
3.20 -1.73
4.00 0.00 -5.00

-6.00
[b] FOR IMPOSED LOAD (p0):

p0 = imposed load intensity UDL in plan (horizontal projection of shell surface)

Nɸ = - p0Rcos2ɸ (For circular cylindrical shells)

ɸ = ɸc = 36.870 °
cos ɸ = COS(36.870*PI()/180)
= 0.8
R= 5m
p0 = 0.75 kN/m2

Nɸ = -0.75*5*0.8^2
= -2.4
x varies from 0 to 8m

x Nɸ Nɸ
-4.00 -2.40 0.00
-5.00 -4.00 -3.00 -2.00 -1.00 0.00 1.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00
-3.20 -2.40
-2.40 -2.40 -0.50
-1.60 -2.40
-0.80 -2.40 -1.00
0.00 -2.40
0.80 -2.40 -1.50
1.60 -2.40
2.40 -2.40 -2.00
3.20 -2.40
4.00 -2.40 -2.50

-3.00
ANALYSIS OF A SINGLY CURVED SHELL DATE: 5/24/2022

Nxɸ = - 3p0xsinɸcosɸ (For circular cylindrical shells)

ɸ = ɸc = 36.870 °
sin ɸ = SIN(36.870*PI()/180)
= 0.6
cos ɸ = COS(36.870*PI()/180)
= 0.8
p0 = 0.75 kN/m2

Nxɸ = -3*0.75*0.6*0.8 *x
= -1.08 x

x varies from 0 to 8m

x Nxɸ Nxɸ
-4.00 4.32 5.00
-3.20 3.46 4.00
-2.40 2.59
3.00
-1.60 1.73
2.00
-0.80 0.86
0.00 0.00 1.00
0.80 -0.86 0.00
-5.00 -4.00 -3.00 -2.00 -1.00 0.00 1.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00
1.60 -1.73 -1.00
2.40 -2.59 -2.00
3.20 -3.46
-3.00
4.00 -4.32
-4.00
-5.00

Nx = (3/2)(x2 - (l2/4))(p0/R)(cos2ɸ - sin2ɸ) (For circular cylindrical shells)

ɸ = ɸc = 36.870 °
sin ɸ = SIN(36.870*PI()/180)
= 0.6
cos ɸ = COS(36.870*PI()/180)
= 0.8
p0 = 0.75 kN/m2
R= 5m
l= 8m

Nx = (3/2)*0.75*((0.8^2)-(0.6^2))/5 x2 - (3/2)*(8^2/4)*0.75*((0.8^2)-(0.6^2))/5
= 0.063 x2 - 1.008
ANALYSIS OF A SINGLY CURVED SHELL DATE: 5/24/2022

x varies from 0 to 8m

x Nx Nx
-4.00 0.00 0.00
-3.20 -0.36 -5.00 -4.00 -3.00 -2.00 -1.00 0.00 1.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00
-2.40 -0.65 -0.20
-1.60 -0.85
-0.80 -0.97 -0.40
0.00 -1.01
0.80 -0.97 -0.60
1.60 -0.85
2.40 -0.65 -0.80
3.20 -0.36
4.00 0.00 -1.00

-1.20

STEP 6: CALCULATION OF FORCE COMPONENTS AT CROWN ALONG LINE PARALLEL TO EDGE BEAM:

ɸ = 0 (along crown)

8m

ɸc

[a] FOR DEAD LOAD (g):

Nɸ = - gRcosɸ (For circular cylindrical shells)

ɸ= 0.000 °
cos ɸ = COS(0.000*PI()/180)
= 1
R= 5m
g= 1.875 kN/m2

Nɸ = -1.875*5*1
= -9.375
ANALYSIS OF A SINGLY CURVED SHELL DATE: 5/24/2022

x varies from 0 to 8m

x Nɸ Nɸ
-4.00 -9.38 0.00
-5.00 -4.00 -3.00 -2.00 -1.00 0.00 1.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00
-3.20 -9.38 -1.00
-2.40 -9.38
-2.00
-1.60 -9.38
-3.00
-0.80 -9.38
0.00 -9.38 -4.00
0.80 -9.38 -5.00
1.60 -9.38 -6.00
2.40 -9.38 -7.00
3.20 -9.38
-8.00
4.00 -9.38
-9.00
-10.00

Nxɸ = - 2gxsinɸ (For circular cylindrical shells)

ɸ= 0.000 °
sin ɸ = SIN(0.000*PI()/180)
= 0
g= 1.875 kN/m2

Nxɸ = -2*1.875*0 *x
= 0x

x varies from 0 to 8m

x Nxɸ Nxɸ
-4.00 0.00 1.00
-3.20 0.00 0.90
-2.40 0.00 0.80
-1.60 0.00
0.70
-0.80 0.00
0.60
0.00 0.00
0.80 0.00 0.50

1.60 0.00 0.40

2.40 0.00 0.30
3.20 0.00 0.20
4.00 0.00 0.10
0.00
-5.00 -4.00 -3.00 -2.00 -1.00 0.00 1.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00
ANALYSIS OF A SINGLY CURVED SHELL DATE: 5/24/2022

Nx = (x2 - (l2/4))(g/R)cosɸ (For circular cylindrical shells)

ɸ= 0.000 °
cos ɸ = COS(0.000*PI()/180)
= 1
g= 1.875 kN/m2
R= 5m
l= 8m

Nx = 1.875*1/5 x2 - (8^2/4)*1.875*1/5
= 0.375 x2 - 6

x varies from 0 to 8m

x Nx Nx
-4.00 0.00 0.00
-5.00 -4.00 -3.00 -2.00 -1.00 0.00 1.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00
-3.20 -2.16
-2.40 -3.84 -1.00
-1.60 -5.04
-2.00
-0.80 -5.76
0.00 -6.00 -3.00
0.80 -5.76
1.60 -5.04 -4.00
2.40 -3.84
-5.00
3.20 -2.16
4.00 0.00 -6.00

-7.00

[b] FOR IMPOSED LOAD (p0):

p0 = imposed load intensity UDL in plan (horizontal projection of shell surface)

Nɸ = - p0Rcos2ɸ (For circular cylindrical shells)

ɸ= 0.000 °
cos ɸ = COS(0.000*PI()/180)
= 1
R= 5m
p0 = 0.75 kN/m2

Nɸ = -0.75*5*1^2
= -3.75
ANALYSIS OF A SINGLY CURVED SHELL DATE: 5/24/2022

x varies from 0 to 0m

x Nɸ Nɸ
-4.00 -3.75 0.00
-3.20 -3.75 -5.00 -4.00 -3.00 -2.00 -1.00 0.00 1.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00
-2.40 -3.75 -0.50

-1.60 -3.75 -1.00

-0.80 -3.75
-1.50
0.00 -3.75
0.80 -3.75 -2.00
1.60 -3.75
-2.50
2.40 -3.75
3.20 -3.75 -3.00
4.00 -3.75
-3.50

-4.00

Nxɸ = - 3p0xsinɸcosɸ (For circular cylindrical shells)

ɸ= 0.000 °
sin ɸ = SIN(0.000*PI()/180)
= 0
cos ɸ = COS(0.000*PI()/180)
= 1
p0 = 0.75 kN/m2

Nxɸ = -3*0.75*0*1 *x
= 0x
x varies from 0 to 8m

x Nxɸ Nxɸ
-4.00 0.00 1.00
-3.20 0.00 0.90
-2.40 0.00 0.80
-1.60 0.00
0.70
-0.80 0.00
0.60
0.00 0.00
0.80 0.00 0.50

1.60 0.00 0.40

2.40 0.00 0.30
3.20 0.00 0.20
4.00 0.00 0.10
0.00
-5.00 -4.00 -3.00 -2.00 -1.00 0.00 1.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00
ANALYSIS OF A SINGLY CURVED SHELL DATE: 5/24/2022

Nx = (3/2)(x2 - (l2/4))(p0/R)(cos2ɸ - sin2ɸ) (For circular cylindrical shells)

ɸ= 0.000 °
sin ɸ = SIN(0.000*PI()/180)
= 0
cos ɸ = COS(0.000*PI()/180)
= 1
p0 = 0.75 kN/m2
R= 5m
l= 8m

Nx = (3/2)*0.75*((1^2)-(0^2))/5 x2 - (3/2)*(8^2/4)*0.75*((1^2)-(0^2))/5
= 0.225 x2 - 3.6
x varies from 0 to 8m

x Nx Nx
-4.00 0.00 0.00
-3.20 -1.30 -5.00 -4.00 -3.00 -2.00 -1.00 0.00 1.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00
-2.40 -2.30 -0.50

-1.60 -3.02 -1.00

-0.80 -3.46
-1.50
0.00 -3.60
0.80 -3.46 -2.00
1.60 -3.02
-2.50
2.40 -2.30
3.20 -1.30 -3.00
4.00 0.00 -3.50

-4.00
STEP 7: CALCULATION OF FORCE COMPONENTS AT DIAPHRAGM END:

x = +L/2 (along diaphragm)

8m=L

ɸc
ANALYSIS OF A SINGLY CURVED SHELL DATE: 5/24/2022

[a] FOR DEAD LOAD (g):

Nɸ = - gRcosɸ (For circular cylindrical shells)

R= 5m
g= 1.875 kN/m2

Nɸ = -1.875*5 *cosɸ
= -9.375 cosɸ

ɸ varies from -ɸc to +ɸc, i.e. -36.870 ° to 36.870 °

ɸ Nɸ Nɸ
-36.87 -7.50 0.00
-50.00 -40.00 -30.00 -20.00 -10.00 0.00 10.00 20.00 30.00 40.00 50.00
-29.50 -8.16 -1.00
-22.12 -8.68
-2.00
-14.75 -9.07
-3.00
-7.37 -9.30
0.00 -9.38 -4.00
7.37 -9.30 -5.00
14.75 -9.07 -6.00
22.12 -8.68 -7.00
29.50 -8.16
-8.00
36.87 -7.50
-9.00
-10.00

Nxɸ = - 2gxsinɸ (For circular cylindrical shells)

x = +L/2 = 8/2
= 4.000 m
g= 1.875 kN/m2

Nxɸ = -2*1.875*4.000 *sinɸ

= -15 sinɸ

ɸ varies from -ɸc to +ɸc, i.e. -36.870 ° to 36.870 °

ANALYSIS OF A SINGLY CURVED SHELL DATE: 5/24/2022

ɸ Nxɸ Nxɸ
-36.87 9.00 10.00
-29.50 7.39
8.00
-22.12 5.65
6.00
-14.75 3.82
-7.37 1.93 4.00

0.00 0.00 2.00

7.37 -1.93 0.00
-50.00 -40.00 -30.00 -20.00 -10.00 0.00 10.00 20.00 30.00 40.00 50.00
14.75 -3.82 -2.00
22.12 -5.65
-4.00
29.50 -7.39
-6.00
36.87 -9.00
-8.00
-10.00

Nx = (x2 - (l2/4))(g/R)cosɸ (For circular cylindrical shells)

x = +L/2 = 8/2
= 4.000 m
g= 1.875 kN/m2
R= 5m
l= 8m

Nx = ((4.000^2)-((8^2)/4))*(1.875/5) *cosɸ
= 0 cosɸ

ɸ varies from -ɸc to +ɸc, i.e. -36.870 ° to 36.870 °

ɸ Nx Nx
-36.87 0.00 1.00
-29.50 0.00 0.90
-22.12 0.00 0.80
-14.75 0.00
0.70
-7.37 0.00
0.60
0.00 0.00
7.37 0.00 0.50

14.75 0.00 0.40

22.12 0.00 0.30
29.50 0.00 0.20
36.87 0.00 0.10
0.00
-50.00 -40.00 -30.00 -20.00 -10.00 0.00 10.00 20.00 30.00 40.00 50.00
ANALYSIS OF A SINGLY CURVED SHELL DATE: 5/24/2022

[b] FOR IMPOSED LOAD (p0):

p0 = imposed load intensity UDL in plan (horizontal projection of shell surface)

Nɸ = - p0Rcos2ɸ (For circular cylindrical shells)

R= 5m
p0 = 0.75 kN/m2

Nɸ = -0.75*5 *cos2ɸ
= -3.75 cos2ɸ

ɸ varies from -ɸc to +ɸc, i.e. -36.870 ° to 36.870 °

ɸ Nɸ Nɸ
-36.87 -2.40 0.00
-29.50 -2.84 -50.00 -40.00 -30.00 -20.00 -10.00 0.00 10.00 20.00 30.00 40.00 50.00
-22.12 -3.22 -0.50

-14.75 -3.51 -1.00

-7.37 -3.69
-1.50
0.00 -3.75
7.37 -3.69 -2.00
14.75 -3.51
-2.50
22.12 -3.22
29.50 -2.84 -3.00
36.87 -2.40
-3.50

-4.00

Nxɸ = - 3p0xsinɸcosɸ (For circular cylindrical shells)

x = +L/2 = 8/2
= 4.000 m
p0 = 0.75 kN/m2

Nxɸ = -3*0.75*4.000 *sinɸcosɸ

= -9 sinɸcosɸ

ɸ varies from -ɸc to +ɸc, i.e. -36.870 ° to 36.870 °

ANALYSIS OF A SINGLY CURVED SHELL DATE: 5/24/2022

ɸ Nxɸ Nxɸ
-36.87 4.32 5.00
-29.50 3.86
4.00
-22.12 3.14
3.00
-14.75 2.22
-7.37 1.15 2.00

0.00 0.00 1.00

7.37 -1.15 0.00
-50.00 -40.00 -30.00 -20.00 -10.00 0.00 10.00 20.00 30.00 40.00 50.00
14.75 -2.22 -1.00
22.12 -3.14
-2.00
29.50 -3.86
-3.00
36.87 -4.32
-4.00
-5.00

Nx = (3/2)(x2 - (l2/4))(p0/R)(cos2ɸ - sin2ɸ) (For circular cylindrical shells)

x = +L/2 = 8/2
= 4.000 m
p0 = 0.75 kN/m2
R= 5m
l= 8m

Nx = (3/2)*((4.000^2)-((8^2)/4))*(0.75/5) *(cos2ɸ - sin2ɸ)

= 0 (cos2ɸ - sin2ɸ)

ɸ varies from -ɸc to +ɸc, i.e. -36.870 ° to 36.870 °

ɸ Nx Nx
-36.87 0.00 1.00
-29.50 0.00 0.90
-22.12 0.00 0.80
-14.75 0.00
0.70
-7.37 0.00
0.60
0.00 0.00
7.37 0.00 0.50

14.75 0.00 0.40

22.12 0.00 0.30
29.50 0.00 0.20
36.87 0.00 0.10
0.00
-50.00 -40.00 -30.00 -20.00 -10.00 0.00 10.00 20.00 30.00 40.00 50.00
ANALYSIS OF A SINGLY CURVED SHELL DATE: 5/24/2022

STEP 8: CALCULATION OF FORCE COMPONENTS AT CROWN ALONG LINE PARALLEL TO DIAPHRAGM:

x = 0 (along crown)

8m=L

ɸc

[a] FOR DEAD LOAD (g):

Nɸ = - gRcosɸ (For circular cylindrical shells)

R= 5m
g= 1.875 kN/m2

Nɸ = -1.875*5 *cosɸ
= -9.375 cosɸ

ɸ varies from -ɸc to +ɸc, i.e. -36.870 ° to 36.870 °

ɸ Nɸ Nɸ
-36.87 -7.50 0.00
-50.00 -40.00 -30.00 -20.00 -10.00 0.00 10.00 20.00 30.00 40.00 50.00
-29.50 -8.16 -1.00
-22.12 -8.68
-2.00
-14.75 -9.07
-3.00
-7.37 -9.30
0.00 -9.38 -4.00
7.37 -9.30 -5.00
14.75 -9.07 -6.00
22.12 -8.68 -7.00
29.50 -8.16
-8.00
36.87 -7.50
-9.00
-10.00
ANALYSIS OF A SINGLY CURVED SHELL DATE: 5/24/2022

Nxɸ = - 2gxsinɸ (For circular cylindrical shells)

x= 0.000 m
g= 1.875 kN/m2

Nxɸ = -2*1.875*0.000 *sinɸ

= 0 sinɸ

ɸ varies from -ɸc to +ɸc, i.e. -36.870 ° to 36.870 °

ɸ Nxɸ Nxɸ
-36.87 0.00 1.00
-29.50 0.00 0.90
-22.12 0.00
0.80
-14.75 0.00
0.70
-7.37 0.00
0.00 0.00 0.60

7.37 0.00 0.50

14.75 0.00 0.40
22.12 0.00 0.30
29.50 0.00 0.20
36.87 0.00 0.10
0.00
-50.00 -40.00 -30.00 -20.00 -10.00 0.00 10.00 20.00 30.00 40.00 50.00

Nx = (x2 - (l2/4))(g/R)cosɸ (For circular cylindrical shells)

x= 0.000 m
g= 1.875 kN/m2
R= 5m
l= 8m

Nx = ((0.000^2)-((8^2)/4))*(1.875/5) *cosɸ
= -6 cosɸ

ɸ varies from -ɸc to +ɸc, i.e. -36.870 ° to 36.870 °

ANALYSIS OF A SINGLY CURVED SHELL DATE: 5/24/2022

ɸ Nx Nx
-36.87 -4.80 0.00
-29.50 -5.22 -50.00 -40.00 -30.00 -20.00 -10.00 0.00 10.00 20.00 30.00 40.00 50.00
-22.12 -5.56 -1.00
-14.75 -5.80
-2.00
-7.37 -5.95
0.00 -6.00 -3.00
7.37 -5.95
14.75 -5.80 -4.00
22.12 -5.56
-5.00
29.50 -5.22
36.87 -4.80 -6.00

-7.00

[b] FOR IMPOSED LOAD (p0):

p0 = imposed load intensity UDL in plan (horizontal projection of shell surface)

Nɸ = - p0Rcos2ɸ (For circular cylindrical shells)

R= 5m
p0 = 0.75 kN/m2

Nɸ = -0.75*5 *cos2ɸ
= -3.75 cos2ɸ

ɸ varies from -ɸc to +ɸc, i.e. -36.870 ° to 36.870 °

ɸ Nɸ Nɸ
-36.87 -2.40 0.00
-50.00 -40.00 -30.00 -20.00 -10.00 0.00 10.00 20.00 30.00 40.00 50.00
-29.50 -2.84
-0.50
-22.12 -3.22
-14.75 -3.51 -1.00
-7.37 -3.69
-1.50
0.00 -3.75
7.37 -3.69 -2.00
14.75 -3.51
-2.50
22.12 -3.22
29.50 -2.84 -3.00
36.87 -2.40 -3.50

-4.00
ANALYSIS OF A SINGLY CURVED SHELL DATE: 5/24/2022

Nxɸ = - 3p0xsinɸcosɸ (For circular cylindrical shells)

x= 0.000 m
p0 = 0.75 kN/m2

Nxɸ = -3*0.75*0.000 *sinɸcosɸ

= 0 sinɸcosɸ

ɸ varies from -ɸc to +ɸc, i.e. -36.870 ° to 36.870 °

ɸ Nxɸ Nxɸ
-36.87 0.00 1.00
-29.50 0.00 0.90
-22.12 0.00
0.80
-14.75 0.00
0.70
-7.37 0.00
0.00 0.00 0.60

7.37 0.00 0.50

14.75 0.00 0.40
22.12 0.00 0.30
29.50 0.00 0.20
36.87 0.00 0.10
0.00
-50.00 -40.00 -30.00 -20.00 -10.00 0.00 10.00 20.00 30.00 40.00 50.00

Nx = (3/2)(x2 - (l2/4))(p0/R)(cos2ɸ - sin2ɸ) (For circular cylindrical shells)

x= 0.000 m
p0 = 0.75 kN/m2
R= 5m
l= 8m

Nx = (3/2)*((0.000^2)-((8^2)/4))*(0.75/5) *(cos2ɸ - sin2ɸ)

= -3.6 (cos2ɸ - sin2ɸ)

ɸ varies from -ɸc to +ɸc, i.e. -36.870 ° to 36.870 °

ANALYSIS OF A SINGLY CURVED SHELL DATE: 5/24/2022

ɸ Nx Nx
-36.87 -1.01 0.00
-29.50 -1.85 -50.00 -40.00 -30.00 -20.00 -10.00 0.00 10.00 20.00 30.00 40.00 50.00
-22.12 -2.58 -0.50

-14.75 -3.13 -1.00

-7.37 -3.48
-1.50
0.00 -3.60
7.37 -3.48 -2.00
14.75 -3.13
-2.50
22.12 -2.58
29.50 -1.85 -3.00
36.87 -1.01
-3.50

-4.00
DESIGN OF SINGLY CURVED SHELL (As per IS:2210-1988) DATE: 5/24/2022

STEP 1: CALCULATION OF STRESSES DUE TO Nx

If Nx is positive, it is tensile. If Nx is negative, it is compressive.

Maximum Nx = -6 N/mm <0, hence compressive.

Maximum compressive Nx = -6.00 N/mm

Maximum tensile Nx = 0.00 N/mm

Reinforcement for Nx should be parallel to edge beam.

Thickness of shell provided = 75 mm > 50 mm, OKAY.

As per Clause 7.1.1 of IS:2210-1988,

Maximum compressive stress due to Nx = --6.00/75/1

= 0.08 N/mm2

Maximum tensile stress due to Nx = 0.00/75/1

= 0 N/mm2

STEP 2: CALCULATION OF ρ & k ALONG EDGE BEAM

As per Clause 8.1.2.1 of IS:2210-1988,

R = radius of curvature = 5m
L = span length = 8m
d = thickness of shell provided = 0.075 m

ρ= (12*(PI()^4)*(5^6)/(8^4)/(0.075^2))^(1/8)
= 5.462

k= (PI()*5/8/5.462)^2
= 0.129

STEP 3: CHECK FOR BUCKLING IN COMPRESSION DUE TO Nx

fck = 25 N/mm2
DESIGN OF SINGLY CURVED SHELL (As per IS:2210-1988) DATE: 5/24/2022

As per Clause 9.3.1 of IS:2210-1988,

ρ= 5.462
k= 0.129

So, we will go by criteria (a)

NOTE: For conservative design we can take the minimum value of fcr among criteria (a) & (b).

Es = 200000 N/mm2 (As per Annex F of IS:456-2000)

DESIGN OF SINGLY CURVED SHELL (As per IS:2210-1988) DATE: 5/24/2022

fck = 25 N/mm2

Ec =

= 200000*3*25/280
= 53571.43 N/mm2

As per Clause 9.3.1 of IS:2210-1988,

As per Clause 6.2.5.1 of IS:456-2000,

Creep coefficient for 28 days = 1.6

As per Clause C-4.1 of IS:456-2000,

Including creep effect,

Ec = 53571.43/(1+1.6)
= 20604.4 N/mm2

By criteria (a), fcr =

= 0.2*20604.4*0.075/5
= 61.813 N/mm2
DESIGN OF SINGLY CURVED SHELL (As per IS:2210-1988) DATE: 5/24/2022

= 2.3*(0.075*5)^0.5
= 1.408 m < L

By criteria (b), fcr =

= 20604.4*((0.89*(0.075/8)*(0.075/5)^0.5)/(1-(1.18*((0.075*5/8)^0.5))))
= 28.28062

fcr = MIN(61.813,28.28062)
= 28.281 N/mm2

fac =

= 0.25*25/(1+(25/28.281))
= 3.317 N/mm2

Maximum compressive stress due to Nx = 0.08 N/mm2 < 3.317 N/mm2

No buckling will occur in the direction of edge beam.

STEP 4: CALCULATION OF STRESSES DUE TO Nɸ

If Nɸ is positive, it is tensile. If Nɸ is negative, it is compressive.

Maximum Nɸ = -9.375 N/mm <0, hence compressive.

Maximum compressive Nɸ = -9.38 N/mm

Maximum tensile Nɸ = 0.00 N/mm

Reinforcement for Nɸ should be parallel to diaphragm.

Maximum compressive stress due to Nx = --9.38/75/1

= 0.125 N/mm2

Maximum tensile stress due to Nx = 0.00/75/1

= 0 N/mm2

STEP 5: CALCULATION OF ρ & k ALONG DIAPHRAGM

As per Clause 8.1.2.1 of IS:2210-1988,

R = radius of curvature = 5m
L = B = chord width = 6m
d = thickness of shell provided = 0.075 m

ρ= (12*(PI()^4)*(5^6)/(6^4)/(0.075^2))^(1/8)
= 6.308
DESIGN OF SINGLY CURVED SHELL (As per IS:2210-1988) DATE: 5/24/2022

k= (PI()*5/6/6.308)^2
= 0.172

STEP 6: CHECK FOR BUCKLING IN COMPRESSION DUE TO Nɸ

fck = 25 N/mm2

As per Clause 9.3.1 of IS:2210-1988,

ρ= 6.308
k= 0.172

Take the minimum value of fcr among criteria (a) & (b).
DESIGN OF SINGLY CURVED SHELL (As per IS:2210-1988) DATE: 5/24/2022

NOTE: For conservative design we can take the minimum value of fcr among criteria (a) & (b).

Es = 200000 N/mm2 (As per Annex F of IS:456-2000)

fck = 25 N/mm2

Ec =

= 200000*3*25/280
= 53571.43 N/mm2

As per Clause 9.3.1 of IS:2210-1988,

As per Clause 6.2.5.1 of IS:456-2000,

Creep coefficient for 28 days = 1.6

As per Clause C-4.1 of IS:456-2000,

Including creep effect,

Ec = 53571.43/(1+1.6)
= 20604.4 N/mm2

By criteria (a), fcr =

DESIGN OF SINGLY CURVED SHELL (As per IS:2210-1988) DATE: 5/24/2022

= 0.2*20604.4*0.075/5
= 61.813 N/mm2

= 2.3*(0.075*5)^0.5
= 1.408 m < L

By criteria (b), fcr =

= 20604.4*((0.89*(0.075/6)*(0.075/5)^0.5)/(1-(1.18*((0.075*5/6)^0.5))))
= 39.82139

fcr = MIN(61.813,39.82139)
= 39.821 N/mm2

fac =

= 0.25*25/(1+(25/39.821))
= 3.840 N/mm2

Maximum compressive stress due to Nx = 0.125 N/mm2 < 3.840 N/mm2

No buckling will occur in the direction of diaphragm.

STEP 7: REINFORCEMENT CALCULATION FOR TENSILE Nx & Nxɸ

Maximum tensile Nx = 0.00 N/mm

= 0.00 kN/m

Thickness of shell provided = 75 mm

As per Clause 12.3.2 of IS:2210-1988,

Maximum area of unreinforced panel = 15*75^2

= 84375 mm2

Maximum c/c spacing of reinforcement = 84375^0.5

= 290.474 mm
DESIGN OF SINGLY CURVED SHELL (As per IS:2210-1988) DATE: 5/24/2022

As per Clause 12.3.1 of IS:2210-1988,

Minimum diameter of reinforcement bar = 8 mm

Maximum diameter of reinforcement bar = smaller of 75/4 & 16 mm

= smaller of 18.75 & 16 mm
= 16 mm

Diameter of reinforcement bar provided = 12 mm

In working stress method of design,

Tensile stress capacity of tor steel = 190 N/mm2 (As per Table 22 of IS:456-2000)
DESIGN OF SINGLY CURVED SHELL (As per IS:2210-1988) DATE: 5/24/2022

Cross sectional area of a 12 mm diameter bar = PI()*12^2/4

= 113.097 mm2

Tensile force capacity of a single reinforcement bar = 190*113.097

= 21488.49 N
= 21.488 kN

Maximum tensile Nx = 0.00 kN/m

Number of bars required in 1 m = ROUNDUP(0.00/21.488,0)

= 0

As per Clause 12.3.5 of IS:2210-1988,

Maximum c/c spacing of reinforcement = 200 mm

Shear = diagonal tension

Maximum Nxɸ = 9 N/mm

As per Clause 12.2.3 of IS:2210-1988,

Practically providing diagonal reinforcement is troublesome.

Hence we will provide reinforcement in such a way that its component will be able to take maximum shear.

In the direction parallel to edge beam, the component of reinforcement bars will be able to take max. diagonal tension.

Diagonal tension component in the direction parallel to edge beam = √2Nxɸ

= 2^0.5*9
= 12.728 N/mm
= 12.728 kN/m

Nx + √2Nxɸ = 0.00+12.728
= 12.728 kN

Spacing of reinforcement = MIN(290.474,200)

= 200.000 mm
DESIGN OF SINGLY CURVED SHELL (As per IS:2210-1988) DATE: 5/24/2022

Number of bars in 1 m = ROUNDUP((1000/200.000)+1,0)

= 6

Tensile capacity of reinforcement in 1 m = 6*113.097*190

= 128931 N
= 128.931 kN ≥ Nx + √2Nxɸ, SAFE in combined tension & shear.

STEP 8: REINFORCEMENT CALCULATION FOR TENSILE Nɸ & Nxɸ

Maximum tensile Nɸ = 0.00 N/mm

= 0.00 kN/m

Thickness of shell provided = 75 mm

As per Clause 12.3.2 of IS:2210-1988,

Maximum area of unreinforced panel = 15*75^2

= 84375 mm2

Maximum c/c spacing of reinforcement = 84375^0.5

= 290.474 mm

As per Clause 12.3.1 of IS:2210-1988,

Minimum diameter of reinforcement bar = 8 mm

Maximum diameter of reinforcement bar = smaller of 75/4 & 16 mm

= smaller of 18.75 & 16 mm
= 16 mm

Diameter of reinforcement bar provided = 12 mm

In working stress method of design,

Tensile stress capacity of tor steel = 190 N/mm2 (As per Table 22 of IS:456-2000)
DESIGN OF SINGLY CURVED SHELL (As per IS:2210-1988) DATE: 5/24/2022

Cross sectional area of a 12 mm diameter bar = PI()*12^2/4

= 113.097 mm2

Tensile force capacity of a single reinforcement bar = 190*113.097

= 21488.49 N
= 21.488 kN

Maximum tensile Nɸ = 0.00 kN/m

Number of bars required in 1 m = ROUNDUP(0.00/21.488,0)

= 0
DESIGN OF SINGLY CURVED SHELL (As per IS:2210-1988) DATE: 5/24/2022

As per Clause 12.3.5 of IS:2210-1988,

Maximum c/c spacing of reinforcement = 200 mm

Shear = diagonal tension

Maximum Nxɸ = 9 N/mm

As per Clause 12.2.3 of IS:2210-1988,

Practically providing diagonal reinforcement is troublesome.

Hence we will provide reinforcement in such a way that its component will be able to take maximum shear.

In the direction parallel to diaphragm, the component of reinforcement bars will be able to take max. diagonal tension.

Diagonal tension component in the direction parallel to diaphragm = √2Nxɸ

= 2^0.5*9
= 12.728 N/mm
= 12.728 kN/m

Nɸ + √2Nxɸ = 0.00+12.728
= 12.728 kN

Spacing of reinforcement = MIN(290.474,200)

= 200.000 mm

Number of bars in 1 m = ROUNDUP((1000/200.000)+1,0)

= 6

Tensile capacity of reinforcement in 1 m = 6*113.097*190

= 128931 N
= 128.931 kN ≥ Nɸ + √2Nxɸ, SAFE in combined tension & shear.
DESIGN OF SINGLY CURVED SHELL (As per IS:2210-1988) DATE: 5/24/2022

STEP 9: EDGE THICKENING NEAR SUPPORTS OF EDGE BEAM

As per Clause 7.1.2 of IS:2210-1988,

Shell thickening along edge = 0.3*75

= 22.5 mm

Total shell thickness along edge = 75+22.5

= 97.5 mm

Minimum distance of thickening from edge =

= 0.38*(5*0.075)^0.5
= 0.233 m
= 232.702 mm

Maximum distance of thickening from edge =

= 0.76*(5*0.075)^0.5
= 0.465 m
= 465.403 mm

Provided distance of thickening from edge = 465 mm, distance is within range.

Edge correction should be done near edge supports. We provide reinforcement for bending moment near edges.

Single layer bars are provided in both directions at bottom for (Nx & Nxɸ) & (Nɸ & Nxɸ)

Single layer bars are provided in both directions at top for (Nx & Nxɸ) & (Nɸ & Nxɸ) upto dist. of thickening from edge.
STEP 10: REINFORCEMENT DETAIL DRAWING DATE: 5/24/2022
12 mmØ@ 200 mm C/C
(for Nx & Nxɸ)

12 mmØ@ 200 mm C/C

(for Nx & Nxɸ) 465 mm
12 mmØ@ 200 mm C/C 12 mmØ@ 200 mm C/C
1m 75 mm (for Nɸ & Nxɸ) (for Nɸ & Nxɸ)
22.5 mm

***DRAWING IS NOT TO SCALE.

6m