m

Project Research Report 2010

Stephen Dignam 2631634
B.A. Hons. Interior Architecture
contents:

Project Research Report

survey
site analysis
historical
cultural
envrironmental
statutory

building precedent
chicago museum of science and industry
the science gallery dublin
the science museum dublin

building typology
zeeburgereiland
landschaftspark duisburg-nord

Design Approach
sustainable strategies

Client brief
plan
elevations
cost draft estimate
programme

references
Survey
Located on the East coast of Ireland
Latitude 53.351902 Longtitiude –6.205559
Situated on the south side of the mouth of
Dublin Bay approx. 2km from City centre
Site fronting the Southside of Dublin Har-
bour Facing Clontarf Baths directly to the
North
Site is situated on Tolka Quay Rd
and is owned By Ted Castles Ltd.
A Petroleum products distributor
with subsidiaries such as the Top oil
company, which currently occupies
this site.
This is their main storage facility for
the Dublin area.
The local storage facilities in the lo-
cal area housing storage facilities of
a similar type.
Tolka Quay road is a secondary ac-
cess road utilised mostly by heavy
goods vehicles leading to lo-lo and
Ro-Ro ferry terminals.
Sited on lands under control of
The Dublin Port Company.
m
m

24 hr Sound Levels from Traffic
Daytime Sound Levels
Night-time Sound Levels
Traffic
Tolka Quay Road is a secondary road leading to The
Roll on Roll off, and Load on Load off ferry terminals, it
runs parallel to Alexander road which would be mostly
used by passenger vehicles for access to terminals.
Tolka Quay road would be predominantly utilised by
Heavy goods Vehicles and staff in surrounding yards. m
Although Dublin City Council statistics show the 24 hour Sun Rise
sound level from traffic to be at 70db this would be more
likely during the terminals busiest times which would be
1 hour prior to sailing and after ferry arrival.
First Arrivals at the terminals begin at 6.am with last
sailing at 21:15 and 14 sailings throughout the day.
Sunlight and Daylight
The shadow analysis simulating sun travel in the month 10:00 a.m.
of November indicates that the proposed development
would not have a significant impact on the industrialised
areas to the south of the site. Shadows cast to the west
would fall within lands which are uninhabited and would
be in shade for about 4 hours. Shadows cast to the east
would potentially be falling on a possible car-park de-
velopment for the commercial purposes of serving the
museum, with shadows extending minimum distances
in the afternoons and evenings throughout the year.
. Midday
Certain buildings within the proposed development
areas Tank 4 would be subject to minimum light as it sits
in the center of the cluster of tanks area would be sub-
ject to negative impact on the daylight received
The east side of Tanks 1,2, & 6 are in an optimum posi-
tion for receiving northern light which is ideal for exhibi-
tion purposes giving cool and uniform light with flat and
soft shadows and Afternoon
lower contrasts.
The west side of Tanks 3 & 5 would be suited to public
recreational gathering.
Sunset
Flood Risk.
The site is on an exposed location on the bay,
as much of the land was reclaimed from the
sea, soil conditions are likely to be very variable
with soft material in the upper layers and high
ground water tables. although protected from
strong wave action by the north and south bull
walls.
According to an EPA report ‘Climate Change –
Scenarios and Impacts for Ireland’
Environmental RTDI Programme 2000 –2006.
Predicts a sea level rise of 0.5 metres is
expected during the period 1990 – 2100, i.e. an
average rise of 0.45 cm per year. Anticipated
rises in sea level due to climate change could
exacerbate any flood risk. The ground levels
within the basin are not particularly high as they
would be further south along the peninsula.
Easements:
The current state of the site doesn’t appear
To provide conventional access. Inspection of
the boundaries indicate that only pedestrian
access to the site appears to be by a bridged,
style. This would indicate the
Gated access to the west appears to be con-
nected but this would be subject to further in-
vestigation.
As stated previously, as the site to the west is
uninhabited and assuming that gated entrance
is belonging to the site ,I don’t foresee any is-
sues over the rights of easement of light within
proposed structures.
Architectural Inventory
Geo-technical details
The bedrock underlying much of Dublin
is composed of limestone, mudstone and shale
of Carboniferous limestone. It is referred to as
both the Dublin Limestone and also, the Calp.
The material within the area of the Dublin Port
ranges in age from less than 20 years old for
the land fill to Carboniferous for the limestone
bedrock.
Up until the 1900’s much of this area was in fact
part of the foreshore before a serious of recla-
mation projects gradually began filling the area.
Made ground (fill)
Fill consisted of both inert material including
material dredged from the seabed, and domes-
tic waste.
Ashes, pottery, wire, glass and gravel, brick and
steel. Firm black and yellow brown silty clay
with some brick fragments. Tarmacdam and
hardcore (50 cm).
Stiff grey brown clay with timber. Pottery ceram-
ics and bone (brown sandy clay). Soil conditions
are likely to be very variable with soft material in
the upper layers and high ground water tables.
meaning that high ground water levels are likely.
Research has not yielded an exact timeline of
when the area around our site was claimed but
it is likely that would have been around the early
half of the 20th century but would have probably
have fallen within the timeline below of what
would have been used in the land fill process.
coal, textiles, leather, wood and ash. This
fill is of variable thickness ranging from
three to ten metres.
1947 - 1982 (mainly 1958 – 1973). The fill
from this used during these dates includes m
domestic waste (bottles, plastic, paper,
clothing) and builders rubble. Some isolat-
ed medical waste has also been identified
including syringes, bandages and dress-
ings. The depth of these fills ranges from 7
to 10 metres.
1965 to 1973 Eastpoint Business Park
was reclaimed from and is composed
of paper, glass, pottery, rubber, metal, brick
and ash in a sandy matrix. The depth rang-
es from 4 to 5 metres.
Pre 1936 The area from East Wall Road
to the buried cassion wall along the Tolka
River was filled with glass, wood, shredded
paper, clinker, pottery and ash in a clayey
matrix of a depth from 5 to 7 metres. Some
areas were used as asbestos handling ar-
eas though no asbestos was detected.

1930 – 1946 Older fill which was dumped to

reclaim ,This was composed of domestic waste,
organic material, building rubble, pottery, glass,
Foundations Structure:
3 typical foundation types for ASTs . Each type 6 above ground storage tanks. (AST’s)
is suitable for differing conditions and different Two of the tanks currently housing
size of tank under different conditions . petroleum and 4 storing Ethanol.

3.Reinforced Concrete Slab with Piles

The most expensive foundation type of the Total Site Area = 9180 m2
three, A pile foundation going through Rein-
forced concrete slab this type of foundation
1 .Earth Foundations with a Crushed stone
would be necessary where soil bearing pres- Tank 1: Height = 14m
Ring-wall
sures are very low or when the level of under- Diameter = 50m
Used for large diameter tanks such as tank 1
ground water is high . Foot Print = 1963.5m2
(being 50 metres in diameter). While economi-
Total Area = 29452.5 m3
cal, it is more suited to tanks that don’t need to
Tank 2: Height = 13m
be anchored ,it is difficult to construct a flat level
Diameter = 15m
plane of the bottom of the shell of the tank. It is
Foot Print = 177m2
also runs the risk of catastrophic failure of the
Total Area = 2478 m3
bottom if a leak starts and washes out the un-
Tank 3: Height = 13m
derlying support.
Diameter = 15m
Foot Print = 177m2
Total Area = 2478m3
Tank 4: Height = 13m
Diameter = 10m
Foot Print = 78.5m2
Total Area = 1099 m3
Tank 5: Height = 13m
Diameter = 18m
Foot Print = 254m2
Total Area = 3560 m3
2.Earth Foundations with a Concrete Ring-wall
Tank 6: Height = 13m
While more expensive, this second type of foun-
Diameter = 15m
dation allows very good levelling of the periph-
Foot Print = 177m2
ery of the bottom of the shell which is positioned
Total Area = 2478 m3
on it. It can be used where high foundation uplift
forces are encountered resulting from internal
pressure or wind/seismic loading to provide for
anchorage. Although this would only be suitable
for small to medium diameter tanks such as
tanks 2-6.
Construction.

Shell
Typical construction of similar tank design uses
mild-quality carbon steel. For corrosive servic-
es, a suitable corrosion allowance is added to m
the thickness of the structure Maximum width of
plates can be up to up to 50mm thick depend-
ing on the type of product, density of liquid and
height to diameter ratios.
Constructed in courses. Approximate dimen-
sions of plate would be 2m x 4.5m in an arcs of
30 degrees.
Although designed structurally to with stand lat-
eral internal and external lateral forces it would
have also have good downward resistance to
take at least support a snow loading on its roof.

Roof
Roof types for AST differ from a floating roof
which sits on top of the contents of the tank or
a vertically supported fixed-roof tank consisting
of a cylindrical metal shell with a permanently
attached roof that can be flat, conical or dome
shaped.
History
The River Liffey as a port estuary has been
in use for thousands of years but would have
changed little until the early 1800’s when rede-
velopment was necessary to solve the problems
facing large vessels, being about 100 tons dead
weight that had to lie in the mud at low tide.
First major restructuring of the port was com-
pleted in 1786 under the supervision of the Bal-
last Board, a committee of Dublin Corporation to
over-see the development and maintenance of
the port. with the construction of the South Wall
now known as the South Bull ,it’s function being
to contain the river at low tide in a well-defined
deep channel to try and prevent the shifting
sands from the south fouling up the approach to
the Liffey at the centre of the port.
be carried out. The South and East walls were
extended and the North wall now known as the
North Bull was constructed. Again the works
carried out at this time were considered cutting
edge engineering for its time in the whole of m
Europe.
At the turn of the twentieth century up until th
late 1940’s considerable works were carried out
.The channel was dredged to a depth of 20 feet
from the bay to the City and considerable im-
provements were affected to the port, especially
in the construction of Alexandra Quay and in
land reclamation and the provision of plant, i.e.,
electric portal cranes,electric lighting and the
provision of a 100-ton crane. Which is probably
when the site on Tolka Quay road would have
been formed. John Rocque Map 1800’s

The South Wall runs from a point west of where

O'Connell Bridge now stands to the Poolbeg
Lighthouse, a distance of about 5.5 miles. This
was a work of vast proportions and was said to
be one of the largest feats of engineering for its
time.

This did not solve the silting problem and in

1800 Captain William Bligh, infamous from the
tales of the Bounty, surveyed Dublin Bay in a
bid to find a solution .The remedy was to build
a second causeway, the north Bull wall, north
of the river mouth and thus cause the restricted
Liffey estuary to flush down to open sea shifting
all drifting sand in its path.

In the 1860’s, it was decided by the Dublin Port

and Docks board, who preceded the Ballast
Board, that, with the size of modern vessels
ever increasing, and to make Dublin Port better Site overlay over map
accessible and keep it as the main hub of sea
traffic in Ireland. Further works would need to
Over the latter half of the 20th century Dublin
Port has being expanding at a phenomenal rate
as Irelands economic and trade demands have
increased.
In 1972 The Dublin Port & Docks Board long
term plan was to infill 2870 acres leaving no
Sandymount or Merrion Strand and no sea in
Clontarf. In the midst of public outcry this plan
disappeared.
This is still an ongoing dispute between Dublin
Port and local residents and lobbyists with Dub-
lin Port still attempting to increase the size of it’s
lands by proposing a project that would involve
reclaiming 52 Acres of land from the Bay.
Aerial Photograph of Dublin Port 1958
In the National development plan 2007 – 2013 it
was proposed under the Sub Ports Programme,
to undertake a comprehensive study of the role
of Dublin Port, taking account of locational con-
siderations, in the context of overall ports policy
on the island of Ireland, wider transport policy,
urban development policy, the National Spatial
Strategy and national economic policy.
In July 2009 the Dublin Port National Develop-
ment Plan Study Report prepared for
the Department of Transport concluded;
The level of port capacity requirements will be
influenced by economic growth
and by developments in consumer expenditure;
There is potential to improve the capacity utili-
sation of ports in Ireland and
this should be pursued as a priority;
There is a need to develop additional port ca-
pacity in Ireland by 2025 – 2030
and this would require the expansion of Dublin
Port or the development of the
proposed Bremore Port or some equiva-
lent facility to provide additional
capacity for the Irish economy;
Both Dublin Ports’ proposed 21h develop- m
ment and the development of new
port capacity such as the proposed Bre-
more Port would have positive net
present values;
Nothing should be done at a policy level to
block either the proposed
expansion of Dublin Port or the proposed
development of Bremore at this
stage;
The proposals for the development of Bre-
more and Greenore and other ports
combined with the continuation of Dublin
Port would have a higher net
economic benefit than the complete clo-
sure of Dublin Port;
The scenario involving a potential closure
of Dublin Port would have city wide
sustainability benefits but these would not
justify the additional cost involved;
and
Consideration must be given to the timing
of costs and benefits and who
would pay for capital expenditures and the
long timescale required for
implementing a scenario involving the clo-
sure of Dublin Port.
Cultural:
The existing site and it’s immediate surrounds
have no cultural merits, although there are a
number of protected structures further along the
peninsula including terraced residential prop-
erties along Pigeon House Road, the Pigeon
House Hotel, Pigeon House Power Station, the
former St. Catherine’s Hospital.
A number of recorded archaeological features
are located within the peninsula including the
Great South Wall and the remnants of Pigeon
House Fort.
Reserve designation in 1988, under the 1976
Wildlife Act, an Establishment Order which ap-
plies to the foreshore and sub-littoral areas in
State ownership around the island, including the
lagoons and Dollymount Strand, and with the m
seaward boundary defined by a line between
the tip of the North Bull Wall and Sutton Martello
Tower, the Tolka Estuary and in South Dublin
Bay.

There are also known shipwrecks surrounding

the bay listed in the Department of the Environ-
ments Underwater Archaeological Unit’s Ship-
wreck Inventory.

There are two conservation areas within the

peninsula at Pigeon House Dock area and
the eastern edge of the peninsula towards the
South Wall Lighthouse.

Environmental:

Dublin Bay is a Special Protection Area (SPA),

under the Birds Directive 79/409/EU, for the
purpose of protecting the habitat and preventing
excessive disturbance to internationally impor-
tant numbers of waterfowl. This designation
applies to the area enclosed by a line joining
the seaward tip of the North Bull Wall to Sutton
Martello Tower, the coast road and North Bull
Wall, thus including the lagoons, Bull Island and
Dollymount Strand. Further areas of intertidal
sand and mudflats have been designated more
recently in the Tolka Estuary and in South Dub-
lin Bay

The Bay was also declared a National Nature

 Statutory The primary uses in these areas are those which
result in a standard of amenity which would not be
acceptable in other areas. They can unavoidably
cause ‘bad neighbour’ problems due to the genera-
tion of disamenities such as noise, smells, heavy
goods traffic etc.. Activities include industry, other
than light industry, manufacturing repairs, open
storage, waste material treatment, transport oper-
ating services. These areas require a measure of
protection from other non-compatible ‘clean’ uses
as this can result in conflict and limit the expan-
sion of the primary use in the area. In particular,
activities that fall within the scope of the SEVESO
II (COMAH) Regulations should only be permitted
on lands zoned Objective Z7and Z7A and the ex-
pansion of such facilities may be impacted by the
requirement to protect surrounding land uses. and
planning would be required for a material change of
use of the site.
SEVESO
The site is also a SEVESO establishment which
falls under COUNCIL DIRECTIVE 96/82/EC on the
control of major-accident hazards involving danger-
ous
substances. Which would have wider implications
to the normal planning procedure.
Article 1 Aim
This Directive is aimed at the prevention of major
accidents which involve dangerous
substances, and the limitation of their consequenc-
es for man and the environment, with a
view to ensuring high levels of protection through-
Dublin City Development Plan (To provide for the
out the Community in a consistent and
protection and creation of industrial uses and facili-
effective manner.The Directive shall apply to estab-
tate opportunities for employment creation.)
lishments where dangerous substances are pre-
14.4.7 of the National development plan
sent.
2007 –2013
Under article 9.3 of this directive a safety report
must be provided for new establishments prior to
the start of construction or of operation, and re
viewed every five years.
Article 12 Land-use planning
1. Member States shall ensure that the objec-
tives of preventing major accidents and
limiting the consequences of such accidents
are taken into account in their land use m
policies and/or other relevant policies. They
shall pursue those objectives through
controls on : the siting of a new establishment,
b. modifications to existing establishments new
developments such as transport links, loca-
tions frequented by the public and residential
areas in the vicinity of existing establishments,
where the siting or developments are such as
to increase the risk or consequences of a ma-
jor accident.
c.
Member States shall ensure that their land-use
and/or other relevant policies and the
procedures for implementing those policies
take account of the need, in the long term, to
maintain appropriate distances between estab-
lishments covered by this Directive and
residential areas, areas of public use and ar-
eas of particular natural sensitivity or
interest, and, in the case of existing establish-
ments, of the need for additional technical
measures so as not to increase the risks to
people.
2. Member States shall ensure that all compe-
tent authorities and planning authorities
responsible for decisions in this area set up
appropriate consultation procedures to
facilitate implementation of the policies.. The
procedures
shall be designed to ensure that technical ad-
vice on the risks arising from the
establishment is available, either on a case-by-
case or on a generic basis, when
decisions are taken.
The site is currently Zoned as Z7 under the
Permissible Uses
ATM, Betting office, Boarding kennel, Car park,
Chemical processing and storage, Childcare
facility, Civic and amenity recycling centre,
Enterprise centre, Garage (motor repair, ser-
vice),
General industrial uses, Heavy vehicle park,
Household fuel depot, Industry (light),
Incinerator/Waste to energy plant,
Open space,
Outdoor poster advertising, Park and ride facil-
ity,
Petrol station, Port related industries and
facilities, Public house, Public service installa-
tion,
Scrap yard, Storage depot (open), Support of-
fice ancillary to primary use, Transfer station,
Transport depot, Warehousing
Open for Consideration Uses
Advertisement and advertising structures,
Amusement/leisure complex,
Bed and breakfast,
Buildings for the health, safety and welfare of
the public,
Car trading, Community facility,
Cultural/recreational building and uses,
Factory shop, Guest house, Hotel, Media re-
cording and
general media associated uses, Nightclub,
Place of public worship,
Restaurant,
Science and technology-based industry,
Takeaway.
Fire safety Certificate:
The proposed structures and its facilities
will come under differing usage groups
listed in Technical Guidance Document B.
The following areas will be grouped as ,
m
Office Areas Group 3 - Offices
Retail Space Group 4(a) Shops
Storage Areas Group 7 Storage
The Museum and exhibition spaces,
Restaurant and Coffee Shop
Group 5 - Place of Assembly and Recrea-
tion
and will require a Fire safety certificate
under the Building control act 1990 and
in accordance with Buildings regulations
satisfying Sections B1-B5 .
B1 Means of escape in case of fire
B2 Internal fire spread (linings)
B3 Internal fire spread (structure)
B4 External fire spread
B5 Access and facilities for the fire ser-
vice
The fee is €2.90 per square metre of
floor area (for the part of the building
which the Fire Safety Certificate Applica-
tion relates to).
The minimum fee is €125 and the maxi-
mum fee is €12500 regardless of floor
area. In this situation the maximum fee
will apply.
 m

Science Museum Dublin

Chicago Museum Science Technology The Science Gallery Trinity College Dublin

Theoretical research,
Introduction:
In this precedent study I have elected to
examine 3 facilities as Science and Tech-
nology museums. The Chicago Museum of
Science and Industry, The Irish Museum of
Science and Technology, and The Science
Gallery also located in Dublin. The reason-
ing behind my choice was because the
Chicago STI is considered one to be one
of the largest and best examples of a Sci-
ence Museum in the World, The Irish STI
because it is what is available to the public
in this country under the banner of Sci-
ence and Technology. The Science Gallery
located at Trinity College because of its
Landschaftspark Duisburg-Nord unique approach to the subject .
Zeeburgereiland Sewage Silos Amsterdam
Precedent Study 1. Chicago Museum of
Science and Industry,
Location: Chicago, Illinois, Area: 37160 sq. m.
Completion: 1935
Chicago's Museum of Science and Industry, is
considered to be one of the largest science mu-
seums in the world, it houses more than 35,000
artefacts and has been in operation since 1933
and has seen more than 175 million guests in
its 75 years .In 2009 it had over 1.6million visi-
tors with more than 266,000 children in school
groups.
It was designed by Charles B. Atwood and built
in 1893 as The Palace of Fine Arts constructed
for the world's Columbian exposition, also called
the Chicago world's fair to celebrate the 400th
anniversary of Christopher Columbus's arrival in
the New World, and opened the same year. The
original design is said to be of a Greek-inspired
Beaux Arts theme (neo classical) that includes
three pavilions and Ionic order columns. It was
constructed with a brick substructure under a
plaster facade.
After the World's Fair, it initially housed the Co-
lumbian museum, which evolved into the field
museum of natural history. When a new field
museum building opened, the museum organi-
zation moved and the former site was left va-
cant falling to ruin.
During its conversion into the MSI, the building's
exterior was re-cast in limestone, retaining its
1893 look, while the interior was replaced with
a new one in Art Moderne/Deco style designed
by Alfred P. Shaw. The building has seen more
recent refurbishments mostly in an effort to pre-
serve the one hundred year old plus structure.
It is located approximately eight miles from
Downtown Chicago and is well serviced by
Public Transport, fed by four Bus routes
and two Rail networks.
It opens 364 days of the year only closing m
on Christmas day.
Admission to the Museum is by fee with
other fees applying to other visiting exhibits
that help fund their installation and mainte-
nance cost. It does have some “free days”
during the year.
The museum stretches over 14 acres,
this including exterior exhibits and lands.
And the interior exhibition space is 37160
square metres divided into four parts on
three levels.
Mission Statement:
It’s mission is, to inspire and motivate chil-
dren to achieve their full potential in the
fields of science, technology, engineering
and medicine. In addition to interactive
exhibits, the Museum's centre for the ad-
vancement of science education is con-
tinually developing and facilitating student
learning, this is achieved by implementing
programs that enhances subject matter in
line with Chicago schools educational curricu-
lum.
It also provides after-school science clubs,
teen volunteer programs, teacher development
classes and community outreach, all ways in
which the museum seeks to make science
come alive for children of all ages. This includes
providing hands-on programs called Learning
Labs to over 18,000 students each school year.
Approximately 1,000 teachers each year are
served through professional development activi-
ties.
About 500 teens have learned about sci-
ence and provided experiments to MSI guests
through our Science Minors and Science
Achievers youth development programs.
The museum and Illinois Institute of Technology
also offer a series of courses that allow teach-
ers to earn a Master of Science Education de-
gree or a middle-school science endorsement.
A videoconferencing program, which allow
students to interact with a surgical team dur-
ing real-time, open-heart surgery, has reached
more than 14,000 students since its inception in
2003.
The museum hosts both permanent exhibits,
some which have been present since it’s crea-
tion, and temporary exhibitions as well as pro-
viding space for private corporate events as well
as parties and even weddings.
Permanent Exhibitions:
U-505 Submarine:
On the lower level of the building is housed an
U-505 submarine exhibit in an area 3200 me-
tres square, which is an interactive exhibit fo-
cussing on the sub as well it’s history and cap-
ture.
YOU! The Experience:
This exhibit brings the elements of the human
body in an interactive exhibit examining the ex-
perience of life and the connection between the
human mind, body and spirit in the 21st cen-
tury. There are over 50 interactive experiences
throughout the space, including cutting edge
medical technology with immersive hands-on
programs.
Science Storms:
Reveals the science behind seven natural phe-
nomena, lightening, fire, tornados, avalanches,
tsunamis, sunlight and atoms in motion. This
exhibit invites Investigation into the basic scien-
tific principles behind nature's power, as there
are more than 50 experiments.
Coal Mine:
The Coal Mine was the first interactive experi-
ence featured at the Museum, and has been a
permanent feature since 1933. It is a nar-
rated ride to the bottom of a mine shaft
where the visitor experiences the evolution
of technology used in mining coal, and ex-
periences first-hand the work environment
of the U.S. mining industry. m
Baby Chick Hatchery:
At the Baby Chick Hatchery—the visitor
can watch as chicks peck out of their shells
and take their first steps. Fertilized eggs
are placed in an incubator each day! The
hatchery illustrates animal development
and answers questions like, “what is a fer-
tile egg?” and “how can you tell if a chick is
male or female?”
On view are also cloned mice, and the user
can find out how and why scientists are
studying cloning.
You can also learn how genetic engineer-
ing makes frogs’ eyes glow and how sci-
entists are using this to study how the eye
develops.
Learn about DNA from a real strand of
President Abraham Lincoln’s hair and
study your own hair up-close, and learn the
role they play in genetic diseases and DNA
fingerprinting.
The Great Train Story:
The Great Train Story is a model railroad
with more than 30 trains running on 600
metres of track, with various interactive
stations
Toy-maker 3000:
Toy-maker 3000 is an exhibit that goes
through the entire manufacturing process
of creating a toy. The exhibit consists of eight
interactive stations, with twelve moving robots,
and a 70-metre square automated assembly
line that can assemble 300 toy tops per hour!
Earth Revealed:
A 2 metre in diameter, solid carbon fibre globe
dramatically suspended among computers and
video projectors, loaded with data sets from the
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Adminis-
tration and NASA. The technology transforms
the sphere into a dynamic, revolving globe that
demonstrates the Earth as a living system.
The Colleen Moore Fairy Castle:
An elaborate, miniature house that, was created
by silent film star Colleen Moore in the 1930s,
and, donated to the Museum of Science and
Industry in 1949.
It includes murals and paintings painted by Walt
Disney himself; chandeliers adorned with real
diamonds, emeralds and pearls; the tiniest bible
ever to be written, dating back to 1840; and an-
cient statues more than 2,000 years old.
Pioneer Zephyr:
A 20-minute computer interactive that allows
you to "drive" the Pioneer Zephyr train in which
the user explores the baggage, smoking, pas-
senger and observation compartments. You can
also view the engineer’s cab,. There are also
science interactives, such as demonstrations on
diesel-electric transmissions, compression igni
tion, centre of gravity and streamlining.
Farm Tech:
At Farm Tech the users explore the newest
innovations that farmers use from all over the
world.
Highlights of the exhibit let the user experience
new robotic milking technology, teaches how
farmers turn manure into power; steer a trac-
tor and combine, and demonstrates how GPS
plays and important role in today’s farms.
Take Flight:
An exploration of inner and outer workings of
an actual United Airlines Boeing 727 teaching
about the technology that shapes commercial
aviation. There are numerous hands-on activi-
ties, interactive displays and experiences, in-
cluding real United Airlines pilots that volunteer
in the exhibit, talking to guests about the plane,
flying and aviation careers.
The Smart Home: Green + Wired
A fully-functioning, eco-friendly home on the
Museum’s grounds, The home is redesigned to
reflect the lifestyle of a couple looking to mini-
mize home maintenance, maximize efficiency.
Emphasized are spaces for entertaining, a
master bedroom that serves as a retreat,
a whimsical nursery/playroom and a func-
tional home office—all of which keep in
mind natural elements and harmony with
the earth. The design features soft, organic
textures and colours fused with a contem- m
porary style.
The Idea Factory
Children can explore the attributes of four
basic objects: cube, sphere, tetrahedron
and cylinder. Using these objects, they
experiment and test their own theories
about the fundamentals of construction,
simple machines, light, colour, magnetism,
balance, air and water. For example, kids
aged three to five years can explore the
effect of differently shaped wheels on the
speed and flow of movement and how air
pressure affects the flow of bubbles.
An interactive crane encourages children
to use hand-eye coordination to retrieve
and move objects with an electromagnetic
crane. Children aged 6-10 years can use
a crane to lift heavier objects remotely and
determine how weight affects distribution of
balance. They can also observe the differ-
ent ways to manipulate white light versus
laser light using prisms, lenses and mir-
rors.
The water spectacle contains 3,300 gallons
of water and invites children to build and
navigate their own boats, discover how wa-
ter moves objects and help set off the great
geyser—an enormous water spray that is
triggered by manipulation of hand and foot
controls.
Fast Forward:
Fast Forward is an immersive multimedia
exploration of how future lives are being
shaped today. This exhibit spotlights some
of today’s visionaries working toward a limitless,
sustainable future.
From cuisine made by ink-jet printers, to urban
high-rise farming, to instant-messaged hugs
you can feel. The user can add their own visual
ideas to interactive displays. Live Internet news
feeds about invention and technology show the
future of innovation as it takes shape.
Climate matters:
Climate Matters demonstrates how the changes
that climate disruption is creating in the Earth’s
oceans, landmasses, atmosphere and global
ecosystems and, explores two complementary
perspectives on climate disruption.
One gallery takes a global view, focusing on the
information scientists are using to understand
the impacts climate disruption is already having
on the planet.
Another gallery brings the topic home with a
special focus on Chicago. From green roofs, to
promoting alternative transportation to imple-
menting the Chicago Climate Action Plan.
Ships through the ages:
Ships through the Ages is a collection of au-
thentic ship models ranging from reproductions
of the first sea craft that dared to sail the ocean
nearly 5,000 years ago to luxury liners of the
mid-1900s. The exhibit features models of ap-
proximately 50 famous ships that were used for
war, passenger transportation and distribution.
Yesterdays Main Street:
Yesterday’s Main Street transports the user
back to the beginning of the 20th Century and
allows them to see what Chicago would have
looked like in 1910.
Net World.
Contains over 30 computers, 25 projectors and
various other systems all running at once.
With the help of interactive walls, its aim is
to make the user feel as though they are im-
mersed in the superhighway traffic of the Inter-
net as they go from station to station. You can
create your own avatar to guide you to exhibit
stations to learn about the foundation of the
Internet’s technology, which includes bits, band-
width and packet switching.
Live Educational demonstrations.
The museum has a serious of programmes that
are live demonstrations in the fields of phys-
ics chemistry and biology, where you can be a
doctor in a unique experience featuring “I-Stan”,
a Human Patient Simulator. Learn how to take
vital signs and check your own.!
You can also learn about vision and the work-
ings of the eye by dissecting your very own cow
eyeball in a 30-minute session.
Other Areas include,
A five story Omni-max theatre
Nine learning lab areas for special educational
programming
An 800-seat auditorium and two smaller theatre
spaces.
Facilities:
A restaurant,
A coffee shop,
An ice cream parlour.
4 gift shops
The museum has a total of 6 restroom facilities
around the building with at least one on each
floor.
Accessibility:
The Museum's two primary guest entrances are
wheelchair accessible, and elevators and ramps
serve all public areas within the building.
The museums website states that all
“reasonable efforts have been made to
eliminate or mitigate existing barriers to ac-
cessibility within the historic Museum build-
ings, and reasonable accommodations are
made for disabled guests when physical m
conditions would otherwise prevent them
from full access to a museum exhibit or
program”.
It also provides complimentary wheelchairs
available at both entrances
Other facilities include
Strollers
A lost and found facility
ATM/Cash Stations
Vending Machines.
Building Services:
When one considers the size of such a
building and the volume of exhibits through
out that would consume energy and natural
resources such as power for artificial task
lighting as well as high wattage exhibition
lighting, energy usage would be a major
consideration along with water use in the
museum not only used domestically, but
also for usage in some exhibits too.. As
well as this, because of Chicago’s extreme
climate with very hot summers and bitterly
cold winters, and its lakeside setting only
slightly moderating the temperatures and
adding some humidity to the atmosphere,
Air conditioning through out the museum
would also be a major factor.
In addressing these issues sustainably.
Light & Heat.
A 1.75 MW cogeneration system was de-
signed to provide up to 80 percent of the
museum’s heat, hot water and electricity.

Cogeneration involves the production of
two forms of power, usually electricity and
heat, from a single source of fuel; in this
case, natural gas. The chief benefits are high
efficiency upwards of 90 percent and significant
savings on overall energy expenditures.
By generating electricity on-site and using the
waste heat from the engine that drives the gen-
erator, the museum produces electricity for light-
ing, steam for space heating and cooling, and
domestic hot water.
Annual savings for the cogeneration installation
were initially projected to be about $200,000. In
addition, heat from the cogeneration plant uses
the waste heat from the engine to heat domestic
hot water. When the air conditioning is on during
the summer months, the main use of the waste
heat output is to run a desiccant dehumidifier.
The conversion boiler puts out so much steam
that it is routed into the existing boiler header
to heat much of the building in the spring and
autumn.
Water usage.
As well as intelligent toilet systems, Graywa-
ter is the primary source of water for 14 of the
50 toilets in restrooms and saves the museum
250,000 gallons of water annually, with a net
worked, software-based water-control system in
three restrooms. Water savings began when the
museum installed low-consumption fixtures in
place of older fixtures using more water. The
facility replaced manual 3.5 gpf water closets
with sensor-operated 1.6 gpf water closets,
manual 1.5 gpf urinals with water-free urinals
and manual metering faucets operating at 0.25
gallons-per-use with sensor-activated 0.5 gpm
faucets, green water closets, water-free urinals
and sensor-activated faucets.
The water closet and faucet updates alone have
reduced water usage by approximately 800,000
gallons each year. Installing the water-free uri-
nals, as well as a graywater system that recov-
ers lavatory water to flush some of the water
closets, saves the museum another 250,000
gallons of water annually. Together, the water-
efficiency systems save almost 1.1 million gal-
lons each year.
In terms of operation, traffic sensors at the door
to each restroom count how many people enter.
Infrared sensors located at each water closet
and water-free urinal aid in restroom monitor-
ing. This is particularly helpful in ensuring that
housekeeping replaces the water-free urinal
cartridges before they are depleted the system
issues a warning when a urinal comes within
about 100 uses of expiration.
Feedback:
Feed back from visitors has been positive
with it receiving 4 out of 5 points.*
Comments from visitors to the museum
reported
No problems with identifying and reading m
signage,
Ample places to sit through out the build-
ing.
Ample amount of toilet facilities, that are
well maintained.
Negative comments include noise prob-
lems through out, especially when large
groups of school children are in attend-
ance.
Temperature control problems within the
building, being cold and hot in the wrong
areas.
As well as disappointment that you arrive
at the museum via an entrance through the
car park and not one of the museum's best
assets, its main entrance.
Other commentators felt it was more
geared towards children .
Conclusion:
The Chicago Museum of Science and
Industry appears to be quite the example
of a museum whatever its subject matter. It
covers the vast areas of science and tech-
nology with a differing array of subjects,
with the intention of making the experience
as enjoyable as possible.
In it’s 75 years of experience it seems to
understand it’s audience and fulfils it’s goal
of being wholly interactive by not only be-
ing a place of entertainment but also an
institution with very high learning poten-
tial through it’s commitment to education
whether it is for children or adults.
*Feed back from Trip advisor.com
Precedent Study 2.
The Science Gallery:
Location: Dublin Area: 1,600 sq. m.
Completion: 2008
The Science Gallery shares a building oc-
cupying an irregular shaped plot bounded by
an elevated railway line, part of the Naughton
Institute which contains research labs and a
sports centre for the use of students within the
college. The entire building is a five-story-over-
basement structure, with research labs and
the (CRANN) Centre for Research on Adaptive
Nano-structures and Nano-devices building,
specialist in nano-science research buildings.
The Science Gallery occupies two floors of flex-
ible exhibition spaces.
The fully glazed two-storey facade of the Sci-
ence Gallery constitutes a highly visible and
inviting 'shop window' at street level. Contem-
porary furniture by designers including Phillipe
Starck, is fully mobile and re-configurable to
accommodate the flexible nature of the internal
spaces.
The buildings scheme also features highly
flexible display spaces, as well as a cafe and
150-person lecture theatre, which allow the Gal-
lery to display a wide range of exhibition materi-
al and encourage public interaction while raising
general awareness of the College's commitment
to science and technology.
The Science Gallery, is considered to be the
first facility of its kind in the world, it is a new
type of venue for public engagement where
ideas meet and opinions collide by fusing art
alongside technology to showcase science, art
and innovation.
The Gallery's design allows for direct integration
with the actual scientific research taking place
elsewhere in the building, people become liter-
ally involved with science. The Science Gallery
has also developed a ‘Science and Technology
in Society’ course for students in arts, humani-
ties and science disciplines to explore science’s
interaction with society through practical exam-
ples and project work culminating in a year-end
public exhibit.
A target of 50,000 visitors was set for the Gal-
lery's first year — in reality more than 120,000
people visited. The Gallery is working towards
being the central interface engaging the public
with science when Dublin is the European City
of Science in 2012.The Science Gallery has
been nominated for the 2010 European Muse-
um of the Year Award.
It has previously hosted exhibitions on themes
ranging from light to the science of fashion,
public experiments, challenges, festivals, de-
bates and workshops. It is funded by the Arts
council and Department of Culture and Heritage
also receiving funding from private investment
including Dell, Dimplex. Admission to the gallery
is free.
It is aimed at young adults, 15 years and
over, it attempts to engage through an
active programme of exhibitions, public
experiments and events to help them dis-
cover, express and pursue their passion for
science. Exhibitions typically feature hands m
on visitor participation.
The building is divided up into 4 open gal-
lery spaces a Theatre and 2 studios
It is well equipped with state-of-the art
audio-visual systems including point-to-
point video conferencing facilities through-
out the different spaces and galleries, with
wi-fi and catering facilities.
Theatre
The theatre is a tiered 144 seater, fully
equipped venue used for lectures, award
ceremonies, debates, panel discussions
and symposia. The theatre is fitted with
state of the art AV equipment with cinema
quality surround sound and a 24 ft screen.
Studios:
The studios are used for meetings, poster
sessions, break-out sessions and work-
shops.
 During my visit the Exhibition was a “Green”
themed installation “Green Machine”. Most of
the exhibits on display occupied no more than
ten to fifteen metres square. Exhibitions and
how they are organised and laid out must take
some serious consideration to maximize the
space and how the exhibit is experienced but
succeeds in this case resulting in such an inti-
mate environment inviting users to interact and
discuss what is taking place in a relaxed and
social manner.
On first inspection a passer by would think it is
an open plan coffee shop. The gallery aims for
exploration of the interface between science,
technology and culture in a more relaxed and
sociable environment
Because of size it has very limited scope for
installations therefore it does not house any
permanent installations. The gallery seems to
more aim at having themed events that take
over the entire space, this includes workshops
and discussions distributed between the studios
and theatre.
Access throughout the building is good with
wheel chair access to the second floor is by lift.
Lighting is low voltage and is controlled by mo-
tion sensors in less busy areas coming on on
when entering.
Although it is mostly of glass it appears is
well
acoustically treated and noise from within
is limited. Although North facing the gal-
lery receives a good amount of daylight m
and does not need to depend to much
on artificial light although some lighting is
used mainly for high lighting rather than
as a necessity.
Feedback :
Most visitors rated The Science Gallery
very highly, with comments ranging from
a very laid back approach to science, to
outstanding idea for what some deem to
be a very stuffy subject.
Conclusion.
I enjoyed the time spent wandering
around the museum, and could see my-
self visiting , if only for some where differ-
ent to have a coffee. It definitely wouldn’t
appeal to young children but I don’t trys
to target this audience. Although the sub-
ject matter that was on display was quite
interesting the gallery is limited by what
it’s subject is at any given time, if it’s not
something a user would be interested in
then I don’t think they would be inclined
to visit. Having such space constraints
does not allow it appeal to a more main-
stream audience with general looking for
a wider appeal on the subject.
 SCIENCE GALLERY SCIENCE GALLERY
FLOOR PLAN
Corporate Hire Space

PACCAR THEATRE: STUDIO 1: STUDIO 2: GALLERY 2:

144 seat, Tiered Theatre. AREA 700 sq ft (65 sq m) AREA 560 sq ft (52 sq m) AREA 855 sq ft (80 sq m)
AREA 1,730 ft (160.72 sq m)

1 2
O O
GALLERY 4 PACCAR THEATRE UDI DI
S T U
ST
GALLERY 2

GALLERY 3

PACCAR THEATRE

ENTRANCE INFO

CAFE

GALLERY 1

G
m
Precedent Study 3.
Location: Dublin Area: 100 sqm. Completion:
2009 Science Gallery at Dublin Wax Museum.
The science exhibit is part of the Dublin Wax
museums programme located on the second
floor in the old Armoury buildings on College
Green . It occupies two rooms over approxi-
mately 100 metres square. Some of the exhib-
its are interactive experiments, and displays
of some of the greatest achievements of Irish
Science.
Among the scientists whose work is being
showcased in the room are John Holland, the
inventor of the submarine; Ernest Walton, who
was involved in the splitting of the atom; Sir
Charles Parsons, the inventor of the steam
turbine; and John Tyndall, the man who discov- m
ered the impact of gases such as carbon-diox-
ide on the world’s temperatures.
Others include, Henry George Ferguson, who
revolutionised the farming industry by design-
ing and building a plough with a 3 point linkage
to the tractor. a design still widely used today. A
sample back end of a tractor is on view for all to
see.
appropriate as most of the works displayed
are pre 20th century.
An aside to this exhibition on the third floor
is a reproduction of a recording studio, it
is complete with audio desk and racks of
equipment and effects. It gives a good in-
sight into how an audio room is laid out but
would not engage a user for more than a
minute or two as there is no explanation as
to how it works or what the banks of ma-
chines actually do. Adjacent to the studio
is a video green room, I think the idea of
this space is for the user to interact with an
screen dance performance and see your-
self displayed on a computer simu
The exhibition also includes experiments to
explain the work of some of the scientists and
examples of discoveries, there is a simulation of
a submarine periscope, a model of the world’s
first metropolitan rail line (designed by William
Dargan).
The displays are mostly miniature models with
the biography of the scientist and very wordy
descriptions of their work on graphics boards. It
is themed as a late 19th early 20th century mu-
seum space which one supposes would be
lated back ground. Again it appeared as an While the minister for education Batt O’Keeffe
aside to what was going on with no explanation lauded this exhibit on its launch as an inspira-
and giving no insight as to how the technology tion for the future of scientific education and
might work. discovery in Ireland. I do not believe this is how
Its location, although accessed by lift has nar- to achieve their aim. It is a history lesson rather
row circulation space and the corridors would than attempt to immerse people in what is pos- m
make navigation particularly difficult for a wheel- sible in the future of Science and would not be
chair user. inviting users back.
The way the exhibits are set up also make it
difficult for a wheel chair occupant to properly
reach and experience the exhibitt. The monitors
for video all face up to suit a standing position
and reaching to use the onscreen interface from
could also be a chore. Within its overall context
as another section within the museum and com-
pared to wax dummies, one could consider it as
an interactive display, but on its own as an ex-
ample of a science and technology museum it
is pretty poor compared to the other examples.
While it is probably aimed more at foreign tour-
ists to help promote Irelands science achieve-
ments as a history lesson, it doesn’t offer any
flexibility or would be a location for future show-
casing of modern scientific endeavours.
The direction of the rooms are south facing so
receives an good amount of daylight so does
not need to rely to much on artificial light al-
though the information are highlighted.
Feedback:
Visitors reaction to the museum as a whole
have been average while the Science and Tech-
nology gallery was not singled out for any spe-
cific mention. *
Conclusion:
In recent months multinationals have told the
Government that more work needed to be done
to encourage students to study maths and sci-
ence. While this exhibit might give a good ac-
count as to the past it would not be the vehicle
for giving a broad insight into what is generally
current or emerging in the field of science and
technology.
Building Precedent Study
Zeeburgereiland Sewage Silos Amsterdam.
NL Architects:
Pieter Bannenberg, Walter van Dijk, Kamiel
Klaasse,
The relocation of the sewage treatment plant in
the centre of Amsterdam sparked new develop-
ments in the area. This design won a competi-
tion to redevelop the silos in to usable structures
and prompt redevelopment of the area into a
publicly habitable environment.
The scope of the project will involve rede-
veloping the silos into a climbing centre, a
cultural centre and office space.
The cultural silo will house two theatres
with dressing rooms and rehearsal spaces,
as well as workshops, and exhibition space m
and music studios.
The second Silo will be the climbing cen-
tre with a hotel, coffee shop and additional
function rooms and possibly even a church.

The ideology behind this project is to create a

monumental substance in the projected urban
condition. In the midst of the mainly residential
development the silos will be reminiscent of their
industrial past.
The accumulation of these facilities is intended
to be an asset to the new neighbourhood and
create an intense Cultural micro climate. The
exterior will be re-modelled into a seemingly
Stretched and Twisted form to give an abstract
Sculptural quality.
m
Landschaftspark Duisburg-Nord
Landschaftspark is a public park located in
Duisburg Nord, Germany.
It was designed in 1991 by Latz + Partner (Pe-
ter Latz), influenced by de-constructivist philos-
ophy with the intention that it works to heal and
understand the industrial past, rather than trying
to reject it.
The pairs of park/waste, process/product, and
art/nature are inverted. Each term is switched,
where, waste becomes park, product becomes
process, and nature becomes art. These three
types of recycling underlie the parks design.
The four halls of the Blower House Complex,
set in the unique surrounding of an industrial
heritage museum. Where concerts, theatrical
and dance performances, exhibitions, trade
fairs, events, galas, product presentations, open
air cinema with bars and a restaurant.
The Blower House Lobby
A stimulating engineering scenery makes
the Blower House Lobby an ideal choice
for events organized for customers, small
company parties, receptions or press
meetings. A platform with old machinery m
is used as a stage. The 150sq.m. room is
often used together
with the Pump House or the Compressor
House and the perfect location for events
organized for some 40 to 120 people.
The Cast House
The cast house has an out door roofed
stage.
The area is also used for cinematic events
as well as concerts and recitals. The stage
being located directly in front of the cold
blast furnace with a grandstand to seat one
thousand visitors, while two thirds of the
grandstand are out in the open.

The park closely associates itself with the past

use of the site: a coal and steel production plant
abandoned in 1985, leaving the area significant-
ly polluted and the agricultural land it had been
prior to the mid 19th century.
Within the main complex there are specific pro-
grammatic elements: the concrete bunkers cre-
ate a space for a series of intimate gardens, old
gas tanks have become pools for scuba divers,
concrete walls are used by rock climbers, and
one of the most central places of the factory, the
middle of the former steel mill, has been made
into a piazza.
The Engine House
The Engine House, the former power house of
the mill. The 170m hall was transformed into a
stage for anything from a government reception
or a rock concerts. The hall will hold up to 4,140
guests depending on the type of event.
The Pump House
The pump house has 330 sq.metres of indus-
trial history converted into a setting for events,
small exhibitions or product launches which is
also a setting for gala dinners, with seating up
to 200 guests.
Sustainable Strategies:
Lighting:
Although some parts of the building will require
a black box environment, such as the Plan-
etarium for the display to work, the emphasis
to other areas of the buildings will focus on
maximizing day lighting. The site faces directly
north and will benefit from the full range of natu-
ral light so day lighting techniques would be
suitable to maximise natural light through out
the building where possible. Benefits will be to
significantly improve life-cycle cost, as well as
making for a more natural environment which
shall help enliven spaces, as well as increas-
ing user productivity by users who inhabit the
building on a daily basis. Other benefits will be
reducing emissions by eliminating the need for
artificial light and electric consumption and re-
duce day to day operating costs.
This will be achieved by simply maximizing
glazing areas where possible.
Glazing Materials:
The simplest method to maximize daylight with-
in a space is to increase the glazing area.
Most of the window and door types will use
triple glazing in the unit. The third layer is so
designed to resist extreme weather conditions,
which makes this type of window excellent in re-
gions where aspect and prevailing wind can be
an extreme; as well as being effective in sealing
the envelope; they also act as great conden-
sation protection, as high indoor humidity can
result in a build-up of toxic mould, both visible
and indiscernible.
Other approaches would be a reliance on
achieving high levels of reflectance on walls and
ceilings where appropriate.
To maximize this natural resource and on occa-
sion when light levels are pretty poor the inte-
gration of natural Lighting design techniques
such as proper placement of instruments with
intelligent sensor technology that will enable
switching, stepping, and dimming controls that
augment levels or decrease illumination de-
pending on natural light levels, as well as man-
aging rarely used areas that can be activated by
motion sensor when a user enters a predefined
space range.
Electrical/Mechanical:
A museum of this type displaying and exhibiting
type of science and technology on an average
of 10-12 days and up to 350 days a year would
require a large reliable supply of electricity from
lighting to domestic purposes as well as supply
for running exhibits and the technology needed
for such.
Supply could be generated from a diverse
means such as photo-voltaic, wind, and wave
power, as well as co-generation systems.
A myth about PV systems in Ireland is that they
can’t be of any real benefit in our climate where
we don’t as much sun as other locations closer
to the southern hemisphere, even on partly
cloudy days, they can turn out as much as 80%
of their potential energy. Even on extremely
overcast days, they can still produce about 25%
of their maximum output. The amount of PV
units required would be subject to calculation
form an Electrical engineer to calculate power
usage throughout the facility.
It would be envisaged that as an example a
wind generated tower would be Although this
could be considered as an artefact it will serve
a useful purpose. “Pay their own way” so to
speak.
At present Ireland has an installed wind power
capacity of 1260.4 megawatts. Single turbine
can generate between .5 and 2mw depending
on the model, Although the waters off the
Atlantic coastline of Ireland is a better site
for wind farms. Typical models for single
usage can have an annual output of be-
tween 15kW-30kW with voltages between
48V –300V.Size of a model similar to this m
specification would around 15 metres tall
with a rotor diameter of 9m. Although the
aesthetic of such a machine is not pretty it
could be sited closer to the shore line.
Other methods for electrical production
could be the exploration Small Scale CHP
strategies co-generation also combined
heat and power systems which can gener-
ate both power and air conditioning.
Small Scale CHP is particularly suitable for
applications such as hotels, hospitals and
leisure centres, where there is a steady
demand for heat and power throughout the
year. In small scale schemes the CHP unit
consists of a reciprocating engine or micro-
turbine, which is mounted in an acoustic
enclosure. Heat exchangers recover heat
from the engine exhaust gases and cooling
system to produce hot water, which can be
integrated into the site services. The unit is
normally designed to meet the site’s base
heat and electrical power requirements.
Peak heating demand can be supplied us-
ing high efficiency modular gas boilers to
provide hot water, with additional electric-
ity being imported from the national grid.
A control system will allow the automatic
operation of the unit to meet the heat and
power demands of the site. The source for
such a system could be either from a gas,
or produced via bio fuels.
Water management :
Water shortage has been recognised as one
of the key issues facing many countries. For-
tunately, there are relatively abundant water
resources available in Ireland because of its
plenty of rainfall. However, Ireland will inevita-
bly encounter water shortage in the future. The
water consumption per capita per day in Ire-
land is one of the highest in Europe. The water
demand is still increasing due to population
growth and higher standard of living. The use
of domestic rainwater harvesting and greywater
treatment systems has the potential to supply
nearly 94% of domestic water in Irish house-
holds. The utilisation of these systems can help
take pressure off the centralised water supply to
meet the increasing water demand.
Although Irelands water supply is still mainly
free of major pollutants Dublin bay is probably
the most stressed water way in Ireland with dis-
charge coming from agricultural sources as well
as a densely populated city.
On-site collection and use of greywater is an
alternative to public mains or private potable
water supply. Greywater has a variety of non-
potable water uses in the toilets workplace and
garden.
Types of greywater systems:
Greywater systems vary significantly in their
complexity and size, and can be grouped ac-
cording to the type of filtration or treatment they
use, as follows.
Direct reuse systems (no treatment)
These systems use simple devices to collect
greywater from appliances and deliver it directly
to the points of use, with no treatment and mini-
mal, or no, storage, e.g. a greywater diverter
valve.
Short retention systems
These systems apply a very basic filtration or
treatment technique, such as skimming debris
off the surface of the collected greywater and
allowing particles to settle to the bottom of the
tank. They aim to avoid odour and water quality
issues by ensuring that the treated greywater is
not stored for an extended period.
Basic physical/chemical systems
These systems use a filter to remove debris
from the collected greywater prior to storage
while chemical disinfectants (e.g. chlorine or
bromine) are generally used to stop bacterial
growth during storage.
Biological systems
These systems use aerobic or anaerobic bac-
teria to digest any unwanted organic material in
the collected greywater. In the case of aerobic
treatment, pumps or aquatic plants can be used
to aerate the water.
Bio-mechanical systems
These systems, the most advanced for domes-
tic greywater reuse, combine biological and
physical treatment, e.g. removing organic mat-
ter by microbial cultures and solid material by
settlement. They encourage bacterial activity by
bubbling oxygen through the collected greywa-
ter.
As there is proposed development stretching
beyond the interior around the circulation ar-
eas and covering the surrounding gardens and
because of the sites location to the bay and with
rain levels increasing at the moment, a sustain-
able drainage management system for success-
fully discharging with rain water could be imple-
mented.
Drainage systems can be developed in line
with the ideals of sustainable development, by
balancing the different issues that should be
influencing the design. Surface water drainage
methods that take account of quantity, qual-
ity and amenity issues are collectively referred
to as Sustainable Drainage Systems (SUDS).
These systems are more sustainable than con-
ventional drainage methods because they:
Manage runoff flow rates, reducing the im-
pact of urbanisation on flooding.
Protect or enhance water quality.
Are sympathetic to the environmental set-
ting and the needs of the local community.
Provide a habitat for wildlife in urban water- m
courses.
Encourage natural groundwater recharge
(where appropriate).
They do this by:
Dealing with runoff close to where the rain
falls.
Managing potential pollution at its source
now and in the future.
Protecting water resources from point pol-
lution (such as accidental spills) and diffuse
sources.
They may also allow new development in
areas where existing sewerage systems
are close to full capacity, thereby enabling
development within existing urban areas.
A successful installation of such a system
using a permeable paving surface has
been in operation over the last 5 years at
the Eco Village in Cloughjordan Co. Tipper-
ary.
Permeable paving surfaces keep the pol-
lutants in place in the soil or other material
underlying the roadway, and allow water
seepage to groundwater recharge while
preventing the stream erosion problems.
They capture the heavy metals that fall on
them, preventing them from washing down-
stream and accumulating inadvertently in
the environment.
As well as managing waste water, Intelli-
gent water management systems can also
help regulate the use of fresh water, using
sensor controlled technology. Other
technologies that could be utilised in toilets are
waterless urinals.
Waste:
The practice of waste minimisation and waste
management shall be employed, using state
of the art composting facilities to biologically
decompose paper, cardboard, yard waste, and
food residue. There will be a recycling base
where different departments could gather seg-
regated solid waste. Organic (compost-able)
waste will first be composted, within and around
the grounds where practical and safe. Waste
will be sorted, compacted or broken down
and held for collection by municipal recycling
schemes or delivered to bring centres.
Another innovative use for excess compost-
able waste, is the removal to Glenstal Abbey, a
Benedictine Monastery in County Limerick that
has been engaged in environmental projects
since the early 1990’s and makes extensive use
of vermiculture, (worm composting) producing
vermin-compost.
Vermi-compost is the product or process of
composting utilizing various species of worms,
creating the heterogeneous mixture of decom-
posing vegetable or food waste, bedding ma-
terials, and pure vermin-cast produced during
the course of normal vermiculture operations
and this project will combine vermiculture and
thermo-phillic (hot pile) composting to fulfil the
objectives for advanced and natural waste man-
agement.
They have also recently completed a Wetland
System to treat domestic and agricultural waste
products, and are now developing ways of con-
verting solid wastes into energy and other re-
sources.
Construction:
Materials:
Wood Types: All wood used would be of a co-
niferous variety such as Sitka spruce which is
commonly available and can be sourced lo-
cally as this is a sustainable natural resource
and requires relatively small amounts of energy
to grow and process making it economical to
transport.
Hemp is a very versatile fibre that can be manu-
factured into a variety of products that resemble
wood including fibreboard, roofing tiles, insula-
tion, panelling and bricks.
Hemp-Crete is made up of a mixture of hemp
hurds and lime, and is pumped in between a
standard timber-framed shutters successfully to
a width of approximately 300mm. And can then
plastered with lime. The end result is a wall that
is extremely vapour permeable as Hemp-Crete
doubles as a good insulator and moisture regu-
lator.
The environmental benefits of using lime mortar
are:
It has a lower embodied energy input than Port-
land Cement Between 50% an
70% less energy than masonry mortar com-
pared to a cement based one, and, one of its
greatest advantages is its ability to act as a
binder of low energy.
Insulation:
Cellulose, made up of 80% post-consumer re-
cycled newsprint. The fibre is chemically treated
with non-toxic borate compounds to resist fire,
insects, and mould. It is an ideal insulation
method as it requires less energy than fibre-
glass to manufacture; Using up to 200 times
less petro-energy than fibreglass to produce.
The qualities of cellulose while givng excellent
U values can also save between 20 to 50 per-
cent on utility bills.
Sound performance:
The first is that cellulose completely fills
cavities leaving few air pockets for sound
to travel in. The second is the cellulose ma-
terials ability to trap air. The significant dif-
ference between noise reduction with cellu-
lose and fiberglass is its density. Cellulose m
is approximately three times denser then
fiberglass. This helps deaden the sound
through walls and between floor levels.
Metals:
Recycled metals for structural work are
also commonly available in Ireland the
closer sourced to site the advantages of
lower emissions from transporting from
long distances. Steel is one of the most
recyclable materials. Steel is available from
scrap cars, electrical appliances, office fur-
niture, industrial equipment etc. recycling
steel saves a lot of energy. It is much more
energy efficient to use steel scrap to make
new steel than to mine the ore and then
smelt it in a blast furnace. It takes about
75% less energy to make steel from recy-
cled materials than it does from iron ore.
Most so called “Green steels” contain up to
40% of recycled steel.
Other metals that could be considered for
non structural works could be copper
Many copper-containing building products
have high recycled content—often exceed-
ing 80%. Perhaps more importantly, these
products are durable, have long life spans,
are low maintenance—requiring little repair
or replacement—and are readily reusable
or recyclable.
Building applications for copper metals
range from the building envelope to the
equipment within the building. Copper is
used in traditional roof and wall cladding,
flashing, gutters and downspouts, as well
as sunshades and passive solar walls
Finishes : All materials should be chosen that
are non-toxic in manufacture, use and decay.
This means a reduction in the use of PVC, tim-
ber preservatives, glues and other intrusive
substances, while natural finishes will be pre-
ferred. This would include Low VOC paints and
adhesives used durng the construction phase.
Low (VOC)Volatile Organic Compounds, are
made from natural raw ingredients such as wa-
ter, plant oils and resins, plant dyes and essen-
tial oils; natural minerals such as clay, chalk and
talcum; milk casein, natural latex, bees' wax,
earth and mineral dyes. They give off almost
no smell or in some types have a pleasant fra-
grance of citrus or essential oils.
Management:
At the back end of these technologies would be
a Building management computer system. As
well being to regulate HVAC, levels as well as
electrical consumption and water management
the benefits of this type of system would be the
ability to monitor and keep record of how the
building and it’s surrounds functions. It will be
able to give up to date information on what is
performing and what needs careful attention.
At the very top of the chain of systems manage-
ment will be Project during construction as well
as proper managing of the facility after hand
over, Staff will need to be educated and tasked
with certain responsibilities to enable this to
succeed. As the building will be a showcase for
sustainability it has to be able to practice the
message that it preaches. Traffic and public
transport system incentives need to be put in
place staff as well as the visitor.
Project mangement for Construction stage:
Construction and the by products of the built en-
vironment amount to a very unsustainable way
of producing a product; and, it’s performance as
an end product doesn’t fair much better.
From the impact it has on land, causing soil
erosion, to the pollution when lands are cleared
causing silt and soil to run into natural water-
ways turning them turbid, which restricts sun-
light filtration and destroys aquatic life. m
The energy demands it creates in the manu-
facture of its raw materials i.e. cement, timber
usage and other materials used within; includ-
ing the pollution involving diesel and oil, paint,
solvents, cleaners and other harmful chemicals;
the operation of machinery, burning, and work-
ing with toxic materials and the amount of waste
generated.
The construction industry is one of the largest
waste producers in Ireland. The EU Commis-
sion estimates that some 500m tonnes of this
waste is produced annually in the Union. The
EPA’s National Waste Report (2005) estimates
that 15 million tonnes of waste was generated
in 2005. Much of the increase was attributed
to growth in the construction industry. (http://
www.epa.ie/) while this number would be signifi-
cantly lower due to econoic circumstances good
practice would dictate that this figure should not
reach the same levels again in the future.
Ways of combating this would include
The embodied energy of materials should be
taken into consideration. This includes materials
of a low-embodied energy, locally sourced la-
bour skills and materials should be used where
possible, with minimum wastage. Construction
waste will be minimised by dimensioning materi-
als to reduce on-site cutting and reusing off-cuts
where appropriate.
Client Brief
Project No. S4 - 10/11
Date: November 2nd 2010
Project Leader: Stephen Dignam
Client :
STI (Science & Technology Ireland)
STI is an independent non profit organization
dedicated to the promotion of education and
exploration in the fields of science and
technology in the fields of Ecological Science,
within the Island of Ireland.
Objective:
Using the building as an example, the museum
it’s self shall be a show case, for sustainable
technologies featuring the most cutting edge
sustainable innovation in use in modern build-
ings.
The aim of this project is to establish Irelands
first dedicated Sustainable Science and Tech-
nology museum.
The project aims to fulfill it’s role as a Museum
dedicated to the education of the general
public by example in its design and operation
and by becoming a symbol for local area
redevelopment for sustainability and ecological
awareness.
The approach shall be to engage it’s audience
from ages ranging from young children to adult
Its emphasis will be the focus on Ecologically
friendly and Sustainable technologies by subtly
engaging it’s audience through entertaining and
amazing them with the technology available.
This will be achieved by displaying how these
new technologies relate to more identifiable and
everyday themes .
The museum will also be a gateway for learning
by offering programmes of education through
live exhibitions as well as lectures and work-
shops and by offering a friendly relaxed and
easily understandable approach to how it inter-
acts with it’s audience.
If the museum can address the issues of energy
efficiency and sustainability and deliver a
clear understanding of these issues through
entertainment, it can have a far reaching
potential for energy consciousness and ecologi-
cal awareness.
Description of works:
The proposed scope of works to the existing
site will include, the recycling of the 6 Above
Ground Storage tanks (AST’s) for use as the
shell of the museum and its ancillary buildings.
The main AST will house most of the Museums
exhibits.
The height of the tank of the will be extended to
create a glass dome that will house a restaurant
bar with spectacular views overlooking Dublin
Bay to the north as well as stunning sea views
to the east as there would be no substantial
obstacles.
Tank 5 is being earmarked as a possible plan-
etarium or Imax cinematic theatre.
The other tanks will be split up to house storage
and workshop spaces as well as offices.
The Tanks will be joined by a network of bridges
at differing levels running between and around
the tanks and leading out into the gardens, the
idea being to give unrestricted non-linear flow of
movement through the area
The remaining site will be given over for land
scaping to develop a natural in-let allow-
ing for access to the site from Dublin bay
This would involve extending the site to
the banks of the shoreline promoting boat
ascess from North of the site at the existing
Clontarf baths site. m
A façade of will encircle but not completely
obscure the main tank
Major Landscaping of the remaining site to
facilitate gardens and allow boat access.
Site
Site no. 50 Tolka Quay rd. Dublin Port Co.
Dublin
Existing Building: 6 Above Ground Storage
Tanks (AST) housing differing liquid energy
products ranging from Petroleum to etha-
nol.
Concepts.
The concept will be based on the idea of
the living machine and how technology and
the mechanisms behind it having always
being reliant on natural resources are only
changing the way it operates and the fuel it
uses.
 Requirement Area m2 notes
m
Permanent exhibits 6800 40% Total based on Architects Handbook
Temporary exhibits 1836 18% Total based on Architects Handbook
Storage 1000 12% Total based on Architects Handbook
Workshops 500
Foyer 100
Entrance 20
Reception 40
Box Office 15
Toilets
Male 900 U1x 100/WHB-2-Panx2
Female 1000 Panx3 WHBx3 Baby Change
WWC 225 min 2.5mx2.5m
Cloakrooms 150 10% total users
Lecture Theatre 350 Partitioined for Conference facillities
Office Space 200 28 personnel
Plant/services 150
Retail 120
Storage 15
Restaurant 200 1.7-2.0m2 pp
Kitchen 60 30% of restaurant
Storage 15
Coffee shop 150
Store 10
Delivery in/out 50
Staff Areas 170
Staff dining 70 1.4m2 pp
Stair 740 minimum/1100mm wide
Emergency Stair 1080 min 3 x 1100mm wide
TOTAL 15966
 m

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TANK 2 177 3 530
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TOTAL 2864.5 9700

Exterior Circulation 3155

Open Area 3200
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Museum Project

STAGE 1- Project Inception 10 weeks

1 Accept Appointment from Client

2 Receive Brief from Client ZHHN
3 Survey Period ZHHNV
4 Review All Surveys ZHHN
5 Meet Client to for Consultation on Survey
6 Research Concept ZHHNV
7 Develop Concept Design ZHHNV
8 Deliver Deisgn for Client Consideration ZHHN
9 Client Sign Off

STAGE 2 - Scheme Design ZHHNV

10 Identify Consultants to conduct Survey ZHHN

11 Consultants conduct Survey ZHHNV
12 Assess Consultants Results ZHHN
13 Meet with client To review Syrveys
14 Pepare plan for Planning Permission Application ZHHNV
15 Assemble all Plans for submission to Planning Authourity ZHHN
16 Submit Documentation To Planning Authority ZHHNV
17 Planning Permission Period

Stage 3 - Detail Design ZHHNV

18 Develop Design, M&E , Landscape, Branding ZHHNV

19 Assess Consultants design ZHHN
20 Pass to Client for review ZHHN
21 Meet Client for Consultation
22 Complete FSC documetation ZHHN
23 Assemble documentation from Consultants ZHHN
24 Submit Fire safety cert Application ZHHNV

Stage 4 - Tender Design ZHHNV

25 Prepare Tender design drawings ZHHNV

26 Forward Tender Design Drawings to Quantitiy Surveyor ZHHNV
27 Assess QS recommendations ZHHN
28 Pass Tender Design drawings To Client For review ZHHN
29 Client Sign Off
30 Submit Tenders ZHHNV
31 Review Tenders ZHHN
32 3DVV7HQGHUVWR&OLHQWIRUUHYLHZ ZHHN
33 Meet Client to discuss Tender ZHHN
34 &OLHQW6LJQ2II ZHHN
35 1RPLQDWH&RQWUDFWRUV
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