a.

Emissivity- the relative ability of a

BUILDING TECHNOLOGY surface to emit radiant heat, measured
against a black body at the same
GLASS- a hard, brittle, usually transparent or temperature.
translucent substance, produced by fusing silica b. Shading Coefficient- the ratio of solar
together with a flux and a stabilizer into a mass heat transmission through a particular
that cools to a rigid condition without glass to the solar heat transmission
crystallization. through double-strength clear glass.
9. Annealed Glass- a glass that is cooled
1. Crown Glass- an old form of window glass
slowly to relieve internal stresses.
formed by blowing and whirling a hollow
10. Heat-strengthened Glass- annealed
sphere of glass into a flat, circular disk with
glass that is partially tempered by a process
a center lump left by workers rod.
of reheating the sudden cooling. Heat-
2. Sheet Glass- a flat soda lime silica glass
strengthened glass has about twice the
fabricated by drawing the molten glass from
strength of annealed glass of the same
a furnace (drawn glass), or by forming a
thickness.
cylinder, dividing it lengthwise, and
11. Tempered Glass- Annealed glass that is
flattening it (cylinder glass). The fire-
reheated to just below the softening point
polished surfaces are not perfectly parallel,
and then rapidly cooled to induce
resulting in some distortion of vision.
compressive stresses in the surfaces and
3. Plate Glass- a flat, soda-lime-silica glass
edges of the glass and tensile stresses in
formed by rolling molten glass into a plate
the interior. Tempered glass has three to
(rolled glass) that is subsequently ground
five times the resistance of annealed glass
and polished after cooling.
to impact and thermal stresses but cannot
4. Float Glass- a flat soda-lime-silica glass
be altered after fabrication. When fractured,
that is extremely smooth and nearly
it breaks into relatively harmless particles.
distortion-free, manufactured by pouring
12. Laminated Glass- two or more piles of flat
molten glass onto a surface of molten tin
glass bonded under heat and pressure to
and allowing it to cool slowly. It is the
interlayers of polyvinyl butyral resin that
successor to plate glass and accounts for
retains the fragments if the glass is broken.
the majority of flat-glass production.
Also called safety glass.
5. Insulating Glass- a glass unit consisting
13. Security Glass- laminated glass having
of two or more sheets of glass separated by
exceptional tensile and impact strength,
hermetically- sealed airspaces.
consisting of multiple piles of glass bonded
a. Hermetic- made airtight by fusing
under heat and pressure to interlayers of
or sealing
polyvinyl butyral resin.
6. Tinted Glass- Glass having a chemical
14. Acoustical Glass- Laminated or insulating
admixture to absorb a portion of the radiant
glass used for sound control.
heat and visible light that strike it. Iron
15. Wire Glass- Flat or patterned glass having
oxide gives the glass a pale blue-green tint;
a square or diamond wire mesh embedded
cobalt oxide and nickel imparts a grayish
within it to prevent shattering into the event
tint; selenium infuses a bronze tint. Also
of breakage or excessive heat. Wire glass is
called heat absorbing glass.
considered a safety glazing material.
7. Reflective Glass- glass having a thin,
16. Patterned Glass- Glass having an
translucent metallic coating bonded to the
irregular surface patterned formed in the
exterior or interior surface to reflect a
rolling process to obscure vision or to
portion of the light and radiant heat that
diffuse light. Also called figured glass.
strikes it.
17. Obscure Glass- Glass having one or both
8. Low-emissivity Glass- glass that
sides acid-etched or sandblasted to obscure
transmits visible light while selectively
vision.
reflecting the longer wavelengths of radiant
18. Spandrel Glass- An opaque glass for
heat, produced by depositing a low-
concealing the structural elements in a
emissivity coating either on the glass itself
curtain wall construction produces by fusing
or over a transparent plastic film suspended
a ceramic frit to the interior surface of
in the sealed air space of insulating glass.
tempered or heat-strengthened glass.
Also called low-e glass.
 19. Glass Block- A translucent, hollow block of  Thermoforming- a method of shaping
glass with clear, textured or patterned thermoplastic sheet by heating and forcing
faces, made by fusing two halves together it against the contours of a mold by heat
with a partial vacuum inside and used for and pressure.
glazing openings.  Pressure Forming- a method of
20. Glass Brick- A solid, impact-resistant glass thermoforming a plastic sheet by forcing it
block unit, sometimes having an insert or against the contours of a mold with
coated to reduced solar heat transmission. compressed air.
 Vacuum Forming- a method of
PLASTICS- any of numerous synthetic or natural thermoforming a plastic sheet by evacuating
organic materials that are mostly thermoplastics or the space between the sheet and the
thermosetting polymers of high molecular weight contours of a mold.
and that can be molded, extruded, or dawn into  Resin- any of numerous solid or semisolid
objects, films, or filaments. organic substances prepared by
polymerization and used with fillers,
 Polymerization- a chemical reaction in
stabilizers, and other components to form
which the molecules of a monomer combine
plastics.
to form larger molecules that contain
 Filler- a relatively inert substance added to
repeating structural units of the original
modify the bulk, strength, heat resistance,
molecules.
electrical resistance, or working properties
 Monomer- a molecule of low molecular
of a resin.
weight that can be chemically bound as a
 Stabilizer- a substance added to prevent
unit of polymer.
or retard the degradation of a plastic when
 Polymer- a compound of high molecular
exposed to the ultraviolet radiation or other
weight formed by polymerization and
environmental conditions.
consisting essentially of repeating structural
 Plasticizer- any various substances added
unit.
to a resin to increase its workability and
 High Polymer- a polymer consisting of
flexibility.
molecules that are large multiples of
 Catalyst- a substance that causes or
monomers.
accelerates a chemical reaction without
 Copolymer- a compound of high molecular
itself undergoing a permanent change in
weight formed by polymerizing two or more
composition.
different monomers together.
 Calendering- a method of producing
 Casting- a method of shaping a plastic
plastic film or sheeting by passing the
object by pouring the material into a mold
material between a series of revolving,
and allowing it to harden without the use of
heated rollers.
pressure.
 Sheeting- a thin form of plastic, having a
 Blow Molding- a method of forming
thickness very small in proportion to its
hallow ware by injecting air under pressure
length and width.
into a molten mass, as of a thermoplastic or
 Film- Sheeting having a nominal thickness
glass, and shaping the material within a
not greater than 10 mils.
mold.
TYPES OF PLASTICS
 Injection Molding- a method of forming a
1. Thermoplastic- a plastic capable of
thermoplastic, thermoset, metal, or ceramic
softening or fusing when heated without a
material by rendering it fluid in a heating
change in any inherent properties, and of
chamber and then forcing it under high
hardening again when cooled.
pressure into a closed mold.
2. Acrylic Resin- any of a class of
 Compression Molding- a method of
thermoplastic resins used for casting or
forming thermosetting plastic by closing a
molding plastic parts that are exceptionally
mold on it, forming the material by heat
transparent ,tough, and resistant to
and pressure.
weather and chemicals or as the main
 Transfer Molding- a method of forming
ingredient in coatings, adhesives, caulking
thermosetting plastics by softening it in one
compounds.
chamber before it is forced into an adjacent
3. Lucite- trademark for a brand of
mold where it is cured under heat and
transparent acrylic resin.
pressure.
4. Plexiglas- trademark for a brand of light,
transparent, weather-resistant acrylic resin.
5. Polycarbonate- a tough, transparent
thermoplastic characterized by its high-
impact strength and used for lighting
fixtures, safety glazing, and hardware.
6. Lexan- trademark for a brand of
polycarbonate used for shatterproof
windows.
7. Polyethylene (PE)- a tough, light, and
flexible thermoplastic used esp. in form of
sheeting and film for packaging,
dampproofing, and as a vapor retarder. Also
called polythene.
8. Polypropylene (PPR)- a tough,
thermoplastic that is resistant to heat and
chemicals and used for pipe fittings,
electrical insulation, and carpeting fibers.
9. Polystyrene (PS)- a hard, tough, stable
thermoplastic that is easily colored and
molded, expanded, or rolled into sheeting.
10. Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS)-
a thermoplastic used for making plastic
pipes and hardware products that are
tough, rigid, and resistant to heat and
chemicals.
11. Vinyl- any of various tough, flexible plastics
made from polyvinyl resin.
12. Polyvinyl Resin- any of a class of
thermoplastic resins formed by polymerizing
or copolymerizing a vinyl compound. Also
called vinyl resin.
13. Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)- a white,
water-insoluble thermoplastic widely used
un the manufacture of floor coverings,
insulation, and piping.
14. Polyvinyl Butyral- a thermoplastic resin
used chiefly as the interlayer of safety glass.
15. Nylon- any of a class of thermoplastics
characterized by extreme toughness,
strength, and elasticity and capable of being
extruded into the filaments, fibers, and
sheets.
16. Thermosetting plastic- a plastic that
becomes permanently rigid when heated
and cannot be softened again. Also called
thermoset.
17. Polyurethane- any of various
thermoplastic or thermosetting resins used
in flexible and rigid foams, elastomers, and
resins for sealants, adhesives, and coatings.
18. Polyester- any of a group of thermosetting
resins used in the manufacturer of plastics
and textile fibers.
19. Fiberglass-reinforced Plastic- a  Low-pressure Laminate-
polyester reinforced with fiber glass and
used in translucent roofs and skylights,
facings for sandwich panels, and molded
plumbing fixtures.
20. Dacron- trademark for a brand of strong,
wrinkle-resistant polyester fiber.
21. Mylar- trademark for a brand or strong,
thin polyester film used in photography,
recording tapes, and electrical insulation.
22. Epoxy Resin- any of various thermosetting
resins capable of forming tight cross-linked
polymer structures characterized by
toughness, strong adhesion, and high
corrosion and chemical resistance, used
esp. in surface coatings and adhesives.
23. Melamine Resin- any of a class of
thermosetting resins formed by the
interaction of melamine and formaldehyde
and used for molded products, adhesives,
and surface coatings.
24. Phenolic Resin- any of a class of hard,
heat-resistant thermosetting resins formed
by the condensation of phenol with
formaldehyde and used for molded
products, adhesives, and surfaces coatings.
Also called Phenoplast.
25. Bakelite- trademark for a brand of dark
phenolic resin, invented by Dr. Leo
Baekeland in 1916, and used for telephone
receivers, radio cabinets, electric insulators,
and molded plastic hardware.
26. Urea-formaldehyde Resin- any of
various thermosetting synthetic resin made
by condensing urea with formaldehyde and
used in appliance housings, electrical
devices, adhesives, and surface coatings.
TERMINOLOGIES
 Postforming- a method of shaping a fully
or partially cured thermosetting laminate
over a mold by heat and pressure.
 Laminate- a product made by uniting two
or more layers of material by an adhesive or
other means, as plywood and plastic
laminate.
 Plastic Laminate- a hard surfacing
material consisting of superposed layers of
paper impregnated with melamine and
phenolic resins, fused together under heat
and pressure.
 High-Pressure Laminate- a plastic
laminate molded and cured in the range of
pressures from 1,200 to 2,000 psi (84 to
14o kg. per sq. cm), used for surfacing
countertops and cabinetry.
a
plastic
laminate molded and cured with a
maximum pressure of 400 psi (28 kg per sq.
 m), used in vertical and low-wear adhesives, lubricants, protective
applications. coatings and synthetic rubber.
 Formica- trademark for a brand of plastic
laminate.
PAINTS- a mixture of solid pigment suspended in a
liquid vehicle, applied as a thin, usually opaque
 Rubber- a material made by chemically
coating to a surface for protection and decoration.
treating and toughening natural rubber,
valued for its elasticity, nonconduction of
electricity, and resistance to shock and
moisture.
TYPES OF RUBBER
1. Natural Rubber- a highly elastic solid
substance, essentially a polymer of
isoprene, obtained by coagulating the milky
juice of rubber trees and plants. Also called
india rubber.
2. Foam Rubber- a light, spongy, cellular
rubber made by foaming latex before
vulcanization.
a. Vulcanization- the treatment of
rubber with sulfur and heat to
impart greater elasticity, strength,
and durability.
3. Synthetic Rubber- an elastomer similar
to natural rubber in properties and uses,
produced by the polymerization of an
unsaturated hydrocarbon, as butylene or
isoprene, or by the copolymerization of
hydrocarbons with styrene or butadiene.
a. Elastomer- any various polymers
having the elastic properties of
natural rubber, as butyl rubber or
neoprene.
4. Butyl Rubber- a synthetic rubber having
exceptional resistance to sunlight and
unusually low gaseous permeability,
produced by polymerizing butylene and
used in roofing membranes and
waterproofing barriers.
a. Butyl- trademark for a brand of
butyl rubber.
5. Neoprene- a synthetic rubber
characterized by superior resistance to oils
and sunlight, and used in paints, roofing
membranes, flashing, gaskets, and
bearings.
6. Silicone Rubber- a rubber made from
silicone elastomers and noted for its
retention of flexibility, resilience, and tensile
strength over a wide temperature range.
a. Silicone- any of a group of
polymers containing alternating
silicon and oxygen atoms,
characterized by thermal stability,
chemical inertness, and extreme
water repellence, and used in