OVERVIEW of O&G INDUSTRY in India

• The First oil deposits in India were discovered in 1889 near the town of
Digboi in the state of Assam. The natural gas industry in India began in
the 1889 wit the discovery of gas fields in Assam and Gujarat.
• India is the 3rd largest crude oil consumer in the world and imports 80%
of its crude oil requirement. There are 3 national oil companies i.e. Indian
oil corporation (IOCL), Hindustan Petroleum Corporation limited
(HPCL) and Bharat Petroleum Corporation Limited (BPCL).
• The oil and gas industry can be broken down into three main areas:
upstream, which handles the exploration and production of oil and gas,
downstream, which deals with the refining, distribution and supply of
products and Chemicals, which covers the production and supply of
petrochemical products.
• In 2017, India had estimated crude oil reserves of 604.10 MT, declining
by 2.76% from previous year.
• The estimated reserves of natural gas in India as on 31 st march 2017 was
1227.40 BCM, increasing by 5.08% from the previous year.

SUSTAINABILITY ISSUES FACED BY INDUSTRY

• Climate Change
• Issues related to fossil fuel use: -
1. Coal
2. Petroleum
3. Natural Gas
• Air Pollution Hazard.
• Water Pollution Hazard.
• Disruption of Wildlife.
• Landscapes changes from Well Pads and Roads.
Sustainability practices followed by the industry:-
1. Norms introduced by the government.
2. Up gradation of technology.
 New 3D ultrasound technology.
 IIOT analytics and artificial intelligence.
3. Decreasing fresh water usage by SaudiAramco.
4. Bharat petroleum invested $50cr for clean energy.
5. Waste ventures, Hyderabad have developed software for waste management.

1. Government regulations.

• The Oilfields(Regulation and Development)Act 1948

This act constitutes the basic status of for licensing and leasing of petroleum
and gas blocks by Govt. of India Empowering the same with broad of
authority to make rules providing for the basic regulation of oilfields.
• The Petroleum and Natural Gas Rules 1958
These rules provide a framework for grant of exploration licenses and
mining leases and regulate the sale and distribution of petroleum and
petroleum products.

2. Upgradation of technology.
 New 3D ultrasound technology.
 IIOT analytics and artificial intelligence

New ultrasound technology allows companies to create 3D images of the

inside of oil wells, enabling them to make more informed and cost-
effective production decisions. Similarly, IIOT, analytics, automation,
reserve replacement and enhancement capabilities, and emerging artificial
intelligence programmes can all help find and eliminate operational
inefficiencies.

By improving the efficiency of ongoing operational processes by even a

small fraction, O&G companies can produce the same amount but with
reduced costs and energy expenditure, leading to a lower overall carbon
footprint.

3. Decreasing usage of freshwater.

(By SaudiAramco )
Water is an essential element in various oil production processes, from
frocking to separating oil from other elements present in oil sands.
 Hundreds of millions of barrels of water are utilised every single day, and
while the global O&G industry currently manages to recycle the vast
majority of this water (between 80-95%), companies are rethinking the
extraction process to reduce freshwater from the very outset.

4. Bharat petroleum invested $50cr for clean energy.

5. Waste ventures, Hyderabad.

A Hyderabad based company has developed software that allows

companies to track waste generation, and design green strategies
accordingly. “Through this process, for example, a company realized it
was generating a lot of tetra-pack waste. After examining the information,
instead of going with 100-200ml juice packs, the firm decided to use 2
litre boxes for its events and meetings. In that way, they reduced tetra
pack waste from their premises by 30%,".