KAINAT IFTIKHAR

MSc.ECONOMICS
DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS
SUBMITTED TO DR.NASIR IQBAL
DATED:1st OCTOBER,2019

ASSIGNMENT#1
ACHEIVEMENTS REAGRDING SDG GOAL#3 FOR
FOLLOWING COUNTRIES
 PAKISTAN
 COSTA RICA
 INDIA
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS:
The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), also known as the Global Goals, were adopted
by all United Nations Member States in 2015 as a universal call to action to end poverty, protect
the planet and ensure that all people enjoy peace and prosperity by 2030.

GOAL#3
Good Health and Well-being
TARGET#1Maternal mortality ratio
Definition: The maternal mortality ratio refers to the number of women who die from pregnancy-related
causes while pregnant or within 42 days of pregnancy termination per 100,000 live births. Goal: By
2030 Reduce global maternal mortality to less than 70 per 100,000 live births per year. In addition, all
countries should reduce the maternal mortality ratio to less than 140 per 100,000 live births.
TARGET: 2Under-5 mortality rate
Definition: The under-5 mortality rate measures the number of children per 1,000 live births who die
before their 5th birthday. Goal: By 2030 Reduce child mortality to less than 25 deaths per 1,000 live
births per year across all countries.

TARGET: 3Number of new HIV infections per 1,000 uninfected population, by sex, age and key
populations
Definition.This is shown as the number of new cases of HIV per year amongst uninfected adults per 1,000
people aged 15-49.Goal: The target 2030 is to end the epidemic of HIV across all countries. The targeted
level of reduction, however, is not defined.
TARGET: 4Mortality rate attributed to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes or chronic
respiratory disease

Definition: This is defined as the percent of 30-year-old-people who would die before their 70th
birthday from any of cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease, assuming
that they would experience current mortality rates at every age and would not die from any other cause of
death (e.g. injuries or HIV/AIDS).Goal: By 2030 reduce premature mortality from non-communicable
diseases (NCDs) by one-third in all countries.

TARGET: 5Alcohol consumption per capita

Definition the Harmful use of alcohol, defined according to the national context as alcohol per capita
consumption (aged 15 years and older) within a calendar year in liters of pure alcohol..

Goal: By 2030 strengthen the prevention and treatment of substance abuse across all countries. However,
there is no defined target level for this indicator.
TARGET#6Halve the number of road traffic deaths

Definition: Mortality from road traffic injuries is measured here in absolute (total number of deaths) and
rates (deaths per 100,000 population). Road traffic deaths include vehicle drivers, passengers,
motorcyclists, cyclists and pedestrians. Goal: By 2020 halve the number of global deaths and injuries from
road accidents

TARGET#7: Proportion of women of reproductive age (aged 15–49 years) who have their
need for family planning satisfied with modern methods

Definition the percentage of married women ages 15-49 years whose need for family planning is satisfied
with modern methods of contraception. Goal: By 2030 ensure universal access to sexual and reproductive
healthcare services, including for family planning.
TARGET#8 Coverage of essential health services
Definition: Coverage of essential health services is defined as the average coverage of essential services
based on tracer interventions that include reproductive, maternal, and newborn and child health,
infectious diseases, non-communicable diseases and service capacity and access, among the general and
the most disadvantaged population. One available metric to track progress on this is the Healthcare
Access and Quality (HAQ) Index, based on death rates from 32 causes of death that could be avoided by
timely and effective medical care.

Goal: By 2030 achieve universal health coverage including financial risk protection, access to quality
essential health-care services and access to safe, effective, quality and affordable essential medicines and
vaccines for all.

TARGET#9 Mortality rate from unsafe water, sanitation, hygiene (WASH)

Definition: The mortality rate attributed to unsafe water, sanitation, and lack of hygiene. Mortality rate
from water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) factors is measured as the number of attributed deaths per
100,000 people. Goal: By 2030 substantially reduce the number of deaths and illnesses from water
pollution and contamination. There is, however, not a defined quantified target level for this indicator.
TARGET#3a Prevalence of tobacco use
Definition: The age-standardized prevalence of current tobacco use among persons aged 15 years and
older. This measures the share of adults (aged 15+) who smoke tobacco daily. Goal: By 2030 strengthen
the implementation of the World Health Organization Framework Convention on Tobacco Control in all
countries. There is no specified target level of tobacco use for this indicator.

TARGET: 3bDevelopment assistance to medical research & basic healthcare

Definition: The total net official development assistance (ODA) to medical research and basic health
sectors. Goal: By 2030 Support the research and development of vaccines and medicines for the
communicable and non-communicable diseases that primarily affect developing countries, providing
access to affordable essential medicines and vaccines for all.
TARGET: 3c
Health worker density
Definition: Health worker density is the size of the health workforce per 1,000 people. It is measured here
based on the density of physicians, surgeons, nurses and midwives, dentistry and pharmaceutical
personnel. Goal: By 2030 substantially increase health financing and the recruitment, development,
training and retention of the health workforce in developing countries.

TARGET: 3dHealth emergency preparedness

Definition: The International Health Regulations (IHR) capacity and health emergency preparedness. The
IHR Core capacity index is measured as the percentage of attributes of 13 core capacities that have been
attained at a specific point in time. The 13 core capacities are: (1) National legislation, policy and
financing; (2) Coordination and National Focal Point communications; (3) Surveillance; (4) Response; (5)
Preparedness; (6) Risk communication; (7) Human resources; (8) Laboratory; (9) Points of entry; (10)
Zoonotic events; (11) Food safety; (12) Chemical events; (13) Radio nuclear emergencies. Goal: By
2030 Strengthen the capacity of all countries, in particular developing countries, for early warning, risk
reduction and management of national and global health risks.
 ACHEIVEMENTS:
INDICATORS Mortality Incidence Suicide Alcohol Mortality Proportion Community
Neonatal of mortality consumption due to spending health
per malaria rate per per 100000 road worker per
10 of HH
100000 100000 people accident 1000 people
births people per on health
100000
people
COUNTRIES
COSTA RICA 6 6.0 7.9 4.8 17 10 -
INDIA 23 7.7 16.3 5.7 23 17 -
PAKISTAN 42 4.7 2.9 0.3 14 17 0.1

CONCLUSION:
Pakistan has shown little progress toward in good health in some targets however still lacking in some as
above table shows mortality rate is high in Pakistan if we compared with India and Costa Rica.
Incidence of Malaria has reduced in Pakistan as compared to other countries. Also the alcohol
consumption is very low in Pakistan. Mortality rate due to accidents is 14/100000 people.
The progress for SDG goal#3 targets are also analyzed by above drawn graphs with their respective
indicators.