Modul Writing New

TITIK NOL ENGLISH COURSE
Jl. Brawijaya 75 Kampung Inggris

IG ; @titiknolenglish WA ; 0822 4910 1755
www.kampung-inggris-pare.id / www.titiknol-english.com
BUILDING SENTENCE
SUBJECT-VERB AGREEMENT
1. Di dalam sebuah kalimat, setidaknya harus ada 1 Subject dan 1 Verb.

2. Kalimat yang tidak mengandung Subject = Bukan Kalimat
3. Kalimat yang tidak mengandung Verb = Bukan Kalimat
4. Tidak boleh double Subject ataupun double Verb di dalam kalimat.
5. Boleh double Subject & double Verb asalkan ada 1 Conjunction.
Rumus : 1 Conjunction = 2S + 2V
2 Conjunction = 3S + 3V dst.
3 Conjunction = 4S + 4V
6. Yang bisa jadi Subject / Object :
1. Noun 4. Noun Clause
2. Pronoun 5. Gerund (Ving)
3. Noun Phrase 6. To Infinitive
 Noun
IELTS is needed to study abroad
 Pronoun
He is learning English in Titik Nol English Course
 Noun phrase
The students want to get the scholarship
 Noun Clause
What he learned from his friend is the word “NEVER GIVE UP”
 Gerund (Ving)
Studying abroad is everyone’s dream
 To Infinitive
To study TOEFL or IELTS needs big effort
7. Yang bisa jadi Verb :

 Auxiliary : (is, am, are, was, were, have, has, had)
 Ordinary : (attain, compete, study, publish, learn, dll)
 Modal : (can, will, must, may, might, should, could, would, shall, ought to,dll)
8. Gerund (Ving)  Speaking  Bukan Verb

To Infinitive  To Speak  Bukan Verb
V3 (Past Participle)  Spoken  Bukan Verb
Kecuali jika didahului dengan Auxiliary (is, am, are, was, were, have, has, had).
 Aux + Ving = (Am Speaking) = Sedang Berbicara
 Aux + To Infinitife = (Have To Speak) = Harus Berbicara
 Aux + V3 = (Was Spoken) = Dibicarakan (Dulu)
Auxiliary + V1 = HARAM , Aux + V2 = HARAM

I Am Speak X I Was Wrote X
Modal Aktif = Me / Be Modal Pasif = Di / Ter

Rumus  Modal + Verb Bare Infinitive Rumus  Modal + Be + V3
Can Cook, Will Call, Must Learn Can Be Cooked, Will Be Called, Must Be Learned
9. Preposition, Prepositional Phrase, dan Adverb tidak pernah bisa menjadi Subject.
(in, on, at, of, from, by, with, for, between, because of, during, despite, inspite of, dll.)
(behind the scene, under water, of all the factors, during the summer, across the sea, dll)
(last year, last month, yesterday, in 1945, on Sunday, generally, usually, nevertheless, dll)
Prepositions Prepositional Phrases

Of of the three women, of December
In in the entire universe, in a long time
For for the little girl, for a new car
To to the cab company, to them
From from the president, from Mars
With with the Doberman, with the beady easy
On on the third floor, on television
10. - Subject Singular  Verb pakai “s” (is, was, has, verb pakai “s”)
- Subject Plural  Verb tanpa “s” (are, were, have, verb tanpa “s”)
11. Cara Membedakan V2 dan V3 yang sama-sama berakhiran “ed” di dalam kalimat :
V2  Object sedangkan V3  Preposition / Adverb
Contoh :
1. The newspaper published in 2006 contained sad news
V3 Adverb V2 Noun Phrase
2. The method invented by the professor saved many people.

V3 Prep V2 Noun Phrase
12. There is / There was + Singular Noun
There are / There were + Plural Noun

 There is an old building in Germany.
 There was an accident on the street.
 There are many old buildings in Germany.
 There were some accidents on the street.
13. The Number Of + Plural Noun Verb pakai “s” (JUMLAH)

A Number Of + Plural Noun  Verb tanpa “s” (SEJUMLAH / BEBERAPA)
The number of the visitors in Indonesia increases dramatically.
A number of the animals in the forest are protected by law.
14. Everyone Someone Anyone No one Each

Everybody Somebody Anybody Nobody One
Everything Something Anything Nothing Every
SINGULAR  VERB PAKAI “S”

- Everyone is unique and different
- Someone is knocking at the door
15. Uang (Money), Jarak (Distance), Waktu (Time)

 Uncountable Noun  Verb pakai “s”
(Twenty five dollars, Twenty kilometers, Six weeks)  Verb pakai “s”
1. Twenty-five dollars has a high price to pay these goods.
2. 20 kilometers is required to exercise before marathon.
3. Six weeks was given to long holiday in the last semester.
16. One
Each + Noun Singular + Verb pakai “s”
Every Yesterday, each student was punished by the teacher.
17. One of
Each of + the + Noun Plural + Verb pakai “s”
Every of Yesterday, each of the students was punished by the teacher.
18.
All Few Several Fewer A Dozens of Two, Three, Four
Some A Few Various The Fewest Hundreds of These
Many A Lot Of Number A Couple Of Thousands of Those
DIPASANGKAN DENGAN COUNTABLE NOUN (PLURAL)  VERB TANPA “S”

Several books are learned by students.
Some children have different tendency.
19.
Much, Little, A Little, Less, The Least, Amount
DIPASANGKAN DENGAN UNCOUNTABLE NOUN  VERB PAKAI “S”

Amount of the water in some regions is contaminated.
Much time is needed to study TOEFL and IELTS.
Little damage is a small family owned business
20. UNCOUNTABLE NOUN
Rice Water Air Hair Evidence Sunlight Meat

Milk Advice Chaos Motivation Wheat Sand Jewelry
Furniture Snow Rain Weather Sleep Stress News
Anger Courage Oxygen Zync Enthusiasm Happiness Wisdom
Money Butter Coffee Aid Damage Equipment Humour
Fun Food Freedom Fire Fuel Flour Patience
Peace Pride Progress Oxygen Hydrogen Pasta Cotton
Content Knowledge Luggage Satisfaction Space Jam Soup
VERB PAKAI “S”

Water contains some minerals.
The wheather is so hot today.
21. Nama-nama bidang studi / ilmu / mata pelajaran / mata kuliah :

 Physics
 Economics
 Semantics
 Politics
 Athletics
 Mathematics
 Statistics
 Linguistics
 Politics
SINGULAR  VERB PAKAI “S” - Ethics is the study of moral dutics, principles, and values.
22. All Of Some Of Any Of A Part Of Majority of

Most Of Half Of None Of A Percentage Of Much Of
Apabila terdapat expressions of quantity diatas dan diikuti oleh preposition “of”, maka Noun nya bebas,
bisa SINGULAR atau PLURAL, tapi verbnya harus mengikuti kata benda yang jatuh setelah “of”.
 All (of the flower) grows beautifully.

 All (of the flowers) grow beautifully.
 Some (of the cake) has been eaten.
 Some (of the cakes) have been eaten.
23. SINGULAR  VERB PAKAI “S” PLURAL  VERB TANPA “S”

Person People
Child Children
Man Men
Woman Women
Tooth Teeth
Foot Feet
Mouse Mice
Datum Data
Bacterium Bacteria
Fungus Fungi
Phenomenon Phenomena
Curriculum Curricula
Criterion Criteria
Nucleus Nuclei
Medium Media
Stratum Strata
Podium Podia
Addendum Addenda
Goose Geese
Ox Oxen
Cactus Cacti
Calf Calves
Nucleus Nuclei
Cactus Cacti
Alumnus Alumni
Octopus Octopi
Hippotamus Hippotami
Thesis Theses
Axis Axes
Diagnosis Diagnoses
Louse Lice
Knife Knives
Loaf Loaves
Analysis Analyses
Focus Foci
Syllabus Syllabi
Thesis Theses
Oasis Oases
Elf Elves
Live Lives
Wife Wives
Crisis Crises
24. Another + Singular Noun + Verb pakai “s” (Anoter Opportunity, Another Day)
Other + Plural Noun + Verb tanpa “s” (Other Opportunities, Other Days)
25. Kata Penghubung ‘and’

Ketika dua subjek dihubungkan dengan “and”, maka gunakan verb plural tanpa “s”.
 Mr. Imam and Mr .Wahyu go / goes to the river. (CORRECT)
 Raisa and Isyana are singing / is singing together. (CORRECT)
26. Both______And , Either_____Or , Neither____Nor , Not Only___But Also
 Both Maudy Ayunda and Tasya Kamila get the scholarship. (PLURAL)
 Either Maudy Ayunda or Tasya Kamila gets the scolarship. (SINGULAR)
 Either Maudy Ayunda or her friends get the scolarship. (PLURAL)
 Neither Maudy Ayunda nor Tasya Kamila gets the scolarship. (SINGULAR)
 Nither Maudy Ayunda nor her friends get the scolarship. (PLURAL)
 Not Only Maudy Ayunda but also Tasya Kamila get the scholarship. (PLURAL)
 Not Only Maudy Ayunda but also her friends get the scholarship. (PLURAL)
27. Between____And (PASANGAN)

 The students in Titik Nol have to choose between TOEFL and IELTS.
 The Ministry plans to construct between 50 and 60 cyclone shelters.
From_______To (PASANGAN)
 They study English, especially TOEFL and IELTS in Pare from 2017 to 2018.
 From May 1997 to May 2000, the city’s population swelled by 400,000 people.
28. Because = CONJUNCTION  (S+V)

Because of = PREPOSITION  (N / PRONOUN / NOUN PHRASE / GERUND)
Although = CONJUNCTION  (S+V)

Even though = CONJUNCTION  (S+V)
Despite = PREPOSITION  (N / PRONOUN / NOUN PHRASE / GERUND)

In Spite Of = PREPOSITION  (N / PRONOUN / NOUN PHRASE / GERUND)
When = CONJUNCTION  (S+V)

While = CONJUNCTION  (S+V)
During = PREPOSITION  (N / PRONOUN / NOUN PHRASE / GERUND)

For = PREPOSITION  (N / PRONOUN / NOUN PHRASE / GERUND)
29. Interrupting Phrase
Interrupting Phrase adalah phrase yang menggangu dalam penentuan subject.

Beberapa Interrupting Phrase dalam Bahasa Inggris antara lain adalah sbb :
together with accompanied by by the way as you know
along with in addition to including as long as
especially as well as in my opinion besides
 Salah: Nina, together with her friends, are cleaning the room.
 Benar: Nina, together with her friends, is cleaning the room.
Penjelasan: Subject dalam kalimat tersebut adalah Nina, maka kata kerja yang digunakan
adalah is, sedangkan together with her friends adalah interrupting phrase.
 Salah: The dogs, as well as the cat, is a mammal.

 Benar: The dogs, as well as the cat, are mammals.
Penjelasan: Subject dalam kalimat tersebut adalah the dogs, maka kata kerja yang digunakan
adalah are, sedangkan as well as the cat adalah interrupting phrase.
30. PERHATIKAN KELAS KATA
NOUN VERB ADJECTIVE ADVERB
Invention Invent Inventive Inventively

Beauty Beautify Beautiful Beautifully
Education Educate Educative Educatively
Darkness Darken Dark Darkly
Resistance Resist Resistant Resistantly
Purity Purify Pure Purely
Restriction Restrict Restrictive Restrictively
Sharpness Sharpen Sharp Sharply
Competition Compete Competitive Competitively
 Memulai Kalimat (Starting your Opinion)
In my opinion, According to me,
In my view I believe
From my point of view, To my way of thinking
It seems to me that I suppose
From my perspective I understand
It appears that I feel
I realize I Imagine
 Memberikan Contoh (Giving Examples)
For example, For instance
such as In other words,
As like
that is namely
To illustrate To paraphrase
 Membandingkan (Comparing)
Similiar to As … as
In common Also
Either … or In the same way
Neither … nor At the same time
Just as Resemble
 Bertentangan (Contrasting)
However, But
On the contary, On the other hand,
Differ from Nevertheless
Although Though
Otherwise Instead
Alternatively Even though

 Menjeneralisir (Generalizing)
Generally, Generally speaking,
Overall, On the whole,
In general, By and large,
It seems to me that I believe
All in all Basically,
Essentially, As a rule
All thins considered For the most part
 Mengekspresikan Kepastian (Expressing Certainty)
Certainly, Undoubtedly,
Doubtless, No doubt,
Definitely, Of course,
 Mengekspresikan Keraguan (Expressing Partial Agreement)
More or less, To some extent,
Up to a point, Almost,
In a way, So to speak,
 Penyebab (Showing Cause)
Due to Because
Because of Owing to
 Dampak (Showing Effect)
Therefore, As a result,
Consequently, For this reason,
Thus, So,
Thereby Eventually
Hence The reason why

 Pendandaan Waktu (Marking Time)
First, Simultaneously Before
Second, Since After
Third, Afterwards While
Firstly, When At the same time
Secondly, Last After this/that
Thirdly, Lastly Meanwhile
During Then, Following this
To begin with First of all, As soon as
 Menambahkan Informasi (Adding Information)
Furthermore In addition
Also And
Moreover Similiary
Likewise As well as
Besides Too
 Mengekspresikan Kondisi (Expessing Condition)
If Whether
In Case Unless
Provided that So that
 Menyimpulkan (Concluding)
To summarize In conclucusion
Lastly, Finally,
To conclude with, I short,
Adjectives vs Adverbs
Adjectives adalah kata kata yang mendeskripsikan noun atau pronoun. Adjective biasanya jatuh
sebelum kata yang di deskripsikan (That is a cute puppy) ataupun kadang jatuh setelah ata yang
didiskripsikan (That puppy is cute).
Adverbs adalah kebalikan dari Adjective, yang memodifikasi seuanya kecuali noun dan pronoun.
Biasanya adverb memodifikasi adjectives, verbs, and other adverbs. Adverb ini biasanya merupakan
sebuah jawaban dari pertanyaan how, when, or where. Dalam kisah perjalananya, adverb dari when
dan where adalah yang paling mudah di pelajari sedang adverb how merupakan adverb yang perlu
pengkajian lebih lanjut.
Contoh ; He speaks slowly.

Answers the question how.
He speaks very slowly.
Answers the question how slowly.
 Rule 1. Secara umum, jila kata/phrase bisa menjawab soal dari how, maka pastikan itu
adalah adverb. Fungsi dasar Adverb adalah untuk menjelaskan Verb, sedangkan fungsi
dasar Adjective adalah untuk menjelaskan Noun.
Contoh ; She thinks slowly / slow

Menjelaskan bagaimana cara perempuan itu berfikir.
She has slowly / slow response.

Menjelaskan kemampuan respon dari perempuan tersebut.
She always studies diligently / diligent.

Menjelaskan bagaimana cara perempuan itu belajar.
She is diligently / diligent student.

Menjelaskan sifat dari perempuan tersebut sebagai siswa.
 Rule 2. Good adalah adjective, sedangkan well adalah adverb.
Contoh ; You did a good job.

Good describes the job.
You did the job well.
Well answers how.
You smell good today.
 Rule 3. Ketila merujuk ke kesehatan, gunakan well.
Contoh ; I do not feel well.

You do not look well today.
Note
good noleh digunakan untuk melengkapi feel ketika tidak menerangkan kesehatan.
Contoh ; I feel good about my decision to learn Spanish.
 Rule 4. Kesalahan yang sering di lakukan dalam membedakan adjective dan adverb adalah
ketika menggunakan bentuk yang salah dalam perbandingan. Contoh sederhana ‘She is
poor’. Untuk membandingkan dua benda ‘poorer, dan yang ketika leih dr 2 orang’ poorest’.
Contoh ; One Two Three or More

sweet sweeter Sweetest
bad worse Worst
efficient more efficient most efficient
Note
Biasanya kata yang mempunyaui syllable tiga atau menggunakan more or most didepan kata.
 Rule 6. Ketika this, that, these, dan those di ikuti oleh noun, maka berubah menjadi
adjective. Ketika tidak ada yang mengikuti, maka menjadi pronoun
Contoh ; This house is for sale.

This adalah adjective.
This is for sale.

This adalah pronoun.
 Rule 7. Dalam penggunaannya sebagai adjective atau pronoun, this dan that tetap singular
(tunggal)
Contoh ; This dog is mine.
That dog is hers.
This is mine.
That is hers.
 Rule 8. Dalam penggunaannya sebagai adjective atau pronoun, these dan those tetap
splural (jamak)
Contoh ; These babies have been smiling for a long time.

These are mine.
Those babies have been crying for hours.
Those are yours.
Effective Writing
 Rule 1. Gunakan kalaimat yang kongkrit daripada kalimat yang samar.
Contoh ;
Samar : The weather was of an extreme nature on the East Java
jelas : Surabaya had very hot weather last week.
 Rule 2. Usahakan selalu menggunakan kalimat aktif daripada kalimat passive.
Contoh ;
Active : The professor will publish the journal.
Passive : The journal will be published by the professor.
 Rule 3. Hindari terlalu banyak penggunaan there is, there are, it is, it was, dll
Contoh ; There is a case of dengue fever that was reported in the newspaper.
Correction : A case of dengue fever was reported in the newspaper.
Even Better : The newspaper reported a case of meningitis. (Active Voice)
 Rule 4. Untuk menghindari kebingungan, jangan menggunakan dua unsur negative
untuk membentuk sebuah kalimat yang positif
Contoh ;
Incorrect : He is not unwilling to help.
Correct : He is willing to help.
 Rule 5. Gunakan parrarel structure untuk memberikan ide ide yang sama.
Contoh ;
Correct : You should check your spelling, grammar, and punctuation.
Incorrect : You should check your spelling, grammar, and punctuating.

WRITING IELTS TIPS
• Analyse the topic first.

• It is necessary to spend five minutes to make the plan.
• In the introduction: paraphrase the task (use your own language) and state the aim of your essay
in a thesis statement.
• Write an essay, you have to divide your essay into some paragraphs (min. four: introduction, two
main body paragraphs, conclusion)
• Begin each paragraph with a topic sentence.
• Provide a reason and give an example for each of your arguments.
• Summarise the points made in essay in the conclusion.
• Provide some solutions (e.g.recommendations, suggestions, or wider implications) in the
conclusion.
• Use impersonal language (e.g. It is essential we)
• Use formal vocabulary (e.g. keep = maintain, make sure = ensure) or high level words.
• Avoid repetition by using synonyms (e.g. important = vital = essential = crucial)
• Use formal linking words (e.g. despite, nevertheless, furthermore)
• Do not use contractions (doesn’t, don’t wouldn’t, it’s, can’t, etc)
• Do not use informal expressions such as (loads of / tons of” should be replaced with “many” or
“much”; “fed up with” should be replaced with “lost his patience”, etc.)
• Use compund sentence, complex sentences or compound complex sentence.
• To clarify, the words “children”, “many” and “much” are formal equivalents of informal “kids”,
“a lot of” and “heaps of”.
• Do not use slang (“wanna” instead of “want to” or “gonna” instead of “going to”)
• Do not use idiom ( a hot potato, at the drop of a hat,actions speak louder than words, etc)
• Do not use phrasal verb (call off, come up, cheer up, cut off, drop off, etc)
• Recheck again your work to avoid simple mistakes especially grammar and miss spelling.
• Make sure you have written at least 250 words.
5 TENSES
1. SIMPLE PRESENT  Me/Be (Aktif)  S + V1

Di/Ter (Pasif)  S + (is/am/are) + V3
2. SIMPLE PAST  Me/Be “Dulu” (Aktif)  S + V2

Di/Ter “Dulu” (Pasif)  S + (was/were) + V3
3. SIMPLE FUTURE  Akan Me/Be (Aktif)  S + will + Verb Bare Infinitive

Akan Di/Ter (Pasif)  S + will + be + V3
4. PRESENT
CONTINUOUS  Sedang Me/Be (Aktif)  S + (is/am/are) + Ving
Sedang Di/Ter (Pasif)  S + (is/am/are) + being + V3
5. PRESENT
PERFECT  Sudah/Telah Me/Be
(Aktif)  S + have/has + V3
Sudah/Telah Di/Ter
(Pasif)  S + have/has + been + V3
1. 6.
2. 7.
3. 8.
4. 9.
5. 10.

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TITIK NOL ENGLISH COURSE

Jl. Brawijaya 75 Kampung Inggris

1. Di dalam sebuah kalimat, setidaknya harus ada 1 Subject dan 1 Verb.

1. Noun 4. Noun Clause

2. Pronoun 5. Gerund (Ving)

3. Noun Phrase 6. To Infinitive

7. Yang bisa jadi Verb :

8. Gerund (Ving)  Speaking  Bukan Verb

Auxiliary + V1 = HARAM , Aux + V2 = HARAM

Modal Aktif = Me / Be Modal Pasif = Di / Ter

Prepositions Prepositional Phrases

2. The method invented by the professor saved many people.

There are / There were + Plural Noun

13. The Number Of + Plural Noun Verb pakai “s” (JUMLAH)

14. Everyone Someone Anyone No one Each

SINGULAR  VERB PAKAI “S”

15. Uang (Money), Jarak (Distance), Waktu (Time)

DIPASANGKAN DENGAN COUNTABLE NOUN (PLURAL)  VERB TANPA “S”

DIPASANGKAN DENGAN UNCOUNTABLE NOUN  VERB PAKAI “S”

20. UNCOUNTABLE NOUN

Rice Water Air Hair Evidence Sunlight Meat

VERB PAKAI “S”

21. Nama-nama bidang studi / ilmu / mata pelajaran / mata kuliah :

22. All Of Some Of Any Of A Part Of Majority of

 All (of the flower) grows beautifully.

23. SINGULAR  VERB PAKAI “S” PLURAL  VERB TANPA “S”

25. Kata Penghubung ‘and’

26. Both______And , Either_____Or , Neither____Nor , Not Only___But Also

27. Between____And (PASANGAN)

28. Because = CONJUNCTION  (S+V)

Although = CONJUNCTION  (S+V)

Despite = PREPOSITION  (N / PRONOUN / NOUN PHRASE / GERUND)

When = CONJUNCTION  (S+V)

During = PREPOSITION  (N / PRONOUN / NOUN PHRASE / GERUND)

29. Interrupting Phrase

Interrupting Phrase adalah phrase yang menggangu dalam penentuan subject.

together with accompanied by by the way as you know

along with in addition to including as long as

especially as well as in my opinion besides

 Salah: The dogs, as well as the cat, is a mammal.

30. PERHATIKAN KELAS KATA

NOUN VERB ADJECTIVE ADVERB

Invention Invent Inventive Inventively

 Memulai Kalimat (Starting your Opinion)

In my opinion, According to me,

From my point of view, To my way of thinking

It seems to me that I suppose

From my perspective I understand

It appears that I feel

 Memberikan Contoh (Giving Examples)

For example, For instance

such as In other words,

Either … or In the same way

Neither … nor At the same time

On the contary, On the other hand,

Differ from Nevertheless

Alternatively Even though

Generally, Generally speaking,

Overall, On the whole,

In general, By and large,

It seems to me that I believe

All in all Basically,

All thins considered For the most part

 Mengekspresikan Kepastian (Expressing Certainty)

26. Both____And , Either_Or , NeitherNor , Not Only_But Also