7 agvisto: rogor moamzada da daiwyo

ruseTma 2008 wlis omi saqarTvelos winaaRmdeg

daviT bataSvili

103
eqspertis azri
 ÓÀØÀÒÈÅÄËÏÓ ÓÔÒÀÔÄÂÉÉÓÀ ÃÀ ÓÀÄÒÈÀÛÏÒÉÓÏ ÖÒÈÉÄÒÈÏÁÀÈÀ ÊÅËÄÅÉÓ ×ÏÍÃÉ
GEORGIAN FOUNDATION FOR STRATEGIC AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES

eqspertis azri

daviT bataSvili

7 agvisto: rogor moamzada da daiwyo ruseTma 2008 wlis

omi saqarTvelos winaaRmdeg

103

2018
 publikacia daibeWda amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis
saelCos finansuri mxardaWeriT. gamocemaSi
gamoTqmuli mosazrebebi ekuTvnis avtorebs da
SeiZleba ar asaxavdes saelCos Tvalsazriss.

teqnikuri redaqtori: artem meliq-nubarovi

saavtoro uflebebi daculia da ekuTvnis saqarTvelos strategiisa da

saerTaSoriso urTierTobebis kvlevis fonds. werilobiTi nebarTvis
gareSe publikaciis arc erTi nawili ar SeiZleba gadaibeWdos aranairi,
maT Soris eleqtronuli an meqanikuri, formiT. gamocemaSi gamoTqmuli
mosazrebebi da daskvnebi ekuTvnis avtors/ebs da SeiZleba ar asaxavdes
saqarTvelos strategiisa da saerTaSoriso urTierTobebis kvlevis
fondis Tvalsazriss.

© saqarTvelos strategiisa da saerTaSoriso

urTierTobaTa kvlevis fondi 2018 weli

ISSN 1512-4835
ISBN 978-9941-8-0054-2
 2008 wlis ruseT-saqarTvelos omi bevri davis sagania.
sainformacio brZola imasTan dakavSirebiT, Tu vin, rodis da
rogor daiwyo omi, gaCaRda jer kidev saomari moqmedebebis
dros da gagrZelda mTeli Semdgomi periodis ganmavlobaSi.
ruseTma TandaTan, saqarTveloze bevrad ufro didi
resursebis daxmarebiT, SeZlo am sainformacio brZolaSi
nawilobrivi upiratesobis mopoveba da omTan dakavSirebiT
saerTaSoriso narativSi bundovanebis Setana. marTalia, ru-
seTs gmoben saqarTvelos winaaRmdeg 2008 wels ganxorciele-
buli agresiisTvis, magram zogi amisTvis pasuxismgeblobis
nawils saqarTvelos xelisuflebas akisrebs.
zog SemTxvevaSi es politikurad aris motivirebuli.
ruseTTan urTierTobis „normalizebis“ dasavlelma mxar-
damWerebma, gansakuTrebiT, sanam 2014 wels ruseTi ukrainas
daesxmeboda Tavs, gadawyvites gaeziarebinaT 2008 wlis omis
Sesaxeb kremlis narativis garkveuli nawilebi. saqarTvelo-
Si, 2008 wels mmarTveli nacionaluri moZraobis politikur
oponentebs araerTxel daubralebiaT xelisuflebisTvis,
rom Tavidan ver airida ruseTTan omi da amis Sedegad moxda
saqarTvelos teritoriebis rusuli okupacia.
Tumca, yvela gaurkvevlobas, dakavSirebuls 2008 wlis
omis dawyebasTan, ar aqvs politikuri motivacia. sainforma-
cio frontze ruseTis mudmivi, Tanmimdevruli da aqtiuri
Zalisxmevis Sedegia am sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT bevri adamia-
nis gulwrfeli dabneuloba. ruseTis samezobloSi mimdina­
re geopolitikuri brZolis farglebSi es dabneuloba aris
iaraRi, romelsac rusuli diplomatia da propagandistuli
manqana saqarTvelos winaaRmdeg iyenebs.
nebismieri konfliqti moicavs yvela mxaris mier ga­
da­d­g­­mul nabijebs. Tumca, istoriuli faqtia, rom ruseTis
regularuli samxedro Zalebi, romlebsac ar hqondaT mSvido­
bismyofelTa statusi, 2008 wlis 7 agvistosTvis SemoiWr­
nen saqarTvelos teritoriaze, saqarTvelos xelisuflebis
nebarT­vis an misi Setyobinebis gareSe. amiT maT, saerTaSoriso
samarTlis mixedviT, Caidines agresiis aqti. am SemoWriT maT
daiwyes ruseTis samxedro Seteva saqarTveloze, romelic
gagrZelda momdevno ramdenime dRe, sanam 12 agvistos ar daido
cecxlis Sewyvetis SeTanxmeba. kidev erTi faqtia, rom qarTuli

3
 samxedro Zalebis winsvla cxinvalis regionSi daiwyo mxolod
7 agvistos 23:35 saaTidan _ saqarTveloSi rusuli jaris SemoW­
ridan sakmao drois Semdeg.
ruseTis sainformacio omma da zogi piris mzadyofnam
gaiziaros, nawilobriv mainc, omis Sesaxeb moskoviuri nara-
tivi Tavisi politikuri miznebis gamo, es faqtebi bundo-
vanebis burusSi gaxvia. axla, ruseT-saqarTvelos omis meaTe
wlisTavisTvis, movida dro, rom es burusi istoriuli si­
marT­liT gavfantoT.
am statiis pirveli ZiriTadi nawili eZRvneba diplo-
matiur da samxedro eskalacias 2008 wlis Teberval-agvis-
toSi, meore nawilSi ganxilulia 7 agvisto _ omis dawyebis
dRe, mesame nawili ki exeba kidev erT sakiTxs, romelic gax-
da sainformacio omis sagani _ 8 agvistos diliT cxinvalis
samxreTiT momxdar Setakebas mSvidobismyofelTa statusis
mqone rusul Zalebsa da qarTul jars Soris.

nawili I. gza ruseT-saqarTvelos omisken

1990-iani wlebis dasawyisSi sabWoTa da Semdeg rusul-

ma uSiSroebam afxazeTsa da cxinvalis regionSi daaxloebiT
iseve imoqmeda, rogorc 2014 wels ukrainis donbasis region-
Si. adgilobrivi separatistebi gamozardes, mxari dauWires,
Semdeg ki maT qmedebebs mimarTuleba misces. rodesac dasaxu­
li miznis misaRwevad es ar kmaroda, ruseTi ufro pirdapir
erTveboda konfliqtSi.
saboloo jamSi, TiTqmis mTeli afxazeTi da cxinvalis
regionis didi nawili moeqca rusuli arapirdapiri kont­
rolis qveS moskovis mxardaWerili separatistebis meSveo-
biT, xolo afxazeTis mravalricxovani qarTuli mosaxleobis
umetesi nawili sastiki eTnikuri wmendis Sedegad gamodevnes
mSobliuri regionidan.
adreuli 1990-iani wlebis saqarTvelo diplomatiu-
rad bev­rad ufro izolirebuli iyo, vidre dRevandeli
ukrainaa. amis Sedegad ruseTma SeZlo misi iZuleba daTanxme-
buliyo ori­ve regionSi rus mSvidobismyofelTa yofnas. af-
xazeTSi mTe­li samSvidobo kontingenti rusi jariskacebisgan
Sedgebo­da. cxinvalis regionSi SemoiRes ufro Taviseburi

4
samSvidobo formati, sadac sami batalioni Sedioda: erTi
_ ruseTis regularuli SeiaraRebuli Zalebidan, meore _
formalurad CrdiloeT oseTi-alaniis regions warmoadgen-
da, xolo mesame _ saqarTvelos SeiaraRebul Zalebs.
ruseTis Semdgomi politika saqarTvelos mimarT sakma­
od arasaxarbielo iyo boris elcinis administraciis dro-
sac, magram mas Semdeg, rac 1999 wlis agvistoSi vladimir
putini gaxda ruseTis premier-ministri, xolo Semdeg, 2000
wlis gazafxulze, prezidenti, saqarTvelos mdgomareoba
kidev ufro damZimda.
putinis mmarTvelobis dros ruseT-saqarTvelos
urTi­erTobebi Tanmimdevrulad uaresdeboda. 2008 wlis
Teber­vlamde wlebis manZilze putinis ruseTis gadadgmuli
nabijebi, bevr sxva ramesTan erTad, moicavda: Tbilisis mier
arakontrolirebad saqarTvelos teritoriaze samxedro ba-
zebis mSeneblobasa da ganviTarebas;1 ruseTis genStabis mier
saqarTvelos winaaRmdeg omis gegmis momzadebas;2 separat-
istTa gasamxedroebuli jgufebis SeiaraRebas, organizebasa
da wvrTnas;3 rusuli samxedro aviaciis mier saqarTvelos
teritoriis dabombvas;4 ruseTis oficialuri pirebis, maT
Soris piradad putinis, Sexvedrebs separatistebis lidereb­
Tan;5 saqarTelos ori regionis „damoukideblobis“ aRiarebis
politikur momzadebas;6 ruseTis samxedro da uSiSroebis
oficrebis da ruseTis sxva moqalaqeebis daniSvnas wamyvan
poziciebze separatistul reJimebSi, gansakuTrebiT didi
raodenobiT _ cxinvalSi;7 afxazeTsa da cxinvalis regionSi
mcxovreb mosaxleobaSi rusuli pasportebis darigebas.8
diplomatiuri eskalacia 2008 wels
2008 wels movlenebis mkveTri eskalacia mas Semdeg
daiwyo, rac 17 Tebervals kosovom damoukidebloba gamoac­
xada da dasavleTis saxelmwifoTa didma nawilma es aRiara.
es TiTqos iyo signali ruseTisTvis saqarTvelos winaaRmdeg
moqmedebebSi axal etapze gadasasvlelad. Semdgomi nabijebi
moskovma swrafad, erTmaneTis miyolebiT gadadga.
6 marts ruseTi gamovida damoukidebel saxelmwifoTa
Tanamegobrobis (dsT) 1996 wlis SeTanxmebidan, romelic krZa-
lavda dsT-is wevr saxelmwifoTa samxedro, politikur da

5
 ekonomikur kavSirebs afxazeTis separatistebTan.9 21 marts
ruseTis saxelmwifo dumam miiRo rezolucia, romelSic
mouwodebda mTavrobas afxazeTis da „samxreT oseTis“ aRia­
rebisken da am regionebSi ruseTis „moqalaqeebis“ dacvisken.
3 aprils putinma separatistTa liderebs gaugzavna werili,
romelSic maT „ara deklaraciul, aramed praqtikul“ mxar­
daWeras dahpirda.10
rusebi arc malavdnen kavSirs saqarTveloSi TavianT
qmedebebsa da kosovos damoukideblobas Soris. jer kidev
kosovos aRiarebamde ruseTis genStabis ufrosma iuri balu­
evskim ganacxada, rom am aRiarebas eqneboda gamoxmaureba
„sxva regionebSic, maT Soris ruseTis sazRvrebTan axlos“
da daazusta, rom gulisxmobda konkretulad „afxazeTs,
samxreT oseTs da dnestrispireTs“.11 igive gzavnili hqon-
da kremls daxurul kars miRmac, rac saqarTvelos prezi-
dentma mixeil saakaSvilma Seityo putinTan Sexvedris dros,
2008 wlis TebervalSi. ruseTis prezidentma Tavis qarTvel
kolegas ganucxada, rom kosovos damoukideblobis pasuxad
ruseTi gadadgamda saqarTvelos suverenitetis winaaRmdeg
mimarTul axal nabijebs afxazeTsa da „samxreT oseTSi“.12
ruseTis aqtiurobis kidev erTi sababi iyo saqarT-
velos natoSi gawevrianebis perspeqtiva. 11 marts natoSi ru-
seTis warmomadgenelma dimitri rogozinma ganacxada: „ro-
gorc ki saqarTvelo vaSingtonisgan miiRebs natos wevrobis
raime perspeqtivas, meore dResve daiwyeba saqarTvelosgan am
ori teritoriis [afxazeTis da cxinvalis regionis] realuri
secesiis procesi“.13 mas Semdeg, rac 2008 wlis 4 aprils gamo-
qveynda natos buqarestis samitis komunike, romelic pirde­
bo­da saqarTvelos natos samomavlo wevrobas, gamoqveynda
ruseTis prezidentis gancxadeba, sadac naTqvami iyo, rom
ruseTi gauwevda qmediT daxmarebas afxazeTs da „samxreT
­oseTs“.14 8 aprils ki ruseTis sagareo saqmeTa ministrma ser-
gei lavrovma Tqva, rom ruseTi gaakeTebda „yvelafers, rom
ar dauSvas ukrainisa da saqarTvelos natoSi gawevrianeba“.15
2008 wlis 16 aprils moskovma gadadga Zalian mniSv­
nelovani nabiji saqarTvelos winaaRmdeg _ putinima gamosca
brZaneba, romliTac daavala ruseTis saxelmwifo uwyebebs
pirdapiri oficialuri urTierTobebi daemyarebinaT saqarT­
velos ori regionis separatistul reJimebTan. pasuxad
6
saqarT­velos xelisuflebam ganacxada, rom ruseTi apireb­
da am regionebis aneqsias. evrokavSirma, natom, euTom da
ZiriTadma dasavlurma saxelmwifoebma aseve dagmes putinis
es gadawyvetileba.16
samxedro eskalacia 2008 wels _ pirveli nabijebi
17 aprils, putinis brZanebidan meore dRes, afxazeT-
Si Cavida da oCamCireSi ganTavsda 300-mde rusi jariskaci.17
ase daiwyo omis wina samxedro eskalacia, romelic kulmina-
ciamde mivida 7 agvistos, saqarTvelos winaaRmdeg rusuli
samxedro operaciis dawyebis saxiT.
20 aprils rusulma samxedro TviTmfrinavma Camoagdo
uiaraRo qarTuli droni, romelic afxazeTSi rusuli samxed­
ro Zalebis zrdas akvirdeboda. saqarTeloSi gaeros sadam-
kvirveblo misiis gamoZiebam daadastura, rom TviTmfrinavi
rusuli iyo. maisSi ruseTma kidev ramdenime qarTuli droni
Camoagdo.18
aprilis bolos moskovma ganacxada, rom is afxazeTSi
gzavnida novorosiiskSi bazirebuli me-7 sadesanto-moieriSe
diviziis 400 jariskacs. es nabiji warmoadgenda samSvidobo
operaciebis Sesaxeb dsT-is SeTanxmebis darRvevas.19 2008
wlis aprilSi afxazeTSi gagzavnili rusuli Zalebi ekuTv­
noda me-7 diviziis 108-e sadesanto-moieriSe polks.20 amis
garda, afxazeTSi aseve gaigzavna rusuli specdaniSnulebis
Zalebis ori aseuli,21 xolo sxva specdaniSnulebis Zalebi
gaigzavna cxinvalis regionSi.*
rusi samxedroebis am gadaadgilebebs Tan sdevda
ruse­Tidan SeiaraRebis gagzavna afxazeTsa da cxinvalis re-
gionSi. „qarTvelebis monacemebiT, gviani gazafxulidan maT
daafiqsires rusuli samxedro aRWurvilobis, sul mcire, 26
msxvili konteineri, romelic Sevida afxazeTSi. es ukanono
gadazidvebi Seicavda bmp/btr tipis javSnian manqanebs, d-30
tipis haubicebs, sa-11 bukis tipis haersawinaaRmdego sis-
temebs, bm-21 gradis saraketo sistemebs da zsu-23-4 Silkas
tipis haersawinaaRmdego danadgarebs. SeiaraRebis amave sis-
temebis ufro mcire raodenoba Sevida samxreT oseTSi da
ganTavsda javis raionSi~.22

* amis Sesaxeb damatebiTi informaciisTvis ix.: „nawili III. Setakeba samSvi-

dobo statusis mqone rusul Zalebsa da qarTul jars Soris“.
7
 2008 wlis 31 maiss ruseTis Tavdacvis saministrom ga-
nacxada23 afxazeTSi ruseTis sarkinigzo jarebis gagzavnis
Sesaxeb. am jarebis 400 samxedros daevala soxumsa da oCamCi-
res Soris sarkinigzo xazis reabilitacia.24
am nabijiT ruseTma daarRvia samSvidobo formati.25
qarTulma mxarem es aqtiurad gaaprotesta. sagareo saqmeTa
ministris moadgilem grigol vaSaZem Tqva, rom aravis sWirde­
ba sxva qveynis teritoriaze sarkinigzo jarebis gagzavna, Tu
is iq samxedro intervencias ar gegmavs.26 ruseTis es qmede-
ba aseve gaakritika saerTaSoriso sazogadoebam, maT Soris,
evropis parlamentma. 5 ivnisis rezoluciaSi man ganacxada,
rom „arsebuli samSvidobo formati unda gadaixedos, radgan
ruseTis jarebma dakarges neitralur da miukerZoebel mSvi­
dobismyofelTa roli~.27 natos generaluri mdivnis iap de
hoop sxeferis TqmiT, rusuli sarkinigzo jarebis afxazeTSi
gagzavna „calsaxad arRvevda saqarTvelos suverenitetsa da
teritoriul mTlianobas“ da warmoadgenda „eskalaciisken
mimarTul ruseTis qmedebas~.28
rusma jariskacebma soxum-oCamCiris sarkinigzo xa-
zis SekeTeba daasrules 30 ivliss _ saqarTveloSi rusu-
li samxed­ro kampaniis dawyebamde daaxloebiT erTi kviriT
adre.29 mogvianebiT, omis dros, aSS-is saxelmwifo mdivnis
moadgilis TanaSemwem meTiu braizam rusuli sarkinigzo
jarebis Sesaxeb ganacxada: „axla Cven ukve viciT simarTle
imis Sesaxeb, Tu ratom iyvnen iq es Zalebi. maTi mizani iyo
rkinigzis aRdgena imisTvis, rom gaegzavnaT amunicia da sxva
samxedro tvirTebi rusuli SemoWris dasaxmareblad“.30
saqarTvelosTan omisTvis ruseTis mizanmimarTuli
mzadeba mogvianebiT daadastura iuri baluevskim, romelic
2008 wlis 3 ivnisamde iyo rusuli genStabis ufrosi, Semdeg
dainiSna uSiSroebis sabWos mdivnis moadgiled da am Tanam-
debobaze iyo ruseT-saqarTvelos omis drosac.31 2012 wlis
rusul dokumentur filmSi „dakarguli dRe“ baluevskim
ganacxada, rom saqarTveloSi samxedro operaciis Catareba
putinma gadawyvita jer kidev dimitri medvedevis saprezi-
dento inauguraciamde (2008 wlis maisi). momzadda operaciis
detaluri gegma, xolo samxedro SenaerTebis meTaurebs wi-
naswar gaegzavnaT konkretuli brZanebebi.32

8
 zogma dasavlurma sadazvervo samsaxurma swori prog-
nozi gaakeTa mosalodnel omTan dakavSirebiT. aSS-is dazver­
vis erT-erTi Tanamdebobis piris TqmiT, buSis administracia
gaafrTxiles saqarTvelos mimarT ruseTis mtruli ganzarx-
vebis Sesaxeb.33 2008 wlis martSi baltiis erT-erTi saxelm-
wifos sadazvervo samsaxurs hqonda informacia, rom ruseTi
imave wels saqarTvelosTan oms apirebda. man aseve sworad
ivarauda, rom am omSi CarTuli iqneboda 58-e armia da 76-e
sadesanto-moieriSe divizia.34 SvedeTis erT-erTma sadazver-
vo uwyebam _ erovnuli Tavdacvis radio dawesebu­lebam (FRA)
_ aseve gaakeTa prognozi, rom ruseTi saqarTvelos Tavs
daesxmeboda.35 Tumca, sxvadasxva mzveravTa es monacemebi
ver iqca dasavleTis ZiriTadi saxelmwifoebis politikuri
xelmZRvanelobis realur codnad rusuli gegmebis Sesaxeb
da verc maT diplomatiur politikaze iqonia gavlena.
samxedro eskalacia 2008 wels _ omis momzadebis
saboloo etapi
2008 wlis ivnisis Sua ricxvebSi iyo afeTqebebi da
naRmebTan dakavSirebuli incidentebi „qarTuli kontrolis
qveS myofi soflebis _ kexvi, ergneTi da TamaraSeni da samxreT
oseTis de faqto miliciis koxaTis postis siaxloves“, xolo
cecxli gaixsna „qarTuli kontrolis qveS arsebuli soflebs
_ sversa da friss da samxreTosuri kontrolis qveS arsebul
soflebs _ anZissa da zemo friss Soris“, aseve _ „cxinvalis
samxreT midamoebsa da axlos mdebare qarTul soflebSi“.36
3 ivliss moxda cxinvalis regionis Tbilisis mier kont­
rolirebadi nawilis administraciis xelmZRvanelis dimitri
sanakoevis winaaRmdeg mimarTuli afeTqeba, romlis Sedega-
dac daiWra ramdenime qarTveli policieli, sxva afeTqebis
Sedegad ki daiRupa cxinvalis SeiaraRebuli dajgufebebis
erT-erTi meTauri. am incidentebs 3-4 ivlisis Rames mohyva
sacecxle Setakebebi.37
8 ivliss oTxi rusuli samxedro TviTmfrinavi SemoiW­
ra saqarTvelos sahaero sivrceSi. amgvari darRvevebis wina
SemTxvevebisgan gansxvavebiT, amjerad es faqti ruseTis
sagareo saqmeTa saministrom oficialurad aRiara.38 aRsaniS­
navia, rom es moxda aSS-is saxelmwifo mdivnis, kondoliza
raisis, 9 ivliss saqarTveloSi vizitis wina dRes.
9
 10 ivliss CrdiloeT kavkasiis samxedro olqis meTaur­
ma, general-polkovnikma sergei makarovma ganacxada, rom mis
daqvemdebarebaSi myofi Zalebi emzadebodnen afxazeTsa an/da
„samxreT oseTSi“ SesaZlo intervenciisTvis, Tuki iq daiwye-
boda sabrZolo moqmedebebi.39
15 ivliss rusulma jarma daiwyo masStaburi samxedro
swavleba „kavkaz-2008“. swavlebis dros rus jariskacebSi
vrcel­deboda sainformacio furceli saxelwodebiT „meo-
maro, icode savaraudo mowinaaRmdege“. furceli Seicavda
informacias saqarTvelos SeiaraRebuli Zalebis Sesaxeb.40
swavleba „kavkaz-2008“ dasrulda 2 agvistos _ saqarTveloSi
rusuli jaris SemoWramde xuTi dRiT adre.
kanzasis saxelmwifo universitetis rusuli Seiara-
Rebuli Zalebis specialistis deil herspringis TqmiT, „es
swavleba iyo zustad is, rac maT [rusebma] saqarTveloSi
ramdenime kviris Semdeg ganaxorcieles“. misi azriT, es iyo
„generaluri repeticia“.41 76-e sadesanto-moieriSe diviziis
polkovnikma andrei krasovma mogvianebiT interviuSi ganac­
xada, rom am swavlebis dros 76-e diviziis jariskacebma „zed-
miwevniT Seiswavles rokis gvirabisken mimavali yvela gza“.42
aRsaniSnavia, rom rusuli agresiis dros 76-e diviziam mniSv­
nelovani roli Seasrula saqarTvelos winaaRmdeg warmoe-
bul samxedro operaciaSi.
2 agvistos, swavlebis dasrulebis Semdeg, zogi rusu­
li samxedro danayofi ar daubrunda Tavis mudmiv bazas da
saqarTvelos sazRvris siaxloves darCa. Sedegad, „maT SeeZ­
loT samxreT oseTSi swrafad Sesvla rokis gvirabis gavliT,
Sesabamisi brZanebis miRebis SemTxvevaSi“.43 mogvianebiT es
faqti daadastura anatoli xruliovma, 58-e armiis meTaurma,
romelic daiWra qarTvel jariskacebTan 9 agvistos momxdar
SetakebaSi. 2012 wlis aprilSi gamoqveynebul interviuSi xru-
liovma Tqva, rom swavlebis Semdeg „armiis zogi SenaerTi da
danayofi ar dabrunda Tavis yazarmebSi, aramed darCa mTebSi,
rokis gvirabis misadgomebTan“.44
rusebma aseve ganagrZes afxazeTSi myofi Tavisi jare­
bis gaZliereba. 2008 wlis ivlisis bolos gamocemul nomerSi
rusulma Jurnalma „ogoniokma“ gamoaqveyna masala ruseTi-
dan afxazeTSi Sesuli mZime teqnikis da sawvaviT datvirTuli

10
manqanebis Sesaxeb. Jurnalistma pavel Seremetma moiwera ru-
seT-saqarTvelos sazRvris afxazeTis monakveTidan: „aTiode
samxedro satvirTo manqana kveTs sazRvars SeCerebis gareSe.
amJamad maT ZiriTadad miaqvT sawvavi samxedro teqnikisTvis,
Tumca oriode kviris win afxazeTSi TviTon teqnika Sedioda.
samxedro kolonebi da tankebiT da javSantransportiorebiT
datvirTuli eSelonebi dRe da Rame moZraobdnen~.45
24-28 ivliss moxda „ramdenime afeTqeba cxinvalis
samxreT midamoebsa da qarTuli kontrolis qveS arsebul
sofel avnevSi, qarTuli samSvidobo Zalebis batalionis
postTan axlos“. 29-31 ivliss midioda sacecxle Setake-
bebi „qarTuli kontrolis qveS arsebul sofel sversa da
samxreTosuri kontrolis qveS arsebul sofel anZiss“, aseve
„xeTagurovos maxloblad samxreTosuri miliciis postsa
da avnevi-zemo niqozis SemovliT gzaze qarTuli policiis
posts“ Soris.46
„1 agvistos, eredvi-xeiTis qarTul SemovliT gzaze
TviTnakeTi asafeTqebeli mowyobilobis afeTqebis Sedegad
daiWra xuTi qarTveli policieli. 1-2 agvistos saRamosa da
Ramis ganmavlobaSi konfliqtis zonaSi adgili hqonda snaipe-
ruli da naRmtyorcnebis cecxlis intensiur da farTo gacv-
las“. 2-3 da 3-4 agvistos Ramesac mimdinareobda sacecxle
Setakebebi.47
omis wina dReebSi ruseTidan saqarTveloSi SeiaraReb-
uli mebrZolebis jgufebi Semodiodnen. 4 agvistos cxin­valis
reJimis liderma eduard kokoiTim ganacxada, rom CrdiloeT
oseTidan Semovida 300 „moxalise“ da igi eloda maTi raode-
nobis 2000-mde gazrdas.48 momdevno dRes kokoiTis reJimis
warmomadgenelma dimitri medoevma daadastura, rom cxinva-
lis regionSi ruseTidan Semovidnen „moxaliseebi“.49
5 agvistos rus kazakTa saxelmwifosTan afilirebuli
organizaciis xelmZRvanelma viqtor vodolackim, romelic
aseve iyo ruseTis dumis deputati mmarTveli partiidan da
rostovis olqis gubernatoris yofili moadgile, ganacxa-
da, rom misi organizacia mzad iyo „samxreT oseTSi“ saqarT-
velosTan saomrad mebrZolTa gasagzavnad. rus kazakTa sxva
jgufebis liderebmac gamoTqves amisTvis mzadyofna.50 omis
Semdeg vodolackim ganacxada, rom „moxaliseTa“ mobilizeba

11
 iyo centralurad dagegmili da xorcieldeboda oficialu-
rad, CrdiloeT kavkasiaSi regionuli da raionuli samxedro
komisariatebis meSveobiT, da rom „moxaliseTa“ umravleso-
ba miamagres rusuli regularuli jaris me-19 divizias.51 6
agvistos rusulma gazeTma „izvestiam“ dawera, rom „samxreT
oseTSi moxaliseebi moskovidanac ki Cadiodnen“.52
6 agvistos SuadRidan „sacecxle Setakebebi midioda
qarTul da samxreTosur mxareebs Soris kontaqtis TiTqmis
mTel xazze, xolo gansakuTrebiT cxeli wertilebi iyo avne-
vi-nuli-xeTagurovos (cxinvalidan dasavleTiT) da dmenisi-
frisis (cxinvalidan aRmosavleTiT) arealebSi“.53 qarTuli
samSvidobo Zalebis posti sarabukis simaRleebze aseve moeq­
ca cecxlis qveS, ris Sedegadac daiWra sami qarTveli mSvi-
dobismyofeli.54
rusuli mediis monacemebiT, 6 agvistos didi raode-
nobis rusuli samxedro Zalebi moZraobdnen rokis gvirabis
mimarTulebiT. saqarTvelos sazRvrisken mimavali gza savse
iyo rusul mZime teqnikisa da satvirTo manqanebisgan Semd-
gari samxedro kolonebiT.55

nawili II. 7 agvisto, ruseT-saqarTvelos omis dawyeba

7 agvistos samxedro movlenebi SeiZleba or katego-

riad davyoT: erTi _ cxinvalis regionSi mimdinare sacecxle
Setakebebis damatebiTi eskalacia, xolo meore _ rusuli ja-
ris saqarTveloSi dadasturebuli SemoWra da sapasuxo qar-
Tuli samxedro operaciis dawyeba.
cxinvalis regionSi cecxli, artileriis gamoyenebis
CaTvliT, gagrZelda 7 agvistos dilas da SuadRes. 14:00
saaTze qarTvel mSvidobismyofelTa posti sofel avnevSi
moeqca Zlieri saartilerio dartymis qveS, ris Sedegadac
daiRupa ori, xolo daiWra xuTi qarTveli mSvidobismyofe-
li.56 saRamos saartilerio cecxli kidev ufro intensiuri
gaxda, ris Sedegadac cxinvalis maxloblad mdebare qarTuli
poziciebis umetesoba dabombvis qveS aRmoCnda.57
7 agvistos sakvanZo movlena iyo saqarTveloSi ruse-
Tis regularuli arasamSvidobo samxedro Zalebis SemoWra.
saqarT­velos mier mopovebuli satelefono zarebis Canawere-

12
bi, omis Semdgomi informacia rusul mediaSi, romelic gada­
urCa kremlis oficialuri poziciis (romlis mixedviTac
rusuli jari saqarTveloSi mxolod 8 agvistos Semovida)
filtrs, rusuli sisxlis samarTlis oficialuri gamoZie-
ba, romelic gaasajarova fondma „dedis ufleba“ (adamianis
uflebaTa damcveli rusuli organizacia, romelic exmareba
jarSi daRupul samxedro mosamsaxureTa ojaxebs), da soxumis
reJimis lideri sergei baRafSi _ yvela es wyaro adasturebs,
rom saqarTveloze rusuli Tavdasxma 7 agvistos ukve dawye-
buli iyo.
satelefono Canawerebi
qarTuli mxaris mier Cawerili satelefono zarebi
ekuTvniT cxinvalis reJimis „mesazRvreebs“ rokis gvirabTan
7 agvistos, 03:41 da 03:52 saaTze. am satelefono saubrebSi
rokis gvirabTan myofi „mesazRvre“, gvarad gasievi, atyo-
binebs Tavis ufross rusuli samxedro manqanebis, maT Soris
mZime teqnikis, Sesaxeb, romelTac „gaavses“ gvirabi. meore
saubarSi gasievi eubneba ufross, rom rusulma samxedro
kolonam rokis gvirabi ukve gamoiara.58
gasievma aseve Tqva, rom am rusul kolonas meTau-
robda rusi polkovniki gvarad kazaCenko.59 cnobilia, rom
polkovniki andrei kazaCenko omis dros iyo me-19 diviziis
693-e motomsrolelTa polkis meTauri, romelic aqtiurad
iRebda monawileobas rusul SeteviT operaciaSi da ibrZoda
qarTuli jaris winaaRmdeg.60
saqarTvelos Sinagan saqmeTa ministrma vano merabi­
Svilma „Tqva, rom qarTuli sadazvervo satelefono
Canawerebis Sesaxeb mas Seatyobines maTi Caweridan saaTebis
Semdeg. misi TqmiT, man gadasca es informacia [saqarTvelos
prezident] saakaSvils, romelmac miiRo is, rogorc rusuli
SemoWris niSani~.61
informacia rusul mediaSi
2008 wlis 3 seqtembers ruseTis Tavdacvis saministros
oficialurma gazeTma „krasnaia zvezdam“ gamoaqveyna statia,
sadac 135-e polkis kapitanma denis sidristim ganacxada, rom
7 agvistos misma danayofma miiRo brZaneba gadasuliyo cxin-

13
 valSi.62 sidristim aseve Tqva, rom im momentSi, rodesac misma
danayofma miiRo cxinvalSi gadasvlis brZaneba, es danayofi
imyofeboda banakSi, romelic gaSlili iyo niJni zaramagSi63 _
saqarTvelos saxelmwifo sazRvrisa da rokis gvirabis uSua-
lo siaxloves.
2008 wlis 10 agvistos axalgazrda rusma jariskacma
warmoSobiT permis mxaridan, romelic msaxurobda 58-e armiis
me-19 diviziaSi, daureka dedamiss da uTxra: „deda, me axla­
xan Camovedi cxinvalidan. Zalian cota dro maqvs. momismine:
Cven iq 7 agvistodan varT. mTeli Cveni 58-e armia. Sen al-
baT televizorSi uyureb mand rac xdeba? dRes CamovaRwieT
cxinvalidan vladikavkazSi, SeiaraRebis wamosaRebad. axla
ukan vbrundebiT“. jariskaci axalwveuli iyo. misma mSobleb-
ma misgan miRebuli informacia miawodes permis mxridan sxva
gawveulTa mSoblebs, romlebmac Tqves, rom maTi Svilebis
mobiluri telefonebi gaTiSuli iyo 7 agvistodan.64
2008 wlis agvistoSi permis mxaris adamianis ufleba-
Ta komisarma tatiana margolinam miiRo werilebi sami axal-
wveulis dedebisgan, romlebic SeSfoTebuli iyvnen sakuTari
Svilebis SesaZlo gagzavniT „samxreT oseTSi“, sabrZolo moq­
medebebis zonaSi. erT-erT werilSi weria: „maisSi Cemi Svili
wvevamdelTa Sekrebis punqtidan gauSves samsaxuris gasavle-
lad q. vladikavkazSi. ivnisSi man fici dado, xolo „axalgaz-
rda mebrZolis“ kursi erTi Tve gagrZelda. 9 agvistos man
telefoniT Segvatyobina, rom jer kidev 7 agvistos, saRamos,
isini kolonis SemadgenlobaSi samxreT oseTSi gagzavnes“.65
2008 wlis agvistos bolos adgilobrivma gazeTma mor-
doviis regionis dedaqalaq saranskSi dabeWda statia am qa-
laqis mkvidr iunir bikiniaevis Sesaxeb, romelic iyo rigiTi
jariskaci 58-e armiaSi. rogorc gazeTSi daiwera bikiniae-
vis ojaxis wevrebTan intervius Caweris Semdeg, „7 agvistos
mSob­lebi SeSfoTdnen _ iuniri aRar pasuxobda zarebs. ro-
gorc man mogvianebiT Tavad aRiara, mas ubralod ar sur-
da ojaxis wevrebis SeSineba. Tumca, misi mSoblebis yvelaze
cudi varaudi gamarTlda _ 135-e polki, romelSic Cveneburi
msaxurobda, saswrafod gadaisroles samxreT oseTSi“.66
2009 wlis maisSi ruseTis mTavrobis oficialurma
gazeTma „rosiiskaia gazetam“ gaaSuqa 2008 wlis agvistoSi

14
qarTvelebTan brZolaSi daRupuli maioris denis vetCino-
vis brinjaos biustis gaxsnis ceremonia. am gamoqveynebul
informaciaSi weria: „ruseTis gmiris, maior denis vetCinovis
Zegli gaixsna me-19 motomsrolelTa diviziis dislokaciis
teritoriaze. aqedan, gasuli wlis 7 agvistos, adre diliT,
32 wlis maiori gaemgzavra sabrZolo mivlinebaSi _ cxinval-
Si~.67
mediaSi gamoqveynebuli kidev erTi informacia
miuTiTebs rusuli jaris ukanono yofnaze cxinvalis regi­
onSi jer kidev 7 agvistomde. leitenantma qalaq yazanidan,
aleqsandre popovma, daamTavra satanko akademia 2007 wels
da msaxurobda vladikavkazSi. man ibrZola da daiWra ruseT-
saqarTvelos omSi. 12 agvistos dedamisma uTxra Jurnalis­
tebs: „me mas telefoniT vesaubre orSabaTs [11 agvisto],
SuadRes. mas ukve Cautares operacia da budionovskSi ga-
dahyavT. samxreT oseTi maT jer kidev samSabaT-oTxSabaTs
[5-6 agvisto] unda daetovebinaT: maT iq gegmiuri swavleba
hqondaT. magram, rogorc Cans, darCnen. is xom jer kidev sao-
mari moqmedebebis dawyebamde erT kviriT adre meubneboda:
„me vxedav rogor esvrian cxinvals“. isini iyvnen swavleba-
ze sadRac mTebSi da Cemi Svilis TqmiT, cxinvals igi iqidan
mSve­nivrad xedavda“. 9 agvistos popovma daureka dedamiss da
uTxra, rom igi iyo „daWrili, magram cocxali“ da rom misi
danayofi iyo „pirveli, vinc cxinvalSi Sevida“.68
rogorc ruseT-saqarTvelos omis gamoCenili mkvle­
vari da bil klintonis meore administraciis dros evro-
pis sakiTxebSi aSS-is saxelmwifo mdivnis moadgilis TanaSem­
we ronald asmusi wers Tavis 2010 wels gamocemul wignSi,
„wyaroebi da infromacia omis dros da omis Semdeg samxreT
oseTSi myofi Jurnalistebisgan aseve miuTiTebs, rom 58-e
armiis 135-e da 693-e polkebisa da 22-e specdaniSnulebis
brigadis nawilebi iseve, rogorc ramdenime satanko danayo-
fi, Sevidnen samxreT oseTSi 2 da 7 agvistos Soris“.69
rusuli sisxlis samarTlis gamoZieba
mediaSi gamoqveynebuli informaciis garda, 7 agvistos
saqarTveloSi rusuli jari SemoWris Sesaxeb kidev erTi wya­
roa oficialuri rusuli sisxlis samarTlis gamoZieba, ro-

15
 melic gaasajarova fondma „dedis ufleba“ _ adamianis ufle-
baTa damcvelma rusulma arasamTavrobo organizaciam.
2014 wlis 12 marts fondma „dedis ufleba“ gamoaqvey-
na presrelizi vladimir selipetovis saqmis Sesaxeb. selip-
etovi iyo jariskaci, romelic msaxurobda 693-e polkis me-3
motomsrolelTa batalionSi. aRsaniSnavia, rom swored amave
polkis meTaurs, polkovnik kazaCenkos axsenebs cxinvalis re-
Jimis „mesazRvre“, rogorc saqarTveloSi Semomavali rusuli
samxedro kolonis meTaurs, 7 agvistos diliT adre saubar-
Si, romelic Cawera qarTulma mxarem. selipetovi daiRupa
7 agvistos saqarTvelos teritoriaze, rokis gvirabis max-
loblad. oficialuri versiiT, man Tavi moikla. Tumca misma
mSoblebma es ar daijeres da xangrZlivi iuridiuli brZola
gamarTes Svilis bedis Sesaxeb simarTlis gasarkvevad. 2009
wlis ivlisSi maT daxmarebisTvis mimarTes fonds „dedis
ufleba“, romelmac maT mxari dauWira.
am fondis 2014 wlis 12 martis presrelizSi vkiTxu­
lobT: „vladimir selipetovi (dab. 1986 w.) jarSi gaiwvies 2007
wlis 20 ivniss. igi msaxurobda samxedro nawilSi 66431 [693-
e motomsrolelTa polkis nomeri], respublikaSi Crdilo­
eT oseTi-alania. sisxlis samarTlis saqmis masalebis mixed­
viT, vladimir selipetovi gardaicvala 2008 wlis 7 agvistos,
daaxloebiT 04:00 saaTze, samxreT oseTis respublikis javis
raionis teritoriaze, rokis gvirabis „samxreTuli portalis
Sesasvlelidan samxreT-aRmosavleTiT, 155 metrSi“. igi garda-
icvala „TavSi erTi tyviiT miyenebuli Wrilobis“ Sedegad,
gasrola moxda aks-74-dan.“70
imave dRes, „7 agvistos, ruseTis prokuraturasTan
arsebulma vladikavkazis garnizonis samxedro-sagamoZebo
danayofma aRZra sisxlis samarTlis saqme ruseTis federaci-
is sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 110-e muxlis mier gaTvalis­
winebuli danaSaulis niSnebis gamo“.71
selipetovis mSoblebisTvis erT-erTi problema iyo
kompensaciis sakiTxi: „samxreT oseTSi sabrZolo moqmedebeb-
Si daRupuli jariskacebis ojaxebma rusuli saxelmwifosgan
miiRes finansuri kompensacia,“ selipetovis ojaxs ki es kom-
pensacia ar miuRia, radgan „oficialurad maTi Svili daiRu-
pa gaurkvevel viTarebaSi, samxreT oseTSi sabrZolo opera-

16
ciis dawyebamde erTi dRiT adre“.72 ruseTis xelisuflebis
uari ruseT-saqarTvelos omis dros sxva daRupuli jaris-
kacebis ojaxebis msgavsad kompensacia gadaexadaT selipeto-
vis mSoblebisTvis, ganpirobebuli iyo moskovis oficialuri
poziciiT, rom saqarTvelos winaaRmdeg samxedro Seteva man
daiwyo mxolod 8 agvistos, nacvlad namdvili TariRisa _ 7
agvistosi.
rogorc fondi „dedis ufleba“ wers, selipetovis
saqmis xelaxla gaxsnaze bolo oficialuri uaridan „gamo-
dis, rom selipetovi da misi oceulis samxedro mosamsaxu-
reebi aRmoCndnen sxva saxelmwifos teritoriaze, sabrZolo
iaraRiT da javSanJiletebSi, da iq sangrebis Txra daiwyes
TiTqosda SemTxveviT.“ rogorc Sejamebulia fondis pres-
relizSi, „vladimir selipetovis daRupvis istoria naTlad
aCvenebs sxva saxelmwifos teritoriaze wvevamdelis daRup-
vis viTarebas iq samxedro operaciis oficialur dawyebamde
erTi dRiT adre (yvela Sesabamisi SedegiT daRupulis ojaxi­
saTvis)~.73
sergei baRafSis aRiareba
damatebiTi informacia saqarTvelos winaaRmdeg ru-
suli agresiis dawyebaze mogvawoda soxumis reJimis liderma
sergei baRafSma. 2008 wlis 7 agvistos man telekamerebis win
ganacxada, rom saqarTveloSi rusuli jari Semovida. imave
dRes misi es gancxadeba televiziam aCvena. baRafSma Tqva: „me
vesaubre samxreT oseTis prezidents. axla [viTareba] met-
naklebad dastabilurda. iq Sevida CrdiloeT kavkasiis ok-
rugis74 batalioni“.75
kiberomis dawyeba
7 agvistos, saqarTvelos teritoriaze rusuli ja-
ris SemoWris paralelurad, saqarTvelos winaaRmdeg aseve
daiwyo rusuli kiberSeteva, rodesac „ramdenime qarTuli
serveri da internettrafiki iyo ayvanili gare kontrolis
qveS~.76 manamde, calkeuli kiberSeteva ganxorcielda 20 iv-
liss, rodesac 24 saaTiT gaiTiSa prezident saakaSvilis veb-
saiti.77

17
 rusuli kiberoperacia, romelic 7 agvistos daiwyo,
agresiulad gagrZelda omis Semdgom dReebSi da gaxda isto-
riaSi pirveli farTo da koordinirebuli kiberSeteva saxelm-
wifos winaaRmdeg, romelic mimdinareobda amave saxelm­wifos
winaaRmdeg Cveulebrivi samxedro Setevis parale­lurad.
kiberSetevis samizneebi iyo qarTuli saxelisuflebo da me-
diis vebsaitebi, aseve finansuri, komerciuli da sxva insti-
tutebi.78
„kiberkampaniis ZiriTadi mizani iyo saqarTveloSi
rusuli samxedro SeWris mxardaWera da kiberSetevebi kar-
gad Caj­da SeWris gegmaSi“. am rusulma Zalisxmevam kidevac
gamoiRo Sedegi: „kiberSetevam mniSvnelovnad Seaferxa saqa-
rTvelos xelisuflebis unari gaewia winaaRmdegoba ruse-
Tis TavdasxmisTvis, radgan is xels uSlida mTavrobasa da
sazogadoebas Soris komunikacias, SeaCera bevri gadaricxva
da finansuri transaqcia da iwvevda dabneulobas imasTan da-
kavSrebiT, Tu ra xdeboda“. kiberSetevam „Seaferxa saqarT-
velos xelisuflebis Zalisxmeva gaevrcelebina informacia
Tavdasxmis Sesa­xeb da daubloka mTavrobas informaciis mra-
vali wyaro. man ufro Zneli gaxada gare samyaros informire-
ba imis Sesa­xeb, Tu ra xdeboda, riTac amcirebda garedan
daxmarebis miRebis Sansebs“.79
qarTuli operaciis dawyeba
7 agvistos ganmavlobaSi saqarTvelos prezidenti
iRebda sadazvervo monacemebs rusuli jarebis Sesaxeb, rom-
lebic ikribebodnen rogorc saqarTvelos javis raionSi, ise
rokis gvirabis rusul mxaresac.80
13:00 saaTze saakaSvilma „gamarTa erovnuli uSiSroebis
sabWos sxdoma, raTa ganexilaT arsebuli viTareba, romelic
swrafad uaresdeboda“. Sinagan saqmeTa ministrma vano mera-
biSvilma sxdomis monawileebs miawoda informacia qarTuli
mxaris mier Cawerili satelefono zarebis Sesaxeb, romlebic
miuTiTebda imaze, rom „rusebma daamyares kontroli rokis
gvirabze da Semdeg gaatares masSi Tavisi Zalebi“. qarTve-
lebs ar hqondaT zusti monacemebi saqarTveloSi SemoWrili
rusuli Zalebis raodenobis Sesaxeb, Tumca, maTi SefasebiT,
im momentSi es daaxloebiT batalioni iyo“.81

18
 7 agvistos, 23:00 da 23:30 saaTs Soris (sxvadasxva
mkvle­vari gansxvavebul dros miuTiTebs), saakaSvilma miiRo
axali sadazvervo monacemebi imis Sesaxeb, rom rusebs rokis
gvirabis gavliT saqarTveloSi damatebiTi samxedro Zalebi
SemohyavdaT, xolo is rusuli Zalebi, romlebic ukve iyvnen
saqarTveloSi SemoWrili, samxreTisken daiZrnen.
svante kornelis, iohana popianevskis da niklas nilso-
nis mixedviT, „daaxloebiT saRamos 11 saaTze [7 agvistos]
saqarTvelos prezidentma mixeil saakaSvilma miiRo informa-
cia, rom 100-ze meti rusuli samxedro manqanisgan Semdgari
kolona moZraobda rokis gvirabis gavliT“.82 ronald asmusi
gvawvdis damatebiT detalebs im dros saakaSvilTan misul
informaciaze: „ara mxolod iyo monacemebi qarTuli sof­
lebis da poziciebis ganaxlebuli dabombvis Sesaxeb, aramed
Tbiliss aseve hqonda manamde, dRisiT, mopovebuli sadaz-
vervo informacia, rom damatebiTi rusuli Zalebi Sevidnen
rokis gvirabSi da hqondaT brZaneba is saRamos gaevloT.
xolo qarTveli savele mzveravebi ityobinebodnen, rom isini
xedavdnen, maTi azriT, rusul kolonas, romelic javidan
samxreTiT, cxinvalis mimarTulebiT moZraobda“.83
aSS-is saxelmwifo mdivnis moadgilis TanaSemwem meTiu
braizam mogvianebiT Tqva, rom „am movlenebis dros, rodesac
me telefoniT vesaubrebodi qarTvel Tanamdebobis pirebs,
isini namdvilad Candnen sruliad darwmunebuli imaSi, rom
rusulma mZime teqnikam gamoiara rokis gvirabi [7 agvistos]“.84
qarTuli samxedro operaciis dawyebamde mcire xniT
adre braiza esaubra saqarTvelos sagareo saqmeTa ministr
eka tyeSelaSvils. braizas TqmiT, „igi Canda sruliad darw-
munebuli, adamianur doneze, rom rusebi iq Sesulebi iyvnen“.85
tyeSelaSvilma uTxra braizas, rom rusebi „Semodiodnen
samxreT oseTSi tankebiT da 1000-ze meti jariskaciT“.86
braizam, „instruqciebis mixedviT,“ urCia qarTvelebs
„ar Sesuliyvnen am rusebTan pirdapir dapirispirebaSi“.87
Tumca saqarTveloSi Semosuli rusuli jarisa da mZime teq­
nikas Sesaxeb 7 agvistos, gvian miRebuli monacemebis Semdeg,
qarTulma xelmZRvanelobam gadawyvita, rom mas unda emoq­
meda. saqarTvelos xelisuflebam Seatyobina braizas, rom
mas „ar hqonda arCevani garda [rokis] gvirabis mimarTulebiT
winsvlisa, raTa ecadaT ukuegdoT rusuli jari“.88
19
 „bolo wveTi iyo qarTuli sadazvervo danayofis mier
javidan cxinvalis mimarTulebiT samxedro kolonis moZrao-
bis vizualuri dadastureba. kolonaSi Semavali SeiaraRebis
_ tankebis, javSantransportiorebis da artileriis _ raode-
nobisa da saxeobebis safuZvelze qarTvelebma daaskvnes, rom
es Zalebi ar iyo arc samxreTosuri da arc Crdilokavkasieli
„moxaliseebis“. es iyo rusuli jari. aman daadastura saakaS-
vilis eWvebi, rom moskovi mis qveyanaSi SeiWra da ganapiroba
misi gvian saRamos miRebuli gadawyvetileba daewyo winaaRm-
degobis gaweva“.89
7 agvistos, 23:35 saaTze, saakaSvilma „daureka saqarT­
velos genStabis ufross, zaza gogavas, da misca ori brZane-
ba: SeeCerebina cxinvalis mimarTulebiT moZravi da rokis
gvirabidan gamomavali rusuli kolonebi da CaexSo qarTuli
poziciebisa da soflebis osuri dabombva. zaris dasrulebis
Semdeg igi Seyovnda, Semdeg kvlav aiRo telefoni da daamata
mesame brZaneba: „samoqalaqo msxverplis minimumamde dayva-
na“.90
am brZanebebis miRebis Semdeg qarTulma SeiaraRe-
bulma Zalebma daiwyes samxedro operacia. SemdgomSi isini
damarcxdnen brZolaSi rusul SeiaraRebul ZalebTan, rom-
lebic mTeli omis (7-12 agvisto) ganmavlobaSi Semodiodnen
saqarTveloSi rokis gvirabiTa da afxazeTis gziT. ruseTis
saxmeleTo Zalebs aqtiurad uWerda mxars misive aviacia, ro-
melic bombavda saqarTvelos, da samxedro floti, romelmac
saqarTvelos sanapiros blokada moaxdina.

nawili III. Setakeba samSvidobo statusis mqone rusul Zalebsa

da qarTul jars Soris

garda moskovis im sicruisa, TiTqos misi jari saqarT­

veloSi Semovida ara 7, aramed 8 agvistos, kremli saqarT-
velos sawinaaRmdego politikur iaraRad kidev erT tyuils
iyenebs _ narativs, TiTqos qarTvelebi Tavs daesxnen rusul
mSvidobismyofelTa statusis mqone Zalebs. sinamdvileSi,
am rusulma Zalebma Tavad daiwyes mtruli moqmedebebi im
qarT­uli Zalebis winaaRmdeg, romlebic cxinvalis arealSi 8
agvistos diliT gadaadgildebodnen. amiT maT daarRvies Ta-

20
visi samSvidobo mandati, ris Sedegadac gaxdnen „legitimuri
samxedro samizne saerTaSoriso samarTlis mixedviT“.91
cxinvalSi samSvidobo ZalebTan dakavSirebuli rusu-
li qmedebebi moicavda Semdegs:
• omamde mSvidobismyofelTa bazaze rusuli specdaniS-
nulebis Zalebis ganlageba;
• ruseTis oficialuri warmomadgenlis naTqvami sicrue
rus mSvidobismyofelebSi danakargebis Sesaxeb ramdenime
saaTiT adre, vidre moxda pirveli Setakeba am mSvidobis-
myofelebsa da qarTul jars Soris;
• cxinvalis reJimis saartilerio cecxlis koreqtireba,
romelic xdeboda cxinvalis samxreTiT arsebuli rus
mSvi­dobismyofelTa bazis teritoriidan;
• amave bazaze myofi rusi mSvidobismyofelebisTvis gace-
muli brZaneba SeeCerebinaT qarTuli jaris gadaadgileba
letaluri Zalis gamoyenebiT;
• mSvidobismyofelTa bazaze myofi rusi jariskacebis mier
qarTuli ZalebisTvis gaxsnili cecxli.

rusuli specdaniSnulebis Zalebi

mSvidobismyofelTa bazaze
cxinvalSi mSvidobismyofelTa Soris rusuli spec­da­
niS­­nulebis Zalebis yofnis faqti daadastura ruseTis pre­
zi­
dentma dimitri medvedevma 2011 wlis 8 agvistos. me-10
spec­daniSnulebis brigadisTvis samxedro jildos gadacemis
ce­remoniis dros medvedevma Tqva: „dRes sruldeba sami weli
samxreT oseTze qarTuli jaris Tavdasxmidan. maSin asobiT
adamiani daiRupa, xolo aTasobiT momakvdinebel safrTxe-
Si iyo. agresors win daudgnen rusi mSvidobismyofelebi,
romelTa Soris Tqveni amxanagebic iyvnen. im Zalian rTul
dra­matul dReebSi maT Rirseulad Seasrules Tavisi movale­
oba, Tanac zogma _ sakuTari sicocxlis fasad“.92 Tavis ga­
mo­s­vlaSi medvedevma aseve Seaqo me-10 brigadis mebrZolebi
imis­Tvis, rom maT „moamzades da ganaxorcieles urTulesi
sabr­Zolo operaciebi CrdiloeT kavkasiasa da samxreT oseT­
Si“.93

21
 sxva, araoficialuri, wyaroebi aseve miuTiTeben spec­
daniSnulebis Zalebis mSvidobismyofelTa Soris ganla­
gebaze, romelic omamde daiwyo. me-10 specdaniSnulebis
brigadis snaiperi-mzveravi aleqsei batuevi, romelic daiWra
qarTvelebTan brZolaSi 8 agvistos, cxinvalSi ganlagebul
mSvidobismyofelebTan omamde „sami TviT“ adre miamagres.94
me-10 brigadis mokle oficialuri istoria, romelic am Sena­
erTSi presturis monawileebma ixiles, ambobs, rom bragadis
„operatiuli jgufi“ cxinvalSi „asrulebda specialur dava-
lebebs“, „2008 wlis 30 aprilidan 2008 wlis 28 agvistomde“.95
jariskaci rauSan abdulini daiRupa qarTvelebTan brZola-
Si 8 agvistos, „me-10 calkeuli specdaniSnulebis brigadis
spec­daniSnulebis razmis SemadgenlobaSi“. 2009 wlis seqtem-
berSi mas, prezidentis brZanebiT, mianiWes (sikvdilis Semdeg)
ruseTis federaciis gmiris wodeba. erTi wyaros mixedviT,
abdulini iyo mimagrebuli cxinvalSi myof rus mSvidobis-
myofelebTan 2007 wlidan,96 xolo meore wyaro ambobs, rom
misi razmi cxinvalSi 2008 wlis aprilSi gadaisroles.97
rogorc andrei ilarionovi aRniSnavs,98 miuxedavad
imisa, rom specdaniSnulebis Zalebis es jariskacebi mSvi-
dobismyofelebTan iyvnen mimagrebuli, isini, savaraudod,
ar eqvemdebarebodnen arc maT da arc Tundac 58-e armias,
romelsac samSvidobo Zalebi eqvemdebarebodnen. cxinva-
lis samxreTiT mdebare rusuli samSvidobo Zalebis bazis
meTaurma, vice-polkovnikma konstantin timermanma ar axsena
spec­daniSnulebis Zalebi im Zalebs Soris, romelic iyo mis
daqvemdebarebaSi qarTul jarTan Setakebis dawyebis moment-
Si.99 58-e armiis meTaurs, general anatoli xruliovs inter-
vius dros hkiTxes, ramdenad hqonda mas omis dros kontaqti
me-10 brigadasTan. pasuxad xruliovma Tqva, rom „urTierT-
moqmedeba iyo organizebuli, magram isini moqmedebdnen saku-
Tari davalebebis mixedviT, romlebsac maT ufrosi samxedro
meTauri aZlevda“.100
marTalia, SedarebiT bevri informacia arsebobs ima-
ze, rom me-10 brigadis Zalebi omamde cxinvalSi myof rus
mSvidobismyofelebTan iyo mimagrebuli, magram es ar iyo
specdaniSnulebis erTaderTi rusuli SenaerTi, romlis ja-
riskacebs aseTi roli hqondaT. 22-e specdaniSnulebis briga-

22
dis Zalebi aseve iyvnen cxinvalSi rus mSvidobismyofelebTan
erTad da ebrZodnen qarTul jars 8 agvistos.101
sicrue rusul samSvidobo Zalebze Tavdasxmis Sesaxeb
gancxadeba rus mSvidobismyofelebze qarTvelebis
Tavdasxmis Sesaxeb moskovma politikur iaraRad manamde
gamoiyena, sanam maTsa da qarTvel jariskacebs Soris raime
Setakeba moxdeboda.
wyaroebi, romlebic am movlenebs exebaian, Tanxmdebi-
an, rom es Setakeba moxda 8 agvistos daaxloebiT 06:00 saaT­
ze. TviT ruseTis Tavdacvis saministros warmomadgenelmac
„uTxra dasavlel Jurnalistebs, rom pirveli rusi mSvido-
bismyofolebi daiRupnen 06:00 saaTis mere, mas Semdeg, rac
qarTuli jari Sevida samxreT cxinvalSi“.102
miuxedavad amisa, mSvidobismyofelebze Setevasa da
maT rigebSi danakargze laparaki moskovma daiwyo manamde,
vidre aseTi ram SeiZleboda momxdariyo: 8 agvistos 02:37
saaT­ze ruseTis sagareo saqmeTa ministris moadgile grig-
ori karasinma daureka Tavis qarTvel kolegas _ grigol va-
SaZes da uTxra, „rom rusuli SeiaraRebuli Zalebi iwyebdnen
samxedro operacias cxinvalis regionSi/samxreT oseTSi da
am gadawyvetilebis mizezad rus mSvidobismyofelebs Soris
danakargebi daasaxela“.103
dapirispireba
8 agvistos, 06:00 saaTisTvis, qarTveli jariskacebi
iyvnen cxinvalis samxreT SesasvlelTan. maT winaaRmdeg gaxs­
nili iyo saartilerio cecxli, romlis koreqtireba xdeboda
rusi mSvidobismyofelebis bazidan. cxinvalis reJimis mebr-
Zoli oleg galavanovi saartilerio cecxlis koreqtire-
bas am bazis erT-erTi Senobis saxuravidan axorcielebda.
SemdgomSi igi sasikvdilod daiWra, sikvdilis Semdeg ki
waradgines ruseTis federaciis gmiris wodebis misaRebad.104
aRsaniSnavia, rom me-10 specdaniSnulebis brigadis jariskaci
maqsim petrovi daiWra im dros, rodesac imyofeboda imave
saxuravze, galavanovTan erTad.105
qarTvelebis winaaRmdeg mimarTuli saartilerio
cecx­lis koreqtireba rusuli samSvidobo Zalebis bazidan

23
 erTmniSvnelovnad iyo samSvidobo Zalebis mandatis darRveva
da warmoadgenda mtrul moqmedebas. Tumca, es ar yofila
yvelaze mZime darRveva, rac rusma mSvidobismyofelebma Cai-
dines. rus mSvidobismyofelebs meTaurebma ubrZanes daeb­
lokaT qarTveli jariskacebis Sesvla cxinvalSi da am pro-
cesSi gamoeyenebinaT letaluri Zala.
gazeT „izvestiasTvis“ 2008 wlis Semodgomaze micemul
interviuSi vice-polkovnikma konstantin timermanma, ro-
melic meTaurobda cxinvalis samxreTiT mdebare bazaze myof
rus mSvidobismyofelebs, 8 agvistos movlenebis Sesaxeb Sem-
degi ganacxada: „Cven mogvces davaleba _ ar gavataroT qar-
Tuli jari dedaqalaqamde [cxinvalamde]“.106 omis Semdgom pe-
riodSi igive ram Tqva ruseTis Tavdacvis saministros gazeT
„krasnaia zvezdasTan“ saubarSi timermanis Stabis ufrosis
moadgilem, kapitanma iuri roJencevma: „Cven mogvces dava-
leba, ar dagveSva mowinaaRmdegis SeWra cxinvalSi“.107
2008 wlis 22 agvistos statiaSi „krasnaia zvezda“ wers,
rom timermanma „yvelas [mis daqvemdebarebaSi myof Zalebs]
erTi davaleba misca _ ar gavataroT mowinaaRmdege cxinval-
Si. man Tqva: „mters ar gavatarebT!“ da „bolomde vidgeT!“ da
mSvidobismyofelma samxedroebma gaakeTes yvelaferi SesaZ­
lebeli da SeuZlebeli, raTa SeeCerebinaT agresori“.108
timermanTan kidev erT interviuze dafuZnebul
„krasnaia zvezdas“ statiaSi, romelic 2008 wlis 19 agvis-
tos gamoqveynda, weria: „iyo erTi taqtikuri davaleba: Ta-
vis poziciebze, mowinaaRmdegis cxinvalSi argatareba. egreve
amuSavda mSvidobismyofelTa yvelaze Zlieri SeiaraReba _
qveiTTa sabrZolo manqanebis qvemexebi (73 mm. „gromi“), tank-
sawinaaRmdego marTuli raketebi da yumbarmtyorcnebi~.109
rusi samxedro eqimebi aleqsandre konovalovi da
dimit­ri zuboki, romlebic cxinvalis regionSi 2008 wlis 14
ivliss gagzavnes da romlebic cxinvalSi msaxurobdnen omis
dawyebis momentSi, 7 da 8 agvistos movlenebis Sesaxeb yvebian
rusi mSvidobismyofelebis mier miRebuli brZanebis Sesaxeb,
gamoeyenebinaT letaluri Zala qarTveli jariskacebis wi-
naaRmdeg.
konovalovi: „7 agvistos, daaxloebiT sadilisken, dag-
vireka batalionis meTaurma [timermanma], gviTxra, rom „viTa-

24
reba iZabeba“. Cven gvTxoves gamovcxadebuliyaviT samSvi­dobo
batalionis teritoriaze“. konovalovis TqmiT, samxedro eqi­
mebi samSvidobo Zalebis bazaze daaxloebiT 15:00-16:00 saaT­
ze mividnen. zuboki yveba, rom 7 agvistos saRamos samSvidobo
Zalebis bazaze myof eqimebs javSanJiletianma da Cafxutianma
oficerma uTxra, rom „gacemulia letaluri cecxlis brZa­
neba [отдан приказ на поражение, на огонь]“. konovalovi aseve
yveba: „daaxloebiT dilis oTx saaTze [8 agvistos], rodesac
Cven samedicino punqtze vimyofebodiT, gamoacxades gangaSi
da Cven batalionis meTauris brZanebiT miviReT javSanJi-
letebi, avtomatebi, Cafxutebi da aRviWurveT. daaxloebiT
mag drosve iyo saubari batalionis meTaurTan, romelmac
gagvagebina, rom ukve gacemulia brZaneba „Tu ramea, gaxseniT
letaluri cecxli [стрелять на поражение]“.110
rodesac qarTveli jariskacebi „Sevidnen samxreT
cxin­valSi 8 agvistos dilis daaxloebiT 06:00 saaTze, ru-
suli samxreTuli samSvidobo Stabidan maT gauxsnes intensi-
uri cecxli“.111 „mas mere, rac maT winaaRmdeg gaixsna cecxli,
qarT­velebma pasuxad aseve gaxsnes cecxli“.112 rus da qarTv-
el samxedroebs Soris amis Sedegad momxdarma Setakebam „Sea­
nela qarTvelebis winsvla“ cxinvalSi.113
qarTvel jariskacebs 8 agvistos dilis Setakebis Sem-
degac isev „hqondaT brZaneba ar esrolaT rusi mSvidobis-
myofelebisTvis, Tu isini pirvelebi ar gaxsnidnen ­cecxls“.
amas hqonda tragikuli Sedegi, sul mcire, erT SemTxveva-
Si, rodesac cxinvalSi brZolebis dros qarTul 41-e qveiT
batalions „Sexvda rusuli samSvidobo Zalebis qveiTTa sa­
br­­Zolo manqanebis jgufi, romlebsac hqondaT gverdebze
da­xa­tuli didi cisferi wreebi, yviTeli kirileuli asoe-
biT MC… 41-e batalionis meTaurma, maiorma Salva doliZem
gasca brZa­neba ar gaexsnaT cecxli da gaetarebinaT rusuli
samSvido­bo Zalebi. es iyo ukanaskneli brZaneba, romelic man
gasca: rusebi miuaxlovdnen qarTvelebs da moulodnelad
gaxsnes cecxli, romliTac mokles doliZe da misi ramdenime
oficeri“.114

25
 brZola ruseT-saqarTvelos omis alternatiul istoriasTan

kremlis sainformacio omis meTodebi dasavlurma sam­

yarom srulad mxolod bolo dros gaacnobiera, mas mere,
rac ruseTma dasavluri qveynebis politikur sistemebs Seu-
tia. manamde, 2014 wels, ukrainis movlenebma aCvena, Tu ro-
gor gamoiyeneba agresiuli dezinformacia samxedro agre-
siis da okupaciis gasamarTleblad.
amgvari meTodebis arsenals ruseTi iyenebda didi
xniT adre, vidre dasavlur sazogadoebebSi amis Sesaxeb cod-
na gavrceldeboda. es aris ukanaskneli stadia im praqtikis
evoluciaSi, romelic jer kidev sabWoTa periodSi gamoiye­
neboda da rac ruseTma ssrk-is daSlis Semdegac SeinarCuna.
mas mere, rac ruseTis mmarTveli gaxda putini, am arsenals
ufro Tamamad da didi resursebiT iyeneben.
2008 wlis omis dros da omis Semdgom periodSi ru-
seTma saqarTvelos am iaraRiT Zlieri dartyma miayena. misi
mZlavri propagandistuli da diplomatiuri resursebi
mimarTuli iyo imaze, rom agresiis msxverpl saqarTvelos
dabraleboda moskovis mier ganxorcielebuli samxedro Tav-
dasxma da rusul-qarTuli omi, romelic Tavidan bolomde
saqarTvelos teritoriaze mimdinareobda.
ruseTma ver miaRwia amaSi srul warmatebas, magram man
SeZlo mniSvnelovani gaurkvevlobis Semotana. bevris TvalSi
omis Sesaxeb damkvidrda narativi, TiTqos rusuli provoka-
ciebis Semdeg saqarTvelom daiwyo samxedro Seteva cxinvalis
regionSi, xolo ruseTma amis pasuxad Caatara disproporci-
ulad masStaburi da agresiuli samxedro operacia. es nara-
tivi ar asaxavs realur faqtebs, rasac 2008 wlis agvistoSi
hqonda adgili. amis miuxedavad, is gamoiyeneba imis­Tvis, rom
saqarTvelos omisTvis pasuxismgeblobis garkveuli nawili
daekisros.
am fenomenis erT-erTi yvelaze TvalsaCino gamovline-
ba iyo 2009 wels gamoqveynebuli „taliavinis komisiis“ anga-
riSi. miuxedavad yvela im faqtisa, romelic miuTiTebs ru-
suli arasamSvidobo samxedro Zalebis ruseT-saqarTvelos
sazRvris qarTul mxares yofnaze 7 agvistosTvis, angariSSi
ubralod weria, rom es yofna ver dasturdeba da rom, Se-

26
sabamisad, saqarTvelos im dros jer ar hqonda Tavdacvis
ufleba.
faqtebis amgvari ugulebelyofa miuRebelia. erTi
mxriv, es aris istoriasTan usamarTlo da damakninebeli
mopyroba. meore mxriv ki, es xels uwyobs ruseTis propagan-
distul da diplomatiur oms, romelsac igi mudmivad awar-
moebs saqarTvelos winaaRmdeg.
mravali faqti, am statiaSi moyvanili Tu sxva, romelTa
xsenebasac aq aRar Sevudeqi naSromis SezRuduli sididis
gamo, cxadad aCvenebs, rom:
• ruseTis Tanmimdevruli samxedro da diplomatiuro sao-
mari mzadebis Semdeg, 7 agvistosTvis regularuli ru-
suli samxedro Zalebi, romlebic ar iyvnen mSvidobis-
myofelebi, SemoiWrnen saqarTvelos teritoriaze. zogi
wyaro miuTiTebs saqarTveloSi am rusuli Zalebis yof-
naze jer kidev wina ramdenime dRis ganmavlobaSi, xolo
konkretulad 7 agvistos maTi aq yofna mravali wyaroTi
dasturdeba.
• 7 agvistos momxdari es rusuli SemoWra warmoadgenda
saqarTvelos winaaRmdeg agresiis aqts. gaeros general-
uri asambleis rezolucia 3314 („agresiis ganmarteba”),
statia 3(a) cxadad ganmartavs, rom erTi saxelmwifos Sei-
araRebuli Zalebis SeWra meore saxelmwifos teritori-
aze aris agresiis aqti.115
• saqarTvelom daiwyo Tavisi samxedro operacia mxolod
7 agvistos 23:35 saaTidan, didi xnis Semdeg mas mere, rac
rusuli jari mis teritoriaze SemoiWra da imis Semdeg,
rac Tbilisma araerTxel miiRo sadazvervo monacemebi
saqarTvelos teritoriaze SemoWrili rusuli samxedro
Zalebis gadaadgilebis Sesaxeb. Sesabamisad, saqarTve-
lo iyenebda saerTaSoriso samarTliT gaTvaliswinebul
uflebas Tavdacvaze.
• 8 agvistos dilis Setakeba qarTul Zalebsa da mSvidobis-
myofelTa statusis mqone rusul Zalebs (da maTTan omamde
mimagrebul rusul specdaniSnulebis Zalebs) Soris mox-
da mas Semdeg, rac mSvidobismyofelebma miiRes brZaneba
SeeCerebinaT qarTvelebis winsvla cxinvalSi, romelic

27
 mimdinareobda 7 agvistos 23:35 saaTidan dawyebuli qa-
rTuli operaciis farglebSi. samSvidobo Zalebis bazaze
myof rus jariskacebs nebarTva misces qarTvelebisaTvis
letaluri cecxli gaexsnaT, rac maT gaakeTes kidevac.
dRes bevri ram aris Secvlili 2008 wlis agvistosa da
uSualod omis Semdgom periodTan SedarebiT. gamoCnda axa-
li faqtebi, magaliTad, 7 agvistos saqarTvelos teritori-
aze rusi jariskacis gardacvalebis zemoxsenebuli rusuli
gamoZieba, an putinis 2012 wlis aRiareba, rom rusulma gen-
Stabma winaswar moamzada saqarTvelosTan omis gegma da rom
rusi samxedro instruqtorebi wvrTnidnen cxinvalis reJi-
mis mebrZolebs 2008 wlis omamde. aranakleb mniSvnelovania,
rom bolo dros dasavleTma gaiazra kremlis geopolitikuri
miznebi da am miznebis miRwevis meTodebi.
2008 wlis ruseT-saqarTvelos omidan aTi wlis Semdeg
qarTvelebi imsaxureben axlebur xedvas am omis Sesaxeb, ro-
melic Tavisufali iqneba dezinformaciiT da faqtebis dam-
axinjebiT gamowveuli gaurkvevlobisgan.

SeniSvnebi

1. Andrei Illarionov, “The Russian Leadership’s Preparation for War, 1999-2008,” S.E. Cor-
nell and S. Frederick Starr (eds.), The Guns of August 2008: Russia’s War in Georgia
(New York, 2009), gv. 56, 59; Svante E. Cornell, Johanna Popjanevski, Niklas Nilsson,
Russia’s War in Georgia: Causes and Implications for Georgia and the World, Central
Asia-Caucasus Institute and Silk Road Studies Program, August 2008, gv. 6; Indepen-
dent International Fact-Finding Mission on the Conflict in Georgia Report (September
2009), Volume II, gv. 207.
2. 2012 w. 8 agvistos gamarTul pres-konferenciaze vladimir putinma
aRiara, rom 2006 wlis bolos da 2007 wlis dasawyisSi ruseTis genStabma
moamzada saqarTvelosTan SesaZlo omis gegma da rom rusi samxedro
instruqtorebi wvrTnidnen cxinvalis reJimis mebrZolebs 2008 wlis
omamde. ix.: “Russian Generals Accuse Medvedev of Hesitation in Russia-Georgia
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