24/01/1441

History of MET Academy

Architecture [1] Architecture Department
Course code: ARC 1211 Mansoura, Egypt

HISTORY History of Architecture [1]

Course code: ARC 1211
Is WHO We are!
Lecture 1:
and
Introduction to Study History
WHY we are the Way We are!
Pre-Historic
HISTORY IS NOT JUST THE PAST ]1[ ‫تاريخ العمارة‬
:‫المحاضرة األولى‬
HISTORY IS THE PRESENT ‫المدخل لدراسة تاريخ العمـــــــارة‬
‫العمارة في عصور ما قبل التاريخ‬
(1st year /1st Semester) (1st year /1st Semester)
2 Dr. Alaa’Elmanzlawi Year 2019- 2020
Dr. Alaa’Elmanzlawi
1 Year 2019- 2020

History of History of
Architecture [1] Architecture [1]
Course code: ARC 1211 Course code: ARC 1211

2- Teaching and Learning Methods 1- COURSE AIMES

THE METHODs OF STUDYING HISTORY: 
– –

To try not to MEMORIZE… but to UNDERSTAND.



HISTORY IS NOT A LIST OF FACTS! 

IT IS A STORY THAT CAN BE RETOLD OVER AND OVER –

(1st year /1st Semester) (1st year /1st Semester)

4 Dr. Alaa’Elmanzlawi Year
Year 2018
2019-- 2020
2019 3 Dr. Alaa’Elmanzlawi Year 2018
Year 2019-- 2020
2019

History of History of
Architecture [1] Architecture [1]
Course code: ARC 1211 Course code: ARC 1211

2- Teaching and Learning Methods 2- Teaching and Learning Methods

(1st year /1st Semester) (1st year /1st Semester)

6 Dr. Alaa’Elmanzlawi Year
Year 2018
2019-- 2020
2019 5 Dr. Alaa’Elmanzlawi Year
Year 2018
2019-- 2020
2019

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24/01/1441

History of History of
Architecture [1] Architecture [1]
Course code: ARC 1211 Course code: ARC 1211

2- Teaching and Learning Methods 2- Teaching and Learning Methods

(1st year /1st Semester) (1st year /1st Semester)

8 Dr. Alaa’Elmanzlawi Year
Year 2018
2019-- 2020
2019 7 Dr. Alaa’Elmanzlawi Year
Year 2018
2019-- 2020
2019

History of History of
Architecture [1] Architecture [1]
Course code: ARC 1211 Course code: ARC 1211

3- WHAT IS HISTORY 3- WHAT IS HISTORY

1 A Branch Of Knowledge That Records And
Explains Past Events
2
The Study Of Or A Record Of Past Events
Considered Together, Especially Events Of
A Particular Period, Country, Or Subject

(1st year /1st Semester) (1st year /1st Semester)

10 Dr. Alaa’Elmanzlawi Year
Year 2018
2019-- 2020
2019 9 Dr. Alaa’Elmanzlawi Year
Year 2018
2019-- 2020
2019

History of History of
Architecture [1] Architecture [1]
Course code: ARC 1211 Course code: ARC 1211

4- WHY DO WE STUDY HISTORY? 4- WHY DO WE STUDY HISTORY?

Why is this important? Why is this important?

2 1
To Learn About The To Know More
Mistakes Of Those About The Roots Of
Who Have Gone Our Current
Before Us Culture

(1st year /1st Semester) (1st year /1st Semester)

12 Dr. Alaa’Elmanzlawi Year
Year 2018
2019-- 2020
2019 11 Dr. Alaa’Elmanzlawi Year
Year 2018
2019-- 2020
2019

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History of History of
Architecture [1] Architecture [1]
Course code: ARC 1211 Course code: ARC 1211

4- WHY DO WE STUDY HISTORY? 4- WHY DO WE STUDY HISTORY?

Why is this important? Why is this important?

4 3
To Learn Historical To Learn About
Facts Human Nature In
General By
Looking At Trends
That Repeat
Through History

(1st year /1st Semester) (1st year /1st Semester)

14 Dr. Alaa’Elmanzlawi Year
Year 2018
2019-- 2020
2019 13 Dr. Alaa’Elmanzlawi Year
Year 2018
2019-- 2020
2019

History of History of
Architecture [1] Architecture [1]
Course code: ARC 1211 Course code: ARC 1211

4- WHY DO WE STUDY HISTORY? 4- WHY DO WE STUDY HISTORY?

Why is this important? Why is this important?

5 5
To Learn About To Learn About
How Different How Different
Factors Shape Factors Shape
Society
Society

(1st year /1st Semester) (1st year /1st Semester)

16 Dr. Alaa’Elmanzlawi Year
Year 2018
2019-- 2020
2019 15 Dr. Alaa’Elmanzlawi Year
Year 2018
2019-- 2020
2019

History of History of
Architecture [1] Architecture [1]
Course code: ARC 1211 Course code: ARC 1211

5- WHO INVESTIGATES HISTORY ? 5- WHO INVESTIGATES HISTORY ?

2 1
ANTHROPOLOGISTS ARCHAEOLOGISTS

(1st year /1st Semester) (1st year /1st Semester)

18 Dr. Alaa’Elmanzlawi Year
Year 2018
2019-- 2020
2019 17 Dr. Alaa’Elmanzlawi Year
Year 2018
2019-- 2020
2019

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History of History of
Architecture [1] Architecture [1]
Course code: ARC 1211 Course code: ARC 1211

5- WHO INVESTIGATES HISTORY ? 5- WHO INVESTIGATES HISTORY ?

4 3
CHEMISTS ORAL HISTORIANS

(1st year /1st Semester) (1st year /1st Semester)

20 Dr. Alaa’Elmanzlawi Year
Year 2018
2019-- 2020
2019 19 Dr. Alaa’Elmanzlawi Year
Year 2018
2019-- 2020
2019

History of History of
Architecture [1] Architecture [1]
Course code: ARC 1211 Course code: ARC 1211

6- HISTORY IS A MYSTERY TO BE SOLVED… 5- WHO INVESTIGATES HISTORY ?

1 Finding Out About History Is A Lot Like
Trying To Solve A Mystery.
2 You Must Look For Clues. 5

3 You Must Interpret Those Clues. LINGUISTS

4 You Must Bring All The Clues Together

To Shed Light On Each Other.
5 You Must Reinterpret Each Clue Every
Time You Find A New Clue.
6 You Must Then Try Fill In The Gaps And
Come To An Educated Conclusion.
(1st year /1st Semester) (1st year /1st Semester)
22 Dr. Alaa’Elmanzlawi
Alaa’ Elmanzlawi Year
Year 2018
2019-- 2020
2019 21 Dr. Alaa’Elmanzlawi Year
Year 2018
2019-- 2020
2019

History of History of
Architecture [1] Architecture [1]
Course code: ARC 1211 Course code: ARC 1211

6- HISTORY IS A MYSTERY TO BE SOLVED… 6- HISTORY IS A MYSTERY TO BE SOLVED…

SOURCES SOURCES
Sources fall into two major categories: Sources fall into two major categories:

1. PRIMARY SOURCES. 1. PRIMARY SOURCES.

A Primary Source Is A Document Or
Physical Object Which Was Written Or 2. SECONDARY SOURCES.
Created During The Time Under Study.

(1st year /1st Semester) (1st year /1st Semester)

24 Dr. Alaa’Elmanzlawi
Alaa’ Elmanzlawi Year
Year 2018
2019-- 2020
2019 23 Dr. Alaa’Elmanzlawi
Alaa’ Elmanzlawi Year
Year 2018
2019-- 2020
2019

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24/01/1441

History of History of
Architecture [1] Architecture [1]
Course code: ARC 1211 Course code: ARC 1211

6- HISTORY IS A MYSTERY TO BE SOLVED… 6- HISTORY IS A MYSTERY TO BE SOLVED…

SOURCES SOURCES
1. PRIMARY SOURCES... 1. PRIMARY SOURCES...
WHAT ARE SOME EXAMPLES OF PRIMARY SOURCES? WHAT ARE SOME EXAMPLES OF PRIMARY SOURCES?

HISTORICAL DOCUMENTS ARTIFACTS

An Object Made By A
Human Being,
Typically An Item Of
Cultural Or Historical
Interest.
(1st year /1st Semester) (1st year /1st Semester)
26 Dr. Alaa’Elmanzlawi
Alaa’ Elmanzlawi Year
Year 2018
2019-- 2020
2019 25 Dr. Alaa’Elmanzlawi
Alaa’ Elmanzlawi Year
Year 2018
2019-- 2020
2019

History of History of
Architecture [1] Architecture [1]
Course code: ARC 1211 Course code: ARC 1211

6- HISTORY IS A MYSTERY TO BE SOLVED… 6- HISTORY IS A MYSTERY TO BE SOLVED…

SOURCES SOURCES
1. PRIMARY SOURCES... 1. PRIMARY SOURCES...
WHAT ARE SOME EXAMPLES OF PRIMARY SOURCES? WHAT ARE SOME EXAMPLES OF PRIMARY SOURCES?
PHOTOGRAPHS GOVERNMENT DOCUMENTS ORAL HISTORIES
PERSONAL INTERVIEWS NEWSPRINT
AUTOBIOGRAPHIES
DIARIES VIDEO
POETRY
(1st year /1st Semester) (1st year /1st Semester)
28 Dr. Alaa’Elmanzlawi
Alaa’ Elmanzlawi Year
Year 2018
2019-- 2020
2019 27 Dr. Alaa’Elmanzlawi
Alaa’ Elmanzlawi Year
Year 2018
2019-- 2020
2019

History of History of
Architecture [1] Architecture [1]
Course code: ARC 1211 Course code: ARC 1211

6- HISTORY IS A MYSTERY TO BE SOLVED… 6- HISTORY IS A MYSTERY TO BE SOLVED…

SOURCES SOURCES
2. SECONDARY SOURCES.
WHAT ARE SOME EXAMPLES OF SECONDARY SOURCES? Sources fall into two major categories:

 Textbooks 2. SECONDARY SOURCES.

 Encyclopedias A Secondary Source Interprets And
 Magazine or News Articles dealing with Analyzes Primary Sources.
issues from the past ONE OR MORE STEPS REMOVED FROM THE EVENT
(1st year /1st Semester) (1st year /1st Semester)
30 Dr. Alaa’Elmanzlawi
Alaa’ Elmanzlawi Year
Year 2018
2019-- 2020
2019 29 Dr. Alaa’Elmanzlawi
Alaa’ Elmanzlawi Year
Year 2018
2019-- 2020
2019

5
24/01/1441

History of History of
Architecture [1] Architecture [1]
Course code: ARC 1211 Course code: ARC 1211

6- HISTORY IS A MYSTERY TO BE SOLVED…

SOURCES
Sources fall into two major categories:

1. PRIMARY SOURCES.

2. SECONDARY SOURCES.

(1st year /1st Semester) (1st year /1st Semester)

32 Dr. Alaa’Elmanzlawi Year
Year 2018
2019-- 2020
2019 31 Dr. Alaa’Elmanzlawi
Alaa’ Elmanzlawi Year 2019- 2020

History of History of
Architecture [1] Architecture [1]
Course code: ARC 1211
Course code: ARC 1211

PRE-HISTORIC 7- Course Topics

Sir Banister Fletcher’s

A HISTORY OF
ARCHITECTURE,
THE MAIN REFERENCE:
Banister Fletcher and Dan Cruickshank, Architectural Press, 20th edition,
1996. ISBN 0750622679

(1st year /1st Semester) (1st year /1st Semester)

34 Dr. Alaa’Elmanzlawi Year 2019- 2020 33 Dr. Alaa’Elmanzlawi Year
Year 2018
2019-- 2020
2019

History of History of
Architecture [1] Architecture [1]
Course code: ARC 1211 Course code: ARC 1211

PRE-HISTORIC PRE-HISTORIC
PEOPLE Wanted To
Settle Down, Live In
Communities
 Before 9000 BC,
Nomadic Life Of
Hunting & Food
Gathering

 By 9000 Bc, Farming

And Agriculture 2014
Was Practiced
(1st year /1st Semester) (1st year /1st Semester)
36 Dr. Alaa’Elmanzlawi Year 2018
Year 2019-- 2020
2019 35 Dr. Alaa’Elmanzlawi Year 2019- 2020

6
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History of History of
Architecture [1] Architecture [1]
Course code: ARC 1211 Course code: ARC 1211

PRE-HISTORIC PRE-HISTORIC

What are The Examples What INFLUENCED PRE-

of PRE-HISTORIC HISTORIC Architecture?
Architecture?

(1st year /1st Semester) (1st year /1st Semester)

38 Dr. Alaa’Elmanzlawi Year 2018
Year 2019-- 2020
2019 37 Dr. Alaa’Elmanzlawi Year 2018
Year 2019-- 2020
2019

History of History of
Architecture [1] Architecture [1]
Course code: ARC 1211 Course code: ARC 1211

PRE-HISTORIC PRE-HISTORIC
3 2 1 3 2 1

.1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1

.2 .2

.2 .2
.2 .2

(1st year /1st Semester) (1st year /1st Semester)

40 Dr. Alaa’Elmanzlawi Year 2018
Year 2019-- 2020
2019 39 Dr. Alaa’Elmanzlawi Year 2018
Year 2019-- 2020
2019

History of History of
Architecture [1] Architecture [1]
Course code: ARC 1211 Course code: ARC 1211

PRE-HISTORIC - MEGALITHS PRE-HISTORIC

1 MENHIR - 3 2 1

.1 .1 .1

.2
 Serves A Religious Purpose.

 Sometimes Arranged In Parallel .2

Rows, Reaching Several Miles And .2
Consisting Of Thousands Of Stones.
Carnac, France
(1st year /1st Semester) (1st year /1st Semester)
42 Dr. Alaa’Elmanzlawi Year 2018
Year 2019-- 2020
2019 41 Dr. Alaa’Elmanzlawi Year 2018
Year 2019-- 2020
2019

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History of History of
Architecture [1] Architecture [1]
Course code: ARC 1211 Course code: ARC 1211

PRE-HISTORIC - MEGALITHS PRE-HISTORIC - MEGALITHS

3 DOLMEN - 2 GROMLECH -
 Tomb Of Standing Stones Usually
Capped With A Large Horizontal  Enclosure Formed By Huge Stones
Slab Planted On The Ground In Circular
 Form
 Outer Ring, Inner Ring, With Open

End Facing East

  Largest Stones Weigh 45 To 50 Tons
 A Solar Observatory
(1st year /1st Semester) (1st year /1st Semester)
44 Dr. Alaa’Elmanzlawi Year 2018
Year 2019-- 2020
2019 43 Dr. Alaa’Elmanzlawi Year 2018
Year 2019-- 2020
2019

History of History of
Architecture [1] Architecture [1]
Course code: ARC 1211 Course code: ARC 1211

PRE-HISTORIC - PRIMITIVE DWELLINGS PRE-HISTORIC - MEGALITHS

1 ANCIENT CAVES 4 TUMULUS/PASSAGE GRAVE
  Dominant tomb type

 Corridor inside leading to an
underground chamber
 Mostly Had One Room
 The Development Of More
Complex Civilizations Led To
Division Of The Room Into Smaller
Ones For Eating, Sleeping,
Socializing Natural or Artificial Caves 19 / 23 December for 17 minutes
(1st year /1st Semester) (1st year /1st Semester)
46 Dr. Alaa’Elmanzlawi Year 2018
Year 2019-- 2020
2019 45 Dr. Alaa’Elmanzlawi Year 2018
Year 2019-- 2020
2019

History of History of
Architecture [1] Architecture [1]
Course code: ARC 1211 Course code: ARC 1211

PRE-HISTORIC PRE-HISTORIC - PRIMITIVE DWELLINGS

2 The Primitive Hut 2 The Primitive Hut
Wigwam or Tepee Hogan TRULLO BEEHIVE HOUSE

conical tent with wooden poles as

framework, Covered with rush
mats and an animal skin door
48 Dr. Alaa’Elmanzlawi
Primitive Indian Structure Of Dry Walled Rough Stone Shelter Building Made From A Circle Of
Joined Logs With Corbelled Roof Stones Topped With A Domed Roof
(1st year /1st Semester) (1st year /1st Semester)
Year 2018
Year 2019-- 2020
2019 47 Dr. Alaa’Elmanzlawi Year 2018
Year 2019-- 2020
2019

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History of History of
Architecture [1] Architecture [1]
Course code: ARC 1211 Course code: ARC 1211

PRE-HISTORIC PRE-HISTORIC
2 The Primitive Hut 2 The Primitive Hut
IRAQI MUDHIF Sumatran House IGLOO Nigerian hut

Covered With Split Reed Mats, Built For Several Families, Built Of Eskimo House Constructed Of Hard- With Mud Walls And Roof Of Palm
On A Reed Platform Timber And Palm Leaves packed Snow Blocks Leaves
(1st year /1st
Semester) (1st year /1st Semester)
50 Dr. Alaa’Elmanzlawi Year 2018
Year 2019-- 2020
2019 49 Dr. Alaa’Elmanzlawi Year 2018
Year 2019-- 2020
2019

History of History of
Architecture [1] Architecture [1]
Course code: ARC 1211 Course code: ARC 1211

PRE-HISTORIC PRE-HISTORIC
ARCHITECTURAL CHARACTER
1 2 3
MATERIALS CONSTRUCTION SYS. DECORATION
What are THE
Characteristics of
 Animal Skins
 Wooden Frames PRE-HISTORIC
 Animal Bones Architecture?

(1st year /1st Semester) (1st year /1st Semester)

52 Dr. Alaa’Elmanzlawi Year 2018
Year 2019-- 2020
2019 51 Dr. Alaa’Elmanzlawi Year 2018
Year 2019-- 2020
2019

History of History of
Architecture [1] Architecture [1]
Course code: ARC 1211 Course code: ARC 1211

PRE-HISTORIC PRE-HISTORIC
ARCHITECTURAL CHARACTER ARCHITECTURAL CHARACTER
1 2 3 1 2 3
MATERIALS CONSTRUCTION SYS. DECORATION MATERIALS CONSTRUCTION SYS. DECORATION

 Existing or
excavated caves
 Caves paintings
 Megalithic large
 Sculpture stones without
the use of
mortar or
concrete
(1st year /1st Semester) (1st year /1st Semester)
54 Dr. Alaa’Elmanzlawi Year 2018
Year 2019-- 2020
2019 53 Dr. Alaa’Elmanzlawi Year 2018
Year 2019-- 2020
2019

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History of History of
Architecture [1] Architecture [1]
Course code: ARC 1211 Course code: ARC 1211

PRE-HISTORIC PRE-HISTORIC
Task (1) .. (Free Hand Sketch) ARCHITECTURAL CHARACTER
Marcus Vitruvius ‫ماركوس فيرتوفيوس‬ 1 2 3
UTILITAS ... FIRMITAS … VENUSTAS MATERIALS CONSTRUCTION SYS. DECORATION

(1st year /1st Semester) (1st year /1st Semester)

56 Dr. Alaa’Elmanzlawi Year 2018
Year 2019-- 2020
2019 55 Dr. Alaa’Elmanzlawi Year 2018
Year 2019-- 2020
2019

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