Pipe, Operational, Installation & Site Characteristics Values Units Values Units
Steel Grade 9
Specified Minimum Yield Strength SMYS 450.00 N/mm2 70049.49 lb/in2
Young's Modulus Es 200.0E+3 N/mm2 29,006,000 lb/in2
Poisson's Ratio vs 0.30
Coefficient of Thermal Expansion T 1.17E-05 per oC
Design Stress Factor F 0.72
Outside Diameter D 28.00 inches 711.20 mm
Wall Thickness tw 22.20 mm 0.874 in
Depth H 15,000 mm
Bored Diameter and Type Bd 1,066.80 mm Type: HDD
Maximum Allowable Operating Pressure P 86.00 barg 8.60 N/mm2
Temperature at time of Installation Tmax 30.00 C o
86.00
Design Temperature Max Tmax 50.00 oC 122.00 oF
Design Temperature Min Tmin 15.00 oC 59.00 oF
Temperature Derating Factor T 1.000 (B31.8 Table 841.116A)
Spec & Pipe Class 19.00
Longitudinal Joint Factor E 1.00 (B31.8 Table 841.115A)
HDD Rig size Fr 200.00 tons
Rig Pulling factor Sr 75.00 %
Allowable tensile stress factor Ft 0.40
Time under tension design factor St 0.91
Length of Drill L 800.00 m 2,624.64 ft
Total change of angle over L 16.00 degrees
Radius of curvature 1,300.00 m
pendix 4 Page 1 of 4
1.0 Check Allowable Barlow Stresses (API 1102 Equation 8b) Values Units
Actual Barlow Stress 137.75 N/mm2
Allowable Barlow Stress 324.00 N/mm2
Actual Barlow Stress < Allowable Stress
1.1 Installation Stresses- Bending Stress
The pipe stress due to bending stress of pipe is determined as follows
R A ( L / A ) 688
RA = Maximum Radius of Curvature (inch)-(For 8 Degrees)
L = Length drilled (ft)
Maximum Radius of Curvature in Drilled hole (in) RA 112,859.52 in 2866.63 m
Min.Radius of Curvature in Drilled hole used RD 51,181.10 in 1300.00 m
f b ( ED ) /( 2 R D )
fb = Longitudinal Bending Stress (lb/in2)
Longitudinal Bending Stress (lb/in2) fb 7,934.26 lb/in2 54.71 N/mm2
F b =0.75F y for D/t 1,500,000/F y
F b = [0.84-(1.74F y D)/(Et)]F y for 1,500,000/F y D/t 3,000,000/F y
F b = [0.72-(0.58F y D)/(Et)]F y for 3,000,000/F y D/t 300,000
Maximum allowable Bending Stress (lb/in2) Fb -9,429.96 lb/in2 65.02 N/mm2
Longitudinal bending stress < Allowable bending stress
1.2 Installation Stresses- External Hoop Stress
The pipe thickness due to external hoop stress of pipe is determined as follows
t D / 12 ( 864 P ext / E ) 1 / 3
D/t 50 D/t = 48.20
t = Pipe wall thickness (inch)
P ext = Uniform external Pressure in lb/in 2 (Assumed as 7.5-Percent E )
E = Modulus of Steel in lb/in 2
Optimum thickness (D/t 50) t 14.224
Pipe wall thickness due to External Hoop Stress
Actual thickness > Allowable Thickness
t 14.755 mm
pendix 4 Page 2 of 4
1.3 Installation Stresses- Tensile Stress
The pipe stress due to pulling tensile stress of pipe is determined as follows
ft S y S tT y
Sy = Tensile Yield Factor
St = Time under tension design factor
Ty = Tensile yield strength
Ft = Allowable Tensile Stress
Allowable Tensile Stress ft 163.800 N/mm2 23,755.91 lb/in2
1.4 Installation Stresses- Required Pipe thickness to meet allowable tensile stress
The pipe thickness due to pulling tensile stress of pipe is determined as follows
tr ( pi( Do / 2) 2 (((Fr / Sr ) / f t ) / pi) * 2
Fr = HDD Rig size
Sr = Rig pulling factor
Ft = Allowable Tensile Stress
Do = Outside pipe diameter
tr = Required pipe wall thickness to meet allowable tensile stress
Pipe wall thickness due to Tensile Stress t r 14.44 mm
Pipe wall thickness to be used t 22.20 mm
Actual thickness > Allowable Thickness
1.5 Installation Stresses- Pipe combined installation stress
The pipe stress due to combined stresses is determined as follows
f t / 0 . 9 F y f b / Fb 1
Ft = Allowable Tensile Stress (lb/in2)
fy = Pipe minimum yield strength (lb/in2)
fb = Longitudinal Bending Stress (lb/in2)
Fb = Maximum allowable Bending Stress (lb/in2)
f t / 0.9 F y + f b / F b = -0.436943
Actual thickness > Allowable Thickness
pendix 4 Page 3 of 4
2.0 Operating Stresses- Internal Hoop Stress
The pipe stress during operation due to hoop stress is determined as follows
f h ( Pint D ) /( 2 t )
fh = Pipe hoop stress due to internal pressure (lb/in2)
P int = Uniform internal pressure (lb/in2)
t = Pipe wall thickness (in)
f h 70% SMYS
Pipe hoop stress due to internal pressure fh 19,974 lb/in2
137.73 N/mm2
Actual internal hoop stress < Allowable internal hoop stress
2.1 Operating Stresses- Combined Operating Stress
The pipe stress during operation due to hoop stress is determined as follows
For worst case, fc fh , fv ( fc fl ) / 2
fv ( fh fc ) / 2
f l ( f cV f b )
fb
f v f h [(1 v ) / 2)
2
f v 45% SMYS
fv = Longitudinal component oF circumferential stress (lb/in2)
fc = Total circumferential stress (lb/in2)
fl = Total Longitudinal stress, fb (lb/in2)
Longitudinal component of circumferential stress fv 3,023.94 lb/in2
20.85 N/mm2
Actual combined operating stress < Allowable combined stress
pendix 4 Page 4 of 4
