Drug
n
Generic Name: Carvedilol
Brand Name: Carvid
Classification: Belongs to the
class of alpha and beta blocking
agents. Used in the treatment of
cardiovascular diseases.
Dosage/Direction of use:
Oral
hypertension
Adult:
Initially,12.5 mg once daily
increased to25 mg once daily
after 2 days. Alternatively, initial
dose of 6.25 mg bid increased to
12.5mg bid after 1-2wk, increased
further if necessary to 50mg once
daily or in divided doses.
o alkaline phosphatase, glycosuria, prothrombin time,
Elderly
: 12.5 mg once daily.
• sleep disorder, skin reaction, tinnitus, dry mouth,
Angina pectoris
o dizziness. Diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting,
Adult:
Initially,12.5 mg bid increased to
25mg bid after 2days.
•
heart failure
o  Advise patient to not interrupt
Adult
: Initially,3.125 mg bid, doubled
to 6.25mg bid after 2 week
if tolerated, then gradually
increased to the max dose the
patient can tolerate at intervals of
not <2 wk. Max dose: >85 kg: 50
Action Indication/Contraindicatio
Mechanism of Action:
Carvedilol causes vasodilation by blocking the
activity of α-blockers, mainly at alpha-1receptors. It
exerts antihypertensive effect partly by reducing total
peripheral resistance and vasodilation. It is used in
patients with renal impairment, NIDDM or IDDM.
Absorption:
Absorbed well from the GI tract (oral); peak plasma
concentrations after 1-2 hr.
Distribution:
Enters breast milk. Protein-binding:>98%.
Metabolism:
Hepatic: Considerable first-pass effect.
Excretion:
Via bile(as metabolites); 6-10 hr (elimination half-
life).
Adverse Reaction:
Bradycardia, AV block, angina pectoris,
hypervolemia, leucopenia, hypotension, peripheral
edema, allergy, malaise, fluid overload, melena,
periodontitis, hyperuricemia, hyponatremia, increased
SGPT and SGOT levels, purpura, somnolence,
impotence, albuminuria, hypokinesia, nervousness,
anemia, sweating, fatigue, arthralgia, aggravation,
Nursing Responsibilities
Indication:
Hypertension, alone or with other
oral drugs, especially diuretics
• AST levels.
Treatment of mild to severe CHF
of ischemic or cardiomyopathic
origin with digitalis, diuretics, ACE
inhibitors
• diuretics prn.
Left ventricular dysfunction
(LVD)after MI
• signs of hypoglycemia or
Unlabeled uses: Angina (25–50 mg
bid)
Contraindication:
Hypersensitivity; severe chronic
heart failure, bronchial asthma or
related bronchospastic conditions;
severe hepatic impairment. Patients
with NYHA class IV cardiac failure,
2nd or 3rd ° AV block, sick sinus
syndrome (unless a permanent
pacemaker is in place), cardiogenic
shock or severe bradycardia.
Lactation.
 Monitor patient for decreased
PT and increased alkaline
phosphate, BUN, ALT, and
 Assess patient with heart
failure for worsened condition,
renal impairment, or fluid
retention; add or increase
 Monitor patient with diabetes
closely because drug may mask
worsen hyperglycemia.
 Monitor elderly patients
carefully because drug level is
about 50% higher in elderly
patients than in younger
patients
 Observe patient for dizziness
or light headedness for 1 hour
after giving each dose.
 Assess patients and families
knowledge of drug therapy
 Before therapy begins, stabilize
dose of digoxin, diuretics, and
ACE inhibitors
 Give drug with food to reduce
risk of orthostatic hypotension
 If pulse drops below 55 bpm,
notify physician and reduce
dose
or stop taking the medicine
without medical approval.
Drug should be withdrawn
gradually over 1 to 2 weeks.
 Advise heart failure patient to
inform physician about weight
gain, or shorteness of breath
 Drug
Generic Name: metformin-
vildagliptin
Brand Name: Galvus Met
Classification: Galvus Met® is an
international brand name for
metformin-vildagliptin.
Metformin and vildagliptin are
both anti-diabetic agents that are
used in combination to treat
Diabetes Mellitus Type 2. In
particular, metformin increases
the body's sensitivity to insulin.
Dosage/Direction of use:
Galvus Met 50Mg/850Mg Tablet
is available in the form of tablets
as well as oral solutions. The
dosage that the doctor
recommends for your treatment
will be based on your age, your
condition, the severity of your
condition and the other
medications you are currently
taking. You should follow the
course of this treatment until it is
completed, and do not skip out
on a dose.
The usual dose of Galvumet is
one tablet twice a day. Your
doctor will tell you exactly how
many tablets to take. Do not
exceed two tablets a day.
Your doctor will monitor your
blood glucose levels and may
increase or decrease the dose of
Galvumet to maintain good
Action Indication/Contraindicatio Nursing Responsibilities
n
Mechanism of Action: Indication:  Tell Client to report if;
Galvus Met 50Mg/850Mg Tablet is an oral drug that Type II Diabetes Mellitus shortness of breath; wheezing
is used to control and balance blood sugar levels. or difficulty breathing;
This medication is used in the treatment of  Galvus Met 50Mg/850Mg Tablet swelling of the face, lips,
conditions such as type 2 diabetes, obesity, improves blood glucose levels in tongue or other parts of the
cardiovascular diseases, hypertension and polycystic adults and children. The drug is body; rash, itching or hives on
ovarian syndrome. If you do not manage the to be taken with proper diet and the skin occur.
condition of diabetes, it can result in kidney failure, regular exercise.  Assess client for any recent
obesity and heart disorders. Therefore, Galvus Met heart attack or have heart
50Mg/850Mg Tablet helps keep your blood sugar Polycystic Ovary Syndrome failure, and serious circulation
levels low and your diabetes in check. problems, including shock and
 Galvus Met 50Mg/850Mg Tablet breathing difficulties
Galvus Met 50Mg/850Mg Tablet does not increase is also used to treat this hormonal  Assess patients type of diabetes
the amount of insulin in the body; instead, it condition known as Polycystic because type 1 diabetes is a
decreases the production of sugar. The liver of ovary syndrome. condition where your body
patients, who suffer from type 2 diabetes, produces does not produce any insulin at
thrice the amount of glucose and their bodies do not Contraindication: all. Galvumet is not a substitute
have the capacity to absorb these large amounts of for insulin
glucose. Galvus Met 50Mg/850Mg Tablet is effective  Impaired kidney function  Tell the patient to avoid this
in lowering the amount of glucose that the liver medicine if the patient is going
releases. It also decreases your appetite and increases Galvus Met 50Mg/850Mg Tablet is to have a contrast x-ray.
your body?s sensitivity to insulin, thus, reducing the not recommended for patients  Tell the patient to avoid
amount of glucose that is absorbed by your blood. having an impaired kidney function. drinking medicines from
An increased sensitivity to insulin also lowers your This can be attributed to other risk previous medication containing
levels of cholesterol and helps you to lose weight. factors like shock, heart attack, and metformin or he might still
Adverse Reaction: Septicemia. have in possession because
galvumet contains metformin.
The common side effects of Galvus Met
 Allergy If the patient have more than
50Mg/850Mg Tablet include
one metformin-containing
diarrhea, dizziness, headaches, vomiting and stomac
Galvus Met 50Mg/850Mg Tablet is medicine in its possession the
h cramps. Consuming this medicine with food can not recommended for use if you patient may accidentally take
lower your risk of developing the side effects. One have a known history of allergy to too much (overdose).
rare yet major side effect of Galvus Met it. Accidentally taking too much
50Mg/850Mg Tablet is lactic acidosis. It is build up metformin can cause a very
 Metabolic Acidosis serious side effect called lactic
of lactic acid in the blood, which can be fatal. This
side effect causes symptoms such as muscle acidosis.
weakness, stomach aches, nausea, irregular Galvus Met 50Mg/850Mg Tablet is
not recommended for use in patients
heartbeat, difficulty breathing, cold or numb with unbalanced acid levels in the
control of your diabetes.
Drug
Generic Name: Febuxostat
Brand Name: Atenurix
Classification: M04AA03
- febuxostat ; Belongs to the class
of preparations inhibiting uric
acid production. Used in the
treatment of gout.
Dosage/Direction of use:
Oral
Adult 20-40 mg once daily. May
be increased to 120 mg once daily
if serum uric acid is >6 mg/dL
after 2-4 wk. Hepatic
impairment 80 mg/day.
sensation in the arms and legs.
Action
Mechanism of Action:
Febuxostat is a non-purine-selective inhibitor
of xanthine oxidase. It works by non-
competitivelyblocking the molybdenum pterin center
which is the active site on xanthine oxidase. Xanthine
oxidase is needed to successively oxidize
both hypoxanthine and xanthine to uric acid. Hence,
febuxostat inhibits xanthine oxidase, therefore
reducing production of uric acid. Febuxostat inhibits
both oxidized as well as reduced form of xanthine
oxidase because of which febuxostat cannot be easily
displaced from the molybdenum pterin site.
Adverse Reaction:
Liver function abnormalities, diarrhea, headache,
nausea & rash.
body.
Indication/Contraindicatio
n
Indication:
Treatment of chronic hyperuricemia
in conditions where urate deposition
has already occurred (including a
history or presence of tophus &/or
gouty arthritis).
Contraindication:
Hypersensitivity. Pregnancy &
lactation.
Do not use until acute gouty attacks
(gout flare) has completely
subsided. Not recommended for
patients w/ ischemic heart disease or
CHF; xanthine deposition (eg
malignant disease or Lesch-Nyhan
syndrome); altered thyroid function.
Perform liver function test prior to
treatment & periodically thereafter.
Severe renal & hepatic impairment.
Childn <18 yr.
Nursing Responsibilities
 Asses patient if he is allergic
to febuxostat, or any of the
ingredients in febuxostat.
 Assess patient for any history
of chest pain; an organ
transplant; cancer; a stroke;
Lesch-Nyhan syndrome (an
inherited disease that causes
high levels of uric acid in the
blood, joint pain, and problems
with motion and behavior); or
heart, kidney, or liver disease.
 Tell patient to Keep all
appointments with your doctor
and the laboratory. the doctor
will order certain lab tests to
check on the patients body's
response to febuxostat.
 Assess patient if ever hes
taking meications like
azathioprine (Azasan, Imuran),
mercaptopurine (Purinethol),
or theophylline (Elixophyllin,
Theo-24, Uniphyl, others). The
doctor will probably tell the
patient not to take febuxostat if
he’s taking one or more of
these medications.
 Drug
Generic Name: Trimetazidine
HCl
Brand Name: TMZ-MR
 Classification: Blocking
the activity of long-chain
3-ketoacyl CoA thiolase.
Dosage/Direction of use:
Oral
1 tab in the morning & evening.
Should be taken with food:
Swallow whole, do not
break/chew/crush.
Action Indication/Contraindicatio Nursing Responsibilities
n
Mechanism of Action: Indication: 
Prophylactic treatment of angina
 Blocking the activity of long-chain 3- pectoris episodes. Adjuvant
ketoacyl CoA thiolase. symptomatic treatment of vertigo
& tinnitus. Adjuvant treatment of
Adverse Reaction: decline in visual acuity & field
Gastric discomfort, nausea, headache, vertigo. , disturbances presumably of
vascular origin.
Contraindication:
Hypersensitivity. Not
recommended during lactation.
 Drug
Generic
Name: Multivitamins+Minerals+
Deanol+Ginsend Extract
Brand Name: Pharmaton
Classification: multivitams with
minerals
Dosage/Direction of use:
Oral
Recommended Dose: 1 cap
taken with food, preferably at
breakfast. Children <12 years:
Not recommended for use.
Elderly: There are no special
dosage recommendations.
Action
Mechanism of Action:
Pharmaton is a unique combination of standardized
ginseng extract G115 with vitamins, minerals and
lipotropic substances to improve physical and mental
performance: Stress Fighting Ginseng G115: Made of
the highest quality Panax ginseng. Clinically proven to
provide increased adaptability for mental and physical
stress. Mind-enhancing Deanol Bitartrate: Helps
improve overall mood and concentration while
enhancing mental alertness. Essential Vitamins and
Minerals: Right level and formulation of vitamins and
minerals including A, C, E, Zinc (Pharmaton) and
Calcium (Pharmaton) which helps correct deficiencies
in the diet brought about by an unhealthy lifestyle and
an unbalanced diet. Lipotropic Substances: Linoleic,
linolenic acid + choline that is thought to reduce fatty
deposits in the heart and liver, and thus help reduce the
risk of heart attack in a highly stressed environment.
Clinically proven, Pharmaton has undergone clinical
testing and has been proven to increase physical and
mental vitality.
Adverse Reaction:
Constipation, diarrhea, or upset stomach may occur.
These effects are usually temporary and may
disappear as your body adjusts to this medication. If
any of these effects persist or worsen, contact your
doctor or pharmacist promptly. If your doctor has
prescribed this drug, remember that he or she has
judged that the benefit to you is greater than the risk
of side effects. Many people using this medication
do not have serious side effects. A very serious
Indication/Contraindication Nursing Responsibilities
Indication: 
To improve mental capacity eg,
lack of concentration, reduced
attention and decreased mental
responsiveness. During periods of
exhaustion (fatigue) through stress,
tiredness or weakness. In case of
physical vitality deficiency.
Convalescence after illness.
Prevention and treatment of
symptoms caused by ill-balanced
or deficient nutrition.
Contraindication:
Patients with known hypersensitivity
to any of the ingredients of
Pharmaton. People who are
suffering from disturbances of
Calcium (Pharmaton) metabolism
(eg, hypercalcemia and
hypercalciuria), with
hypervitaminosis A or D, with renal
insufficiency, during therapy with
retinoids (eg, against acne), or
vitamin D. Patients with a history of
allergy to soya and peanuts. In case
of rare hereditary conditions that
may be incompatible with the
excipient, the use of Pharmaton is
contraindicated. It contains 26 mg of
lactose per maximum recommended
daily dose. Patients with the rare
 allergic reaction to this drug is rare. However, seek
immediate medical attention if you notice any of the
following symptoms of a serious allergic reaction:
rash, itching/swelling (especially of the
face/tongue/throat), severe dizziness, trouble
breathing.
hereditary condition of galactose
intolerance ie, galactosemia should
not take Pharmaton. It contains the
excipients ethyl parahydroxy
benzoate and propyl parahydroxy
benzoate, which may cause allergic
reactions (possibly delayed).

Drug Action Indication/Contraindicatio Nursing

n Responsibilities
Generic Name: Mechanism of Action: Indication: 
Calcium/Magnesium/Phosphorus/ Prophylactic treatment of angina
 Blocking the activity of long- pectoris episodes. Adjuvant
Vitamin D3 symptomatic treatment of vertigo
chain 3-ketoacyl CoA thiolase.
& tinnitus. Adjuvant treatment of
Brand Name: Osteoguard Adverse Reaction: decline in visual acuity & field
Gastric discomfort, nausea, headache, disturbances presumably of
vascular origin.
 Classification: Blocking the activity vertigo.,
of long-chain 3-ketoacyl CoA Contraindication:
Hypersensitivity. Not
thiolase. recommended during lactation.

Dosage/Direction of use:
Oral

1 tab in the morning & evening. Should be

taken with food: Swallow whole, do not
break/chew/crush.