NUMBERS

NUMBERS SUMMARY

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 Finding the GCF
Practice 1
The greatest common factor (GCF) is the largest whole number that divides evenly into multiple
numbers. Look at the two numbers in each problem and find the greatest common factor between
them. See the example below for a step by step process to finding the GCF.

Example
36 48 36 = 18 x 2 2 is a prime number and divides into 18 evenly 36 times.
2 2 36 = 9 x 2 x 2 18 can be divided by 2, leaving 9.

2 2 36 = 3 x 3 x 2 x 2 9 can be divided by 3, leaving 3. Now we have all prime

numbers.
3 2 48 = 24 x 2
Once you find the prime factors of the second number,
3 2 48 = 12 x 2 x 2 see which numbers they have in common. Circle and
multiply them to get your GCF. If there are no prime
3 48 = 6 x 2 x 2 x 2 factors in common, then the GCF is 1.

48 = 3 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 Numbers in common:
2 x 2 x 3 = 12
2, 2, 3
GCF

40 60 30 75 84 105 56 96

GCF GCF GCF GCF

18 25 50 125 72 108 56 112

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GCF GCF GCF GCF
 Finding the GCF
Practice 2
The greatest common factor (GCF) is the largest whole number that divides evenly into multiple
numbers. Look at the two numbers in each problem and find the greatest common factor between
them. See the example below for a step by step process to finding the GCF.

Example
54 90 54 = 27 x 2 2 is a prime number and divides into 54 evenly 27 times.
2 2 54 = 9 x 3 x 2 27 can be divided by 3, leaving 9.

3 3 54 = 3 x 3 x 3 x 2 9 can be divided by 3, leaving 3. Now we have all prime

numbers.
3 3 90 = 45 x 2
Once you find the prime factors of the second number,
3 5 90 = 9 x 5 x 2 see which numbers they have in common. Circle and
multiply them to get your GCF. If there are no prime
90 = 3 x 3 x 5 x 2 factors in common, then the GCF is 1.

2 x 3 x 3 = 18 Numbers in common:

GCF 2, 3, 3

52 78 20 100 36 108 48 72

GCF GCF GCF GCF

60 90 27 81 18 72 57 104

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GCF GCF GCF GCF
 Finding the GCF
Practice 3
The greatest common factor (GCF) is the largest whole number that divides evenly into multiple
numbers. Look at the two numbers in each problem and find the greatest common factor between
them. See the example below for a step by step process to finding the GCF.

Example
54 135 54 = 27 x 2 2 is a prime number and divides into 54 evenly 27 times.
2 3 54 = 9 x 3 x 2 27 can be divided by 3, leaving 9.

3 3 54 = 3 x 3 x 3 x 2 9 can be divided by 3, leaving 3. Now we have all prime

numbers.
3 3 135 = 27 x 5
Once you find the prime factors of the second number,
3 5 135 = 9 x 3 x 5 see which numbers they have in common. Circle and
multiply them to get your GCF. If there are no prime
135 = 3 x 3 x 3 x 5 factors in common, then the GCF is 1.

3 x 3 x 3 = 27 Numbers in common:

GCF 3, 3, 3

36 54 60 210 16 64 56 84

GCF GCF GCF GCF

48 120 22 49 15 75 24 84

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GCF GCF GCF GCF

 FACTOR "CHRISTMAS" TREE

864

36 x 24

9 x x x 6

x 3 x x 2 x x 2 x x 3

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 GREATEST COMMON FACTOR
PRACTICE 1
Greatest Common Factor (GCF) is the largest factor that divides two numbers.
Example: Find the greatest common factor of 6 and 10.
1. Find the prime factors of each number.
6 = 2 x 3
10 = 2 x 5
2. Find the common prime factors that 6 and 10 have.
6 = 2 x 3

10 = 2 x 5
3. The common prime factor of 6 and 10 is 2.

Circle the common factors of the pair of numbers, then answer the questions.

4 = 2 x 2 6 = 2 x 3
6 = 2 x 3 9 = 3 x 3
The common prime factor is: . The common prime factor is: .

The GCF is . The GCF is .

10 = 2 x 5 14 = 2 x 7
12 = 2 x 2 x 3 35 = 5 x 7
The common prime factor is: . The common prime factor is: .

The GCF is . The GCF is .

Greatest common factor can also be found by multiplying all the common prime factors. See the example.

18 = 2 x 3 x 3 20 = 2 x 2 x 5
12 = 2 x 2 x 3 30 = 2 x 3 x 5
The common prime factors are 2 and 3 . The common prime factors are .
2 x 3 = 6
The GCF is . The GCF is .
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 GREATEST COMMON FACTOR
PRACTICE 2
Greatest Common Factor (GCF) is the largest factor that divides two numbers.
Example: Find the greatest common factor of 24 and 18.
1. Find the prime factors of each number.
24 = 6 x 4 18 = 6 x 3
= 2x3 x 2x2 = 2x3 x 3
2. Find the common prime factors of 24 and 18.
24 = 2 x 3 x 2 x 2

18 = 2 x 3 x 3
3. The common prime factors of 24 and 18 are 2 and 3.
The greatest common factor can be found by multiplying all the common prime
factors. Therefore, the greatest common factor of 24 and 18 is 2 x 3 = 6.

Find the greatest common factor of the numbers below.

30 = 3 x x
45 = 3 x 3 x
The common prime factors are: . The GCF is .

36 = 3 x 2 x 2 x
42 = 7 x x 3
The common prime factors are: . The GCF is .

120 = 2 x x 3 x 5 x
100 = 2 x 5 x x

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The common prime factors are: . The GCF is .
 LEAST COMMON MULTIPLE
PRACTICE 1
A multiple
multiply that number by every integer, starting with 1.
Example: The multiples of 2 are 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and so on.
Common multiples are numbers that share one or more of the same multiples.
Example: Multiples of 2 are 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, and so on.
Multiples of 3 are 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, and so on.
6 and 12 appear in these lists, so they are common multiples of 2 and 3.

Least common multiple (LCM) is the smallest common multiple of two or more numbers.
From the example above, the LCM of 2 and 3 is 6.
LCM can be found by listing the multiples and looking for the smallest common one in the lists.

Circle the common multiples of the pair of numbers, then answer the questions.

Multiples of 4 = 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, ... Multiples of 6 = 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, 36, 42, ...

Multiples of 5 = 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, ... Multiples of 7 = 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, 49, ...

The common multiple is: . The common multiple is: .

The LCM is . The LCM is .

Multiples of 8 = 8, 16, 24, 32, 40, ... Multiples of 9 = 9, 18, 27, 36, 45, 54, 63, ...

Multiples of 10 = 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, ... Multiples of 12 = 12, 24, 36, 48, 60, 72, ...

The common multiple is: . The common multiple is: .

The LCM is . The LCM is .

Multiples of 2 = 2, ___ ,___ , ___ ,___ ,12, ... Multiples of 3 = 3, __ ,__ , __ ,__ ,__ , __ ,__ , ...

Multiples of 3 = 3, ___ ,___ , ___ ,___ ,18, ... Multiples of 4 = 4, __ ,__ , __ ,__ ,__ , __ ,__ , ...

The common multiples are: . The common multiples are: .

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The LCM is . The LCM is .
 LEAST COMMON MULTIPLE
PRACTICE 2
A multiple
multiply that number by every integer, starting with 1.
Example: Multiples of 10 are 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, and so on.

Common multiples are numbers that share two or more of the same multiples.
Example: Multiples of 10 are 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, and so on.
Multiples of 15 are 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, and so on.
30 and 60 appears in these lists, so they are common multiples of 10 and 15.

Least common multiple (LCM) is the smallest common multiple of two or more numbers.
From the example above, the LCM of 10 and 15 is 30.
LCM can be found by listing all the multiples and looking for the smallest common one in the lists.

Find the least common multiple of numbers below. Follow the directions.

Multiples of 9 = 9 , 18 , , , , , ...
Multiples of 15 =
15 , 30 , , , , , ...

The common multiple is . The LCM is .

Multiples of 20 = , , , , , , ...
Multiples of 30 =
, , , , , , ...

The common multiples are . The LCM is .

Multiples of 10 = , , , , , , ...

Multiples of 20 = , , , , , , ...
Multiples of 50 =
, , , , , , ...

The common multiples are . The LCM is .

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 PRIME FACTORIZATION
Factors are numbers that you multiply together to get another number.
When a factor is a prime number, it is called a prime factor.
For example, the prime
factors of 12 are 2 x 2 x 3. So 2, 2, and 3 are prime factors of 12.

Find the prime factors of the numbers below. See the example.

16 = 2 x 8
= 2 x 2x4
= 2 x 2x2x2

36 = 4 x 9

= x x x

4 x 12
48 =
= x x x

= x x x x

56 = 7 x

= x x

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