INTRODUCTION

Green building (also known as green construction or sustainable building) refers to both a
structure and the application of processes that are environmentally responsible and resourse-
efficient throughout a building's life-cycle: from planning to design, construction, operation,
maintenance, renovation, and demolition. The below figure shows the Green building and its
various aspects(fig.1). The Green Building practice expands and complements the classical
building design concerns of economy, utility, durability, and comfort.Although new
technologies are constantly being developed to complement current practices in creating
greener structures, the common objective of green buildings is to reduce the overall impact of
the built environment on human health and the natural environment by:

 Efficiently using energy, water, and other resources

 Protecting occupant health and improving employee productivity (Healthy building)
 Reducing waste, pollution and environmental degradation

To reduce operating energy use, designers use details that reduce air leakage through the
building envelope (the barrier between conditioned and unconditioned space). They also
specify high-performance windows and extra insulation in walls, ceilings, and floors. Another
strategy, passive solar building design is often implemented in low-energy homes. Designers
orient windows and walls and place awnings, porches, and trees to shade windows and roofs
during the summer while maximizing solar gain in the winter. In addition, effective window
placement (daylighting) can provide more natural light and lessen the need for electric
lighting during the day. Solar water heating further reduces energy costs.
Onsite generation of renewable energy through solar power, wind power, hydro power,
or biomass can significantly reduce the environmental impact of the building. Power
generation is generally the most expensive feature to add to a built.

HISTORY
Traditional buildings were energy efficient because architecture depended on the places.
Buildings in the hot and dry regions, had corridors directing the wind to cool naturally. In wet
regions, structures using natural light and breeze, were used some examples are
The traditional building practices were utilized in constructing the Dhyanalinga. Mud mortar
stabilized with lime, sand, alum and some herbal additives was used.

Hawa mahal:

The structure was built in 1799 by Maharaja Sawai Partap singh, the grandson of Maharaja
Sawai Jai singh, who was the founder of jaipur. He was so inspired by the unique structure
of Khetri mahal that he built this grand and historical palace. It was designed by Lal Chand
Ustad. Its unique five floors exterior is akin to the honeycomb of a beehive with its 953 small
windows called Jahrokas decorated with intricate latticeword.

The entry to the Hawa Mahal from the city palace side is through an imperial door. It opens
into a large courtyard, which has double storeyed buildings on three sides, with the Hawa
Mahal enclosing it on the east side. An archaeological museum is also housed in this
courtyard.
Hawa Mahal was also known as the chef-d'œuvre of Maharaja Jai Singh as it was his
favourite resort because of the elegance and built-in interior of the Mahal. The cooling effect
in the chambers, provided by the breeze passing through the small windows of the façade,
was enhanced by the fountains provided at the centre of each of the chambers.

2. Ancient Persian Wind Towers

Persia is considered the home of the oldest ventilation and cooling systems. It is believed that
this technology was as old as 2000 years. They created a narrow path and called them wind
catcher. It can be uni-directional, bi-directional or multi-directional. The hot air passes
through these narrow passages and mix with underground cold water. It helps to regulate
room temperature during a hot burning day. These towers are excellent examples of ancient
Persian desert architecture. This technology is still utilized in western architecture.

3. Ancient Greek Cities

Architecture plays an important role in designing a house to keep it warm without the use of
any fuel. When the ancient Greek faced the shortage of fuel for the winter season, they started
to think about the use of green energy. They construct the entire city in a way to capture the
maximum sun rays during the cold season of the year. Later, they start using glass in the
windows to retain maximum heat from the sunlight.

4. Ancient Persian Windmill

The oldest known windmill dates back to 3000 years old. It is believed that this kind of
technology was first used in ancient Persia. These windmills were used to grind grain and
pump water out of the ground. It was created using strong reeds and tied to spin around an
axis. This is the first known use of wind to do everyday tasks mechanically. The windmill
was designed carefully that generates power by rotating in both directions. As of June 2014,
wind energy production was around 4 percent of total worldwide electricity usage, and
growing rapidly.

IMPORTANCE OF PROJECT:

The air is getting warmer - summer comes sooner in most continents including Europe and
America. Sea level is rising, - Maldives is sinking. Rivers like the Amazon, the Nile, the
Danube, etc, are drying or recede several meters every year. But it's not just happening
elsewhere but also happening in India.