CIV3703 Transport Engineering

Module 5 – Traffic Studies and Parking

Part B
5.9 Types of Parking Facilities
Categories:
on road
kerbside
centre-of-the-road

off road single level

off road multi-level

5.10 Design Vehicles
Recommended minimum allowable
dimensions for design - allows for movement
of design vehicle plus clearances
Overdesigning Vs. under designing

Typical design vehicles are:

85th percentile vehicle for general design
99th percentile vehicle for critical design
Design Car Dimensions
Design Cars
Categories of Parkers
Long term (Class 1)
Medium term (Class 2)
Short term (Class 3)
Disabled (Class 4)

Design for a particular class.

AS/NZS 2890.1:2004
Classification of parking lot users
AS/NZS 2890.1:2004
5.11 Kerbside Parking
Major purpose of road:
To provide safe and free
traffic movement.

Parked vehicles, and

vehicles undertaking
parking manoeuvres are
likely to disrupt the free
flow of traffic.
Angle Parking Versus Parallel Parking
Angle parking more convenient.
Unparking from angle parking is more hazardous.
Angle parking not suitable for commercial vehicles.
Angle parking requires greater street width.
Angle parking accommodates more cars per metre
of kerb length.
Advantage of parallel parking
[Refer: self-assessment question5.5]

Advantage of parallel parking as compared to Angle Parking

Easier unparking manoeuvre.
Less width of roadway required.
Easier identification of vacant spaces by searching drivers
and hence less interference with through traffic.
Non exposure of alighting and boarding passengers to road
traffic on the passenger side of the vehicle.
Lower accident rate.
Can be adapted to cater for commercial vehicles.
Vehicles do not overhang footpath and hence cause less
interference to pedestrians
Vehicle overhang foodpath

ACT Government 2015

Disadvantage of parallel parking
Disadvantage of Parallel parking as compared to Angle Parking
Less parking spaces per length of kerb.
More difficult parking manoeuvre, and hence greater
disruption to through traffic.
Exposure of driver and passengers on drivers side of vehicle
when alighting and boarding.
Minimum Width for On-street Parking
Other Kerbside Activities
Taxi stands
Length = 5.5 n + 1.5
metres,
where n = no. of taxis
Bus Stops
Loading Zones

Parking areas designated

solely for loading or
unloading goods or
passengers
General purpose loading
zones
Good vehicle only loading
zones - Recommended
minimum length 9 metres
5.12 Centre-of-the-road Parking
Can only be considered on
very wide streets
Pedestrian movements to
and from parked vehicles
involve crossing of traffic
streams
Vehicles accessing centre-
of-the-road parking spaces
are likely to disrupt flow in
through lanes
5.13 Off-street Parking
Often a condition of commercial developments
Principal design problem: Layout of spaces, to
maximise number of spaces
facilitate circulation and access to spaces
Off-street Parking Layout
Layouts usually use angle or perpendicular parking

Source: Austroads 2017

Example: Park and ride facilty
Minimum Size of Parking Space (Table 5.2)
Minimum Space and Aisle Combinations - 900 (Table 5.3)
Space and Aisle Widths – Angle Parking (Table 5.4)
Minimum Space-length and Aisle –width
Combinations for Parallel (Table 5.5)
Circulation Roads (Table 5.6)
5.14 Multi-level Car Parks
Normally only proposed in areas of high density
development

Aesthetically designed parking structure in Manila (Austroads 2017)

Multi-level Carpark Problems
Special problems:
• Presence of columns in
structure
• Geometry and grade of
ramps
• Circulation difficulties
• Queuing
• Provision of ticketing and
pay facilities
Reasonable design
Improved design
5.15 Operation of Off-street Parking Facilities

Operation: Free or fee

Self-parking or
attendant parking
Fee Collection at Off-street Carparks

Fees
time dependent (usual) or fixed (e.g. sports)
collection on entry or exit
fee collection: manual, automation
Pay by vehicle registration number
Latest apllications

Austroads 2017
References
ACT Government 2015, Building an integrated transport network –parking, Australian
Capital Territory, Canberra
Austroads 2017, Guide to Traffic Management: Part 11- Parking, Austroads publication,
Sydney
End Module 5