SCHOOL OF NURSING SCIENCES AND RESEARCH

SHARDA UNIVERSITY

OBSTETRIC AND GYNECOLOGICAL NURSING

ASSIGNMENT ON
Various Child Birth Practice

Submitted to:- Submitted BY:-

Ms. Nithya Ks Ms. Bhawna joshi
Assistant Professor M.sc. Ist year
Obstetric And Gynecological Nursing Deptt. SNSR
SNSR
Definition:-
 It is the process of giving birth in a tub or pool of warm water. It is also considered as
the gentlest birth. Considered as an alternative way of giving birth.

Theory behind:-
 The theory behind this type of giving birth is that the baby has been in the amniotic sac
for nine months and emerging in a water environment is gentler and less stressful for
both the mother and the baby. It is also believed that it reduces stress during labor and
birth which also reduces fetal and maternal complications.

History of water birth:-

 Laboring in water is used by women for millennia. It is supported by Janet Blaskas. She
is a writer about water births and describes the oral histories of South Pacific Islanders
giving birth in shallow sea water.

 It is also considered as a recent development in the Western world. The first water birth
that we know about in Europe was in 1803 in France.

 During the 1960s, Igos Charkovsky undertook considerable research into the safety and
possible benefits of water birth in Soviet Union.

 In the late 1960s, Frederick Leboyer, French Obstetrician developed the practice of
immersing newly-born infants in warm water to help ease transition from the womb to
the outside world, and to mitigate the of any birth trauma.

 Michel Odent, another French obstetrician, began using the warm-water birth pool for
pain relief for the mothers. During these trials, some women refused to get out of water
to finish birthing. It lead Odent to research about the benefits for the babies and the
possible problems in such births.

 By the late 1990s, interest in water birth grew in UK, Europe and Canada.
 Benefits Of Water Birth:-
For the Mother:
 Water is soothing, calming and relaxing.
 Water seems to increase woman’s energy.
 Buoyancy lessens body weight which allows free movement and new positioning.
 Buoyancy promotes more efficient uterine contractions and better blood circulation,
resulting in better oxygenation of the uterine muscles, less pain for the mother, and
more oxygen for the baby.
 Immersion in water often helps lower high blood pressure caused by anxiety.
 Water seems to alleviate stress-related hormones, allowing the mother’s body to
produce endorphins, which are pain-inhibitors.
 Water causes the perineum to become more elastic and relaxed, which reduces the
incidence and severity of tearing and the need for an episiotomy and stitches.
 As the laboring woman relaxes physically she is able to relax mentally, concentrating her
efforts inward on the birth process.
 The water provides a sense of privacy, which releases inhibitions, anxiety, and fears.

 For the Baby:

 Provides a similar environment as the amniotic sac.
 Eases the stress of the birth, providing reassurance and security.
 It is also believed that water babies are cries less and are calmer and more alert.

Risks Of Water Birth.

 Theoretical risk of water embolism, which is when the water enters the mother’s blood stream.

 Water Aspiration – inhaling water but babies doesn’t actually inhale “air” until they’re exposed
to it.

 Infections – if the water is not clean.

Who should not have Water Birth?

 If you are having multiple births.
 If you have herpes If your baby is breech (suhi) .
 Preterm labor is expected .
 Severe meconium or bleeding .
  If you have toxemia or preeclampsia
 meconium-earliest stools of an infant toxemia-pregnancy induced high blood pressure.

POSITION
 Different positions during labour have different ways of helping to relax and be more
comfortable.
 To avoid pain many nurses and doctors suggest mothers adopt
 semi-reclining position or
 lie on their side
 A walk, squatting position or fetal position can help case pain. What ever position in
which woman find comfortable can be good for her.

HOSPITAL BIRTH
 Women giving birth in the hospital have most of the same options as home births, she
has quicker access to surgical interventions if an emergency occurs. Women giving birth
in a hospital or birth center have the option to attempt a vaginal delivery with or
without medication.

Benefits of hospital delivery

The benefits of a hospital birth include-

 ready access to emergency interventions such as a Cesarean section,

 advanced monitoring for high-risk pregnancies, and
 more pain management options including epidural anesthesia.

Disadvantages of hospital delivery-

 The risks of a hospital delivery can include a higher chance of unwanted intervention.
 Sometimes the hospital setting can lead to rushing through the stages of labor, resulting
in a higher chance of incision of the perineum during childbirth, and requiring a
Cesarean.
  Other risks of hospital childbirth (and any stay in the hospital) include a higher chance of
infection.

Some positions for child birth :-

 kneeling, using a chair or birthing ball (yoga, or ‘fit’ ball) for support
 swaying or walking and holding a support person during contractions
 standing and moving in the shower to help reduce pain
 sitting or kneeling in a bath, to reduce pain and make you buoyant, making it easier to
change positions
 squatting, using a birthing stool, ball or squatting bar; this can help the flow of oxygen to
your baby, reduce back pain and move the baby correctly into position
 sitting and rocking on a chair or edge of the bed
 sitting backwards on a chair, with arms resting on the chair-back
 leaning forward over the bed
 sitting on a chair leaning forward
 lunging with one foot up on a chair or footstool
 kneeling on hands and knees to help reduce back pain
 If you want, your birth partner can massage you, help guide your breathing, and support
you while you are in these positions.
 BIBLIOGRAPHY

 Jogindra vati, Principles and practices of nursing management and administration,

jaypee brother’s medical publication,fst edition, 2013, page: no: 66-79.
 Mithun kumar, A comprehensive text book on nursing management, emmess medical
publishers,1st edition,2013page no:47-56.
 http://icmr.nic.in/guidelines/Hospital%20Infection%20control%20guideline